diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 8507a2d..e6aeae2 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ Each validation run writes artifacts in the model workspace, for example under
 
 The compiler currently dumps dialect snapshots such as `spatial0.mlir`,
 `spatial1_dcp_merged.mlir`, `pim0.mlir`, `pim1_buff.mlir`,
-`pim2_coalesced.mlir`, `pim3_folded.mlir`, and
-`pim4_materialized.mlir` when an output directory is available.
+`pim2_coalesced.mlir`, and `pim3_folded.mlir` when an output directory is
+available.
 
 To rerun the simulator manually with tracing after validation has produced a
 `raptor/pim/` directory:
diff --git a/src/PIM/CMakeLists.txt b/src/PIM/CMakeLists.txt
index 0bd0305..31588b2 100644
--- a/src/PIM/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/PIM/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -123,7 +123,6 @@ add_pim_library(OMPIMAccel
   OMPimBufferization
   OMPimMemoryCoalescing
   OMPimHostConstantFolding
-  OMPimHostConstantMaterialization
   OMPimVerification
   MLIRTensorInferTypeOpInterfaceImpl
 )
diff --git a/src/PIM/Common/IR/WeightUtils.cpp b/src/PIM/Common/IR/WeightUtils.cpp
index 0662b85..395396f 100644
--- a/src/PIM/Common/IR/WeightUtils.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Common/IR/WeightUtils.cpp
@@ -47,6 +47,16 @@ CompiledIndexExpr mulExpr(CompiledIndexExpr lhs, int64_t rhs) {
   return makeBinaryExpr(CompiledIndexExprNode::Kind::Mul, std::move(lhs), makeConstantExpr(rhs));
 }
 
+llvm::FailureOr<llvm::SmallVector<int64_t>> getStaticMemRefTypeStrides(mlir::MemRefType type) {
+  llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> strides;
+  int64_t offset = 0;
+  if (failed(type.getStridesAndOffset(strides, offset)))
+    return mlir::failure();
+  if (llvm::is_contained(strides, mlir::ShapedType::kDynamic))
+    return mlir::failure();
+  return strides;
+}
+
 template <typename VMMOpTy, typename ParentOpTy>
 bool hasVmmWeightUse(ParentOpTy parentOp, unsigned weightIndex) {
   auto weightArg = parentOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex);
@@ -162,6 +172,11 @@ resolveWeightView(mlir::Operation* weightOwner, mlir::Value weight, const Static
   mlir::Value current = weight;
 
   while (true) {
+    if (mlir::Value directAlias = knowledge.aliases.lookup(current); directAlias && directAlias != current) {
+      current = directAlias;
+      continue;
+    }
+
     if (auto defOp = current.getDefiningOp()) {
       if (auto getGlobalOp = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::memref::GetGlobalOp>(defOp)) {
         auto moduleOp = weightOwner ? weightOwner->getParentOfType<mlir::ModuleOp>() : mlir::ModuleOp {};
@@ -181,8 +196,6 @@ resolveWeightView(mlir::Operation* weightOwner, mlir::Value weight, const Static
         CompiledIndexExpr offsetExpr = makeConstantExpr(0);
         for (mlir::Operation* viewOp : llvm::reverse(viewOps)) {
           if (auto subview = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::memref::SubViewOp>(viewOp)) {
-            llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> nextStrides;
-            nextStrides.reserve(subview.getMixedOffsets().size());
             for (auto [offset, stride, sourceStride] :
                  llvm::zip_equal(subview.getMixedOffsets(), subview.getStaticStrides(), view.strides)) {
               CompiledIndexExpr offsetValue = makeConstantExpr(0);
@@ -202,29 +215,47 @@ resolveWeightView(mlir::Operation* weightOwner, mlir::Value weight, const Static
                 return mlir::failure();
               }
               offsetExpr = addExpr(std::move(offsetExpr), mulExpr(std::move(offsetValue), sourceStride));
-              nextStrides.push_back(stride * sourceStride);
             }
-            view.shape.assign(subview.getStaticSizes().begin(), subview.getStaticSizes().end());
-            view.strides = std::move(nextStrides);
+            auto resultType = mlir::cast<mlir::MemRefType>(subview.getResult().getType());
+            auto resultStrides = getStaticMemRefTypeStrides(resultType);
+            if (failed(resultStrides))
+              return mlir::failure();
+            view.shape.assign(resultType.getShape().begin(), resultType.getShape().end());
+            view.strides = std::move(*resultStrides);
             continue;
           }
 
           if (auto collapse = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::memref::CollapseShapeOp>(viewOp)) {
-            if (view.strides != computeRowMajorStrides(view.shape))
-              return mlir::failure();
             auto resultType = mlir::cast<mlir::MemRefType>(collapse.getResult().getType());
+            auto resultStrides = getStaticMemRefTypeStrides(resultType);
+            if (failed(resultStrides))
+              return mlir::failure();
             view.shape.assign(resultType.getShape().begin(), resultType.getShape().end());
-            view.strides = computeRowMajorStrides(view.shape);
+            view.strides = std::move(*resultStrides);
             continue;
           }
 
           if (auto expand = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::memref::ExpandShapeOp>(viewOp)) {
-            if (view.strides != computeRowMajorStrides(view.shape))
-              return mlir::failure();
             auto resultType = mlir::cast<mlir::MemRefType>(expand.getResult().getType());
+            auto resultStrides = getStaticMemRefTypeStrides(resultType);
+            if (failed(resultStrides))
+              return mlir::failure();
             view.shape.assign(resultType.getShape().begin(), resultType.getShape().end());
-            view.strides = computeRowMajorStrides(view.shape);
+            view.strides = std::move(*resultStrides);
+            continue;
           }
+
+          if (auto castOp = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::memref::CastOp>(viewOp)) {
+            auto resultType = mlir::cast<mlir::MemRefType>(castOp.getResult().getType());
+            auto resultStrides = getStaticMemRefTypeStrides(resultType);
+            if (failed(resultStrides))
+              return mlir::failure();
+            view.shape.assign(resultType.getShape().begin(), resultType.getShape().end());
+            view.strides = std::move(*resultStrides);
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          return mlir::failure();
         }
 
         auto resolvedOffset = offsetExpr.evaluate(knowledge);
@@ -234,18 +265,26 @@ resolveWeightView(mlir::Operation* weightOwner, mlir::Value weight, const Static
         return view;
       }
 
-      if (mlir::isa<mlir::memref::SubViewOp, mlir::memref::CollapseShapeOp, mlir::memref::ExpandShapeOp>(defOp)) {
+      if (auto subview = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::memref::SubViewOp>(defOp)) {
         viewOps.push_back(defOp);
-        if (auto subview = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::memref::SubViewOp>(defOp))
-          current = subview.getSource();
-        else if (auto collapse = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::memref::CollapseShapeOp>(defOp))
-          current = collapse.getSrc();
-        else
-          current = mlir::cast<mlir::memref::ExpandShapeOp>(defOp).getSrc();
+        current = subview.getSource();
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (auto collapse = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::memref::CollapseShapeOp>(defOp)) {
+        viewOps.push_back(defOp);
+        current = collapse.getSrc();
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (auto expand = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::memref::ExpandShapeOp>(defOp)) {
+        viewOps.push_back(defOp);
+        current = expand.getSrc();
         continue;
       }
 
       if (auto castOp = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::memref::CastOp>(defOp)) {
+        viewOps.push_back(defOp);
         current = castOp.getSource();
         continue;
       }
@@ -253,6 +292,11 @@ resolveWeightView(mlir::Operation* weightOwner, mlir::Value weight, const Static
       return mlir::failure();
     }
 
+    if (mlir::Value loopAlias = resolveLoopCarriedAlias(current, knowledge); loopAlias && loopAlias != current) {
+      current = loopAlias;
+      continue;
+    }
+
     auto weightIndex = resolveWeightIndex(weightOwner, current);
     if (!weightIndex)
       return mlir::failure();
diff --git a/src/PIM/Common/Support/Diagnostics.hpp b/src/PIM/Common/Support/Diagnostics.hpp
index 11e3d78..2eeebf7 100644
--- a/src/PIM/Common/Support/Diagnostics.hpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Common/Support/Diagnostics.hpp
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ struct CappedDiagnosticReporter {
       op->emitError() << "suppressed " << (numFailures - maxReportedFailures) << " additional " << failureDescription;
   }
 
+  void noteFailures(int64_t count) { numFailures += count; }
+
   bool hasFailure() const { return numFailures != 0; }
 
 private:
diff --git a/src/PIM/Compiler/CMakeLists.txt b/src/PIM/Compiler/CMakeLists.txt
index 5e66728..7d6bcc7 100644
--- a/src/PIM/Compiler/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/PIM/Compiler/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ add_pim_library(OMPimCompilerUtils
   OMPimBufferization
   OMPimMemoryCoalescing
   OMPimHostConstantFolding
-  OMPimHostConstantMaterialization
   OMPimVerification
   OMPimPasses
   OMONNXToSpatial
diff --git a/src/PIM/Compiler/PimCodeGen.cpp b/src/PIM/Compiler/PimCodeGen.cpp
index cb99ffd..669ff57 100644
--- a/src/PIM/Compiler/PimCodeGen.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Compiler/PimCodeGen.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 
 #include "Common/IR/CompactAsmUtils.hpp"
 #include "Common/PimCommon.hpp"
+#include "Common/Support/Diagnostics.hpp"
 #include "Common/Support/CheckedArithmetic.hpp"
 #include "Common/Support/ReportUtils.hpp"
 #include "Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/Common.hpp"
@@ -996,12 +997,44 @@ static SmallVector<Operation*> collectTopLevelCoreLikeOps(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
 }
 
 struct CoreEmissionResult {
+  static constexpr size_t kMaxStoredCodegenDiagnostics = 8;
+
+  struct DiagnosticRecord {
+    Operation* op = nullptr;
+    std::string message;
+  };
+
   OnnxMlirCompilerErrorCodes status = CompilerSuccess;
   MemoryReportRow reportRow;
   llvm::SmallVector<ResolvedWeightView, 8> usedWeights;
   MemoryPlanArtifacts livenessArtifacts;
+  llvm::SmallVector<DiagnosticRecord, kMaxStoredCodegenDiagnostics> diagnostics;
+  size_t diagnosticCount = 0;
+
+  void recordDiagnostic(Operation* op, StringRef message) {
+    ++diagnosticCount;
+    if (diagnostics.size() < kMaxStoredCodegenDiagnostics)
+      diagnostics.push_back({op, message.str()});
+  }
 };
 
+static StaticValueKnowledge seedCoreCodegenKnowledge(pim::PimCoreOp coreOp) {
+  StaticValueKnowledge knowledge;
+  for (auto [index, weight] : llvm::enumerate(coreOp.getWeights()))
+    knowledge.aliases[coreOp.getWeightArgument(index)] = weight;
+  return knowledge;
+}
+
+static StaticValueKnowledge seedCoreBatchCodegenKnowledge(pim::PimCoreBatchOp coreBatchOp, unsigned lane) {
+  StaticValueKnowledge knowledge;
+  knowledge.indexValues[coreBatchOp.getLaneArgument()] = lane;
+  for (auto [index, weight] : llvm::enumerate(coreBatchOp.getWeights()))
+    knowledge.aliases[coreBatchOp.getWeightArgument(index)] = weight;
+  for (auto [index, input] : llvm::enumerate(coreBatchOp.getInputs()))
+    knowledge.aliases[coreBatchOp.getInputArgument(index)] = input;
+  return knowledge;
+}
+
 template <typename MapTy>
 class ScopedMapBindings {
   using KeyTy = typename MapTy::key_type;
@@ -1422,7 +1455,20 @@ OnnxMlirCompilerErrorCodes onnx_mlir::compileToPimCode(ModuleOp& moduleOp, std::
                                  const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) -> llvm::FailureOr<unsigned> {
       auto weightView = onnx_mlir::resolveWeightView(job.coreLikeOp, vmmOp.getWeight(), knowledge);
       if (failed(weightView)) {
-        vmmOp.emitOpError("requires a statically resolvable dense global weight view during PIM codegen");
+        std::string message;
+        llvm::raw_string_ostream os(message);
+        os << "requires a statically resolvable dense global weight view during PIM codegen; weight="
+           << vmmOp.getWeight() << " type=" << vmmOp.getWeight().getType();
+        result.recordDiagnostic(vmmOp, os.str());
+        return failure();
+      }
+      if (weightView->shape.size() != 2) {
+        std::string message;
+        llvm::raw_string_ostream os(message);
+        os << "requires a rank-2 matrix weight view during PIM codegen; resolved shape=[";
+        llvm::interleaveComma(weightView->shape, os);
+        os << "] weight=" << vmmOp.getWeight() << " type=" << vmmOp.getWeight().getType();
+        result.recordDiagnostic(vmmOp, os.str());
         return failure();
       }
 
@@ -1463,13 +1509,13 @@ OnnxMlirCompilerErrorCodes onnx_mlir::compileToPimCode(ModuleOp& moduleOp, std::
       auto& deviceMemory = jobMemory.getOrCreateDeviceMem(job.emittedCoreId);
       deviceMemory.allocateCore(coreOp);
 
-      int64_t processedOperations = codeGenCoreOps(
-        coreOp.getBody().front(), coreCodeGen, StaticValueKnowledge {}, coreOp.getOperation(), resolveWeightSlot);
+      StaticValueKnowledge knowledge = seedCoreCodegenKnowledge(coreOp);
+      int64_t processedOperations =
+        codeGenCoreOps(coreOp.getBody().front(), coreCodeGen, knowledge, coreOp.getOperation(), resolveWeightSlot);
       if (processedOperations < 0) {
         result.status = CompilerFailure;
         return result;
       }
-      assert(processedOperations > 0);
       result.reportRow = deviceMemory.getReportRow();
       result.usedWeights = std::move(usedWeights);
       result.livenessArtifacts = deviceMemory.getLivenessArtifacts();
@@ -1480,10 +1526,7 @@ OnnxMlirCompilerErrorCodes onnx_mlir::compileToPimCode(ModuleOp& moduleOp, std::
       auto& deviceMemory = jobMemory.getOrCreateDeviceMem(job.emittedCoreId);
 
       for (unsigned lane : job.lanes) {
-        StaticValueKnowledge knowledge;
-        knowledge.indexValues[coreBatchOp.getLaneArgument()] = lane;
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < coreBatchOp.getInputs().size(); ++i)
-          knowledge.aliases[coreBatchOp.getInputArgument(i)] = coreBatchOp.getInputs()[i];
+        StaticValueKnowledge knowledge = seedCoreBatchCodegenKnowledge(coreBatchOp, lane);
 
         deviceMemory.allocateCore(coreBatchOp, lane);
         coreCodeGen.setBatchLane(lane);
@@ -1498,7 +1541,6 @@ OnnxMlirCompilerErrorCodes onnx_mlir::compileToPimCode(ModuleOp& moduleOp, std::
           result.status = CompilerFailure;
           return result;
         }
-        assert(processedOperations > 0);
       }
 
       result.reportRow = deviceMemory.getReportRow();
@@ -1522,6 +1564,21 @@ OnnxMlirCompilerErrorCodes onnx_mlir::compileToPimCode(ModuleOp& moduleOp, std::
   mlir::parallelFor(
     moduleOp.getContext(), 0, jobs.size(), [&](size_t index) { jobResults[index] = emitJob(jobs[index]); });
 
+  pim::CappedDiagnosticReporter diagnostics;
+  Operation* summaryAnchor = nullptr;
+  for (const CoreEmissionResult& result : jobResults) {
+    if (!summaryAnchor && !result.diagnostics.empty())
+      summaryAnchor = result.diagnostics.front().op;
+    for (const CoreEmissionResult::DiagnosticRecord& diagnostic : result.diagnostics) {
+      diagnostics.report(diagnostic.op, [&](Operation* op) { op->emitError() << diagnostic.message; });
+    }
+    size_t unreportedCount = result.diagnosticCount - result.diagnostics.size();
+    diagnostics.noteFailures(static_cast<int64_t>(unreportedCount));
+  }
+  if (diagnostics.hasFailure())
+    diagnostics.emitSuppressedSummary(summaryAnchor ? summaryAnchor : moduleOp.getOperation(),
+                                      "PIM codegen diagnostic(s)");
+
   for (size_t jobIndex = 0; jobIndex < jobs.size(); ++jobIndex)
     if (jobResults[jobIndex].status != CompilerSuccess)
       return jobResults[jobIndex].status;
diff --git a/src/PIM/Compiler/PimCompilerUtils.cpp b/src/PIM/Compiler/PimCompilerUtils.cpp
index 2d111cc..5035379 100644
--- a/src/PIM/Compiler/PimCompilerUtils.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Compiler/PimCompilerUtils.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ void addPassesPim(OwningOpRef<ModuleOp>& module,
   if (pimEmissionTarget >= EmitPimCodegen) {
     pm.addPass(createPimHostConstantFoldingPass());
     pm.addPass(createMessagePass("Pim host constants folded"));
-    pm.addPass(createPimMaterializeHostConstantsPass());
     pm.addPass(createPimMemoryCoalescingPass());
     pm.addPass(createPimVerificationPass());
     pm.addPass(createMessagePass("Pim verified"));
diff --git a/src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/ReturnPathNormalization.cpp b/src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/ReturnPathNormalization.cpp
index 11dccf4..c61ffb1 100644
--- a/src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/ReturnPathNormalization.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/ReturnPathNormalization.cpp
@@ -375,6 +375,57 @@ static void cloneHelperChain(Value sourceValue,
   }
 }
 
+static bool isHostStaticReturnValue(Value value) {
+  llvm::SmallPtrSet<Operation*, 8> visited;
+  while (Operation* definingOp = value.getDefiningOp()) {
+    if (!visited.insert(definingOp).second)
+      return false;
+    if (isa<arith::ConstantOp>(definingOp) || definingOp->hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>())
+      return true;
+    if (!isReturnHelperChainOp(definingOp) || definingOp->getNumOperands() != 1)
+      return false;
+    value = definingOp->getOperand(0);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static FailureOr<Value>
+materializeHostStaticReturnValue(IRRewriter& rewriter, Value value, OperationFolder& constantFolder) {
+  llvm::SmallVector<Operation*> chain;
+  llvm::SmallPtrSet<Operation*, 8> visited;
+  while (Operation* definingOp = value.getDefiningOp()) {
+    if (!visited.insert(definingOp).second)
+      return failure();
+    chain.push_back(definingOp);
+    if (isa<arith::ConstantOp>(definingOp) || definingOp->hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>())
+      break;
+    if (!isReturnHelperChainOp(definingOp) || definingOp->getNumOperands() != 1)
+      return failure();
+    value = definingOp->getOperand(0);
+  }
+
+  if (chain.empty())
+    return failure();
+
+  IRMapping mapping;
+  Value clonedValue;
+  for (Operation* op : llvm::reverse(chain)) {
+    if (auto constantOp = dyn_cast<arith::ConstantOp>(op)) {
+      clonedValue = getOrCreateConstantLike(constantFolder, constantOp);
+      mapping.map(op->getResult(0), clonedValue);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    Operation* clonedOp = rewriter.clone(*op, mapping);
+    for (auto [originalResult, newResult] : llvm::zip(op->getResults(), clonedOp->getResults()))
+      mapping.map(originalResult, newResult);
+    clonedValue = clonedOp->getResult(0);
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(clonedOp);
+  }
+
+  return clonedValue;
+}
+
 static FailureOr<Value> emitHostCopy(IRRewriter& rewriter,
                                      Location loc,
                                      Value outputTensor,
@@ -444,7 +495,30 @@ raptor::SpatialToPimPass::ReturnPathLoweringResult raptor::SpatialToPimPass::low
   OperationFolder constantFolder(producerOp->getContext());
   auto storedTensorType = cast<TensorType>(storedValue.getType());
 
+  auto materializeDirectHostReturn = [&](size_t returnIndex,
+                                         Value sourceValue,
+                                         ArrayRef<Operation*> helperChain) -> ReturnPathLoweringResult {
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(producerOp);
+    auto hostStaticValue = materializeHostStaticReturnValue(rewriter, sourceValue, constantFolder);
+    if (failed(hostStaticValue))
+      return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Failure;
+
+    Value hostReturnValue = *hostStaticValue;
+    if (!helperChain.empty())
+      cloneHelperChain(hostReturnValue, helperChain, rewriter, constantFolder, hostReturnValue);
+
+    outputTensors[returnIndex] =
+      [hostReturnValue](IRRewriter& rewriter, Location loc) -> Value { return hostReturnValue; };
+    return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Handled;
+  };
+
   if (auto returnUse = analyzeReturnUse(producedValue)) {
+    if (isHostStaticReturnValue(storedValue)) {
+      for (Operation* op : returnUse->helperChain)
+        markOpToRemove(op);
+      return materializeDirectHostReturn(returnUse->returnIndex, storedValue, returnUse->helperChain);
+    }
+
     Value currentStoredValue = storedValue;
     cloneHelperChain(storedValue, returnUse->helperChain, rewriter, constantFolder, currentStoredValue);
     for (Operation* op : returnUse->helperChain)
@@ -470,6 +544,8 @@ raptor::SpatialToPimPass::ReturnPathLoweringResult raptor::SpatialToPimPass::low
 
     if (isa<func::ReturnOp>(resultUser)) {
       size_t resultIndexInReturn = resultUse.getOperandNumber();
+      if (isHostStaticReturnValue(storedValue))
+        return materializeDirectHostReturn(resultIndexInReturn, storedValue, {});
       auto byteSize =
         pim::getCheckedShapedTypeSizeInBytes(storedTensorType, producerOp, "return-path host copy byte size");
       if (failed(byteSize))
diff --git a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/CMakeLists.txt b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/CMakeLists.txt
index 0e3d18d..6eebe9a 100644
--- a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ add_onnx_mlir_dialect_doc(pim Pim.td)
 add_subdirectory(Transforms/Bufferization)
 add_subdirectory(Transforms/MemoryCoalescing)
 add_subdirectory(Transforms/HostConstantFolding)
-add_subdirectory(Transforms/HostConstantMaterialization)
 add_subdirectory(Transforms/Verification)
 
 add_pim_library(PimOps
diff --git a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/BufferizationUtils.cpp b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/BufferizationUtils.cpp
index de22489..b553766 100644
--- a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/BufferizationUtils.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/BufferizationUtils.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/CheckedArithmetic.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/BufferizationUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/Common.hpp"
 
 using namespace mlir;
 using namespace bufferization;
@@ -13,7 +14,9 @@ using namespace bufferization;
 namespace onnx_mlir::pim {
 
 FailureOr<Value> materializeContiguousInputMemRef(Value memrefValue, Location loc, RewriterBase& rewriter) {
-  if (succeeded(resolveContiguousAddress(memrefValue)) || succeeded(compileContiguousAddressExpr(memrefValue)))
+  bool isContiguous =
+    succeeded(resolveContiguousAddress(memrefValue)) || succeeded(compileContiguousAddressExpr(memrefValue));
+  if (isContiguous && isDeviceLocalPimAddress(memrefValue))
     return memrefValue;
 
   auto shapedType = cast<ShapedType>(memrefValue.getType());
@@ -29,13 +32,21 @@ FailureOr<Value> materializeContiguousInputMemRef(Value memrefValue, Location lo
   if (failed(sizeAttr))
     return failure();
 
+  if (isHostBackedPimAddress(memrefValue)) {
+    return PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(
+             rewriter, loc, contiguousType, zeroOffset, zeroOffset, contiguousBuffer, memrefValue, *sizeAttr)
+      .getOutput();
+  }
+
   return PimMemCopyOp::create(
            rewriter, loc, contiguousType, zeroOffset, zeroOffset, contiguousBuffer, memrefValue, *sizeAttr)
     .getOutput();
 }
 
 Value allocateContiguousResultMemRefLike(Value memrefValue, Location loc, RewriterBase& rewriter) {
-  if (succeeded(resolveContiguousAddress(memrefValue)) || succeeded(compileContiguousAddressExpr(memrefValue)))
+  bool isContiguous =
+    succeeded(resolveContiguousAddress(memrefValue)) || succeeded(compileContiguousAddressExpr(memrefValue));
+  if (isContiguous && isDeviceLocalPimAddress(memrefValue))
     return memrefValue;
 
   auto shapedType = cast<ShapedType>(memrefValue.getType());
diff --git a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/Common.cpp b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/Common.cpp
index 321347e..129078d 100644
--- a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/Common.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/Common.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,70 @@
 #include "Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/Common.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/CheckedArithmetic.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.hpp"
 
 using namespace mlir;
 
+static bool isCoreBatchInputArgument(Value value) {
+  auto blockArg = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(value);
+  if (!blockArg)
+    return false;
+
+  auto coreBatchOp = dyn_cast_or_null<onnx_mlir::pim::PimCoreBatchOp>(blockArg.getOwner()->getParentOp());
+  if (!coreBatchOp)
+    return false;
+
+  unsigned firstInputArg = 1 + coreBatchOp.getWeights().size();
+  return static_cast<unsigned>(blockArg.getArgNumber()) >= firstInputArg;
+}
+
+static FailureOr<Value> getPimStorageBase(Value value, const onnx_mlir::StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) {
+  llvm::SmallPtrSet<Value, 8> visited;
+  while (value && visited.insert(value).second) {
+    Value alias = resolveLoopCarriedAlias(value, knowledge);
+    if (alias)
+      value = alias;
+
+    if (auto aliased = knowledge.aliases.lookup(value)) {
+      value = aliased;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (auto base = onnx_mlir::pim::getPimAddressBase(value, knowledge); succeeded(base))
+      return base;
+
+    if (isa<BlockArgument>(value))
+      return value;
+
+    Operation* definingOp = value.getDefiningOp();
+    if (!definingOp)
+      return value;
+
+    if (auto subviewOp = dyn_cast<memref::SubViewOp>(definingOp)) {
+      value = subviewOp.getSource();
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (auto collapseOp = dyn_cast<memref::CollapseShapeOp>(definingOp)) {
+      value = collapseOp.getSrc();
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (auto expandOp = dyn_cast<memref::ExpandShapeOp>(definingOp)) {
+      value = expandOp.getSrc();
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (auto castOp = dyn_cast<memref::CastOp>(definingOp)) {
+      value = castOp.getSource();
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  if (value)
+    return value;
+  return failure();
+}
+
 FailureOr<IntegerAttr> onnx_mlir::pim::getMemRefSizeInBytesAttr(OpBuilder& builder, Operation* anchor, Value memref) {
   auto type = mlir::cast<MemRefType>(memref.getType());
   auto byteSize = getCheckedShapedTypeSizeInBytes(type, anchor, "memref byte size");
@@ -11,3 +72,40 @@ FailureOr<IntegerAttr> onnx_mlir::pim::getMemRefSizeInBytesAttr(OpBuilder& build
     return failure();
   return getCheckedI32Attr(builder, anchor, *byteSize, "memref byte size");
 }
+
+FailureOr<Value> onnx_mlir::pim::getPimAddressBase(Value value, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) {
+  Value alias = resolveLoopCarriedAlias(value, knowledge);
+  if (alias)
+    value = alias;
+
+  auto resolved = resolveContiguousAddress(value, knowledge);
+  if (succeeded(resolved))
+    return resolved->base;
+
+  auto compiled = compileContiguousAddressExpr(value);
+  if (failed(compiled)) {
+    if (isa<BlockArgument>(value))
+      return value;
+    return failure();
+  }
+  return compiled->base;
+}
+
+bool onnx_mlir::pim::isHostBackedPimAddress(Value value, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) {
+  auto base = getPimStorageBase(value, knowledge);
+  if (failed(base))
+    return false;
+
+  if (isCoreBatchInputArgument(*base))
+    return true;
+
+  return isa_and_nonnull<memref::GetGlobalOp>(base->getDefiningOp());
+}
+
+bool onnx_mlir::pim::isDeviceLocalPimAddress(Value value, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) {
+  auto base = getPimStorageBase(value, knowledge);
+  if (failed(base))
+    return false;
+
+  return isa_and_nonnull<memref::AllocOp>(base->getDefiningOp());
+}
diff --git a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/Common.hpp b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/Common.hpp
index 6816d62..37b1295 100644
--- a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/Common.hpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/Common.hpp
@@ -2,11 +2,19 @@
 
 #include "mlir/Dialect/MemRef/IR/MemRef.h"
 
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/AddressAnalysis.hpp"
+
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 namespace pim {
 
 mlir::FailureOr<mlir::IntegerAttr>
 getMemRefSizeInBytesAttr(mlir::OpBuilder& builder, mlir::Operation* anchor, mlir::Value memref);
 
+mlir::FailureOr<mlir::Value> getPimAddressBase(mlir::Value value, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge = {});
+
+bool isHostBackedPimAddress(mlir::Value value, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge = {});
+
+bool isDeviceLocalPimAddress(mlir::Value value, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge = {});
+
 } // namespace pim
 } // namespace onnx_mlir
diff --git a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/PimBufferizationPass.cpp b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/PimBufferizationPass.cpp
index 01e35c4..bb8e35b 100644
--- a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/PimBufferizationPass.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/PimBufferizationPass.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "mlir/Pass/Pass.h"
 #include "mlir/Rewrite/PatternApplicator.h"
 
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
 
 #include "Common/PimCommon.hpp"
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "Dialect/Pim/PimOps.hpp"
 #include "Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/Common.hpp"
 #include "Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/ContiguityPatterns.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/CoreBlockUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Pass/PIMPasses.h"
 #include "src/Compiler/CompilerOptions.hpp"
@@ -27,24 +29,71 @@ namespace onnx_mlir {
 
 namespace {
 
-struct MemRefCopyToPimMemCopyPattern final : OpRewritePattern<memref::CopyOp> {
-  using OpRewritePattern::OpRewritePattern;
+struct MemRefCopyWorkItem {
+  memref::CopyOp copyOp;
+  StaticValueKnowledge knowledge;
+};
 
-  LogicalResult matchAndRewrite(memref::CopyOp copyOp, PatternRewriter& rewriter) const override {
-    if (!copyOp->getParentOfType<pim::PimCoreOp>() && !copyOp->getParentOfType<pim::PimCoreBatchOp>())
-      return failure();
+static StaticValueKnowledge seedCoreKnowledge(pim::PimCoreOp coreOp) {
+  StaticValueKnowledge knowledge;
+  for (auto [index, weight] : llvm::enumerate(coreOp.getWeights()))
+    knowledge.aliases[coreOp.getWeightArgument(index)] = weight;
+  return knowledge;
+}
 
-    auto sourceType = dyn_cast<MemRefType>(copyOp.getSource().getType());
-    auto targetType = dyn_cast<MemRefType>(copyOp.getTarget().getType());
-    if (!sourceType || !targetType || !sourceType.hasStaticShape() || !targetType.hasStaticShape())
-      return failure();
-    if (sourceType.getElementType() != targetType.getElementType())
-      return failure();
+static StaticValueKnowledge seedCoreBatchKnowledge(pim::PimCoreBatchOp coreBatchOp, unsigned lane) {
+  StaticValueKnowledge knowledge;
+  knowledge.indexValues[coreBatchOp.getLaneArgument()] = lane;
+  for (auto [index, weight] : llvm::enumerate(coreBatchOp.getWeights()))
+    knowledge.aliases[coreBatchOp.getWeightArgument(index)] = weight;
+  for (auto [index, input] : llvm::enumerate(coreBatchOp.getInputs()))
+    knowledge.aliases[coreBatchOp.getInputArgument(index)] = input;
+  return knowledge;
+}
 
-    Value zeroOffset = getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, copyOp, 0);
-    auto sizeAttr = getMemRefSizeInBytesAttr(rewriter, copyOp.getOperation(), copyOp.getSource());
-    if (failed(sizeAttr))
-      return failure();
+static LogicalResult
+lowerMemRefCopyToPimCopy(memref::CopyOp copyOp, PatternRewriter& rewriter, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) {
+  if (!copyOp->getParentOfType<pim::PimCoreOp>() && !copyOp->getParentOfType<pim::PimCoreBatchOp>())
+    return failure();
+
+  auto sourceType = dyn_cast<MemRefType>(copyOp.getSource().getType());
+  auto targetType = dyn_cast<MemRefType>(copyOp.getTarget().getType());
+  if (!sourceType || !targetType || !sourceType.hasStaticShape() || !targetType.hasStaticShape())
+    return failure();
+  if (sourceType.getElementType() != targetType.getElementType())
+    return failure();
+
+  Value zeroOffset = getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, copyOp, 0);
+  auto sizeAttr = getMemRefSizeInBytesAttr(rewriter, copyOp.getOperation(), copyOp.getSource());
+  if (failed(sizeAttr))
+    return failure();
+
+  bool sourceIsHost = isHostBackedPimAddress(copyOp.getSource(), knowledge);
+  bool targetIsHost = isHostBackedPimAddress(copyOp.getTarget(), knowledge);
+  bool sourceIsDevice = isDeviceLocalPimAddress(copyOp.getSource(), knowledge);
+  bool targetIsDevice = isDeviceLocalPimAddress(copyOp.getTarget(), knowledge);
+
+  if (targetIsDevice && sourceIsHost) {
+    pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(rewriter,
+                                       copyOp.getLoc(),
+                                       copyOp.getTarget().getType(),
+                                       zeroOffset,
+                                       zeroOffset,
+                                       copyOp.getTarget(),
+                                       copyOp.getSource(),
+                                       *sizeAttr);
+  }
+  else if (targetIsHost && sourceIsDevice) {
+    pim::PimMemCopyDevToHostOp::create(rewriter,
+                                       copyOp.getLoc(),
+                                       copyOp.getTarget().getType(),
+                                       zeroOffset,
+                                       zeroOffset,
+                                       copyOp.getTarget(),
+                                       copyOp.getSource(),
+                                       *sizeAttr);
+  }
+  else if (targetIsDevice && sourceIsDevice) {
     pim::PimMemCopyOp::create(rewriter,
                               copyOp.getLoc(),
                               copyOp.getTarget().getType(),
@@ -53,10 +102,19 @@ struct MemRefCopyToPimMemCopyPattern final : OpRewritePattern<memref::CopyOp> {
                               copyOp.getTarget(),
                               copyOp.getSource(),
                               *sizeAttr);
-    rewriter.eraseOp(copyOp);
-    return success();
   }
-};
+  else {
+    copyOp.emitOpError() << "failed to classify memref.copy endpoints: source=" << copyOp.getSource()
+                         << " type=" << copyOp.getSource().getType() << " host=" << sourceIsHost
+                         << " device=" << sourceIsDevice << ", target=" << copyOp.getTarget()
+                         << " type=" << copyOp.getTarget().getType() << " host=" << targetIsHost
+                         << " device=" << targetIsDevice;
+    return failure();
+  }
+
+  rewriter.eraseOp(copyOp);
+  return success();
+}
 
 struct PimBufferizationPass : PassWrapper<PimBufferizationPass, OperationPass<ModuleOp>> {
   MLIR_DEFINE_EXPLICIT_INTERNAL_INLINE_TYPE_ID(PimBufferizationPass)
@@ -100,25 +158,46 @@ void PimBufferizationPass::runOnOperation() {
   }
 
   MLIRContext* ctx = moduleOp.getContext();
-  RewritePatternSet memrefCopyPatterns(ctx);
-  memrefCopyPatterns.add<MemRefCopyToPimMemCopyPattern>(ctx);
-  FrozenRewritePatternSet frozenMemrefCopyPatterns(std::move(memrefCopyPatterns));
-  PatternApplicator memrefCopyApplicator(frozenMemrefCopyPatterns);
-  memrefCopyApplicator.applyDefaultCostModel();
   PatternRewriter rewriter(ctx);
 
-  SmallVector<memref::CopyOp> copyWorklist;
-  moduleOp.walk([&](memref::CopyOp copyOp) {
-    if (copyOp->getParentOfType<pim::PimCoreOp>() || copyOp->getParentOfType<pim::PimCoreBatchOp>())
-      copyWorklist.push_back(copyOp);
+  SmallVector<MemRefCopyWorkItem> copyWorklist;
+  llvm::SmallPtrSet<Operation*, 16> seenCopyOps;
+  auto addCopyOp = [&](memref::CopyOp copyOp, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) {
+    if (seenCopyOps.insert(copyOp.getOperation()).second)
+      copyWorklist.push_back({copyOp, knowledge});
+  };
+
+  moduleOp.walk([&](pim::PimCoreOp coreOp) {
+    StaticValueKnowledge knowledge = seedCoreKnowledge(coreOp);
+    (void) walkPimCoreBlockStructurally(
+      coreOp.getBody().front(), knowledge, [&](Operation& op, const StaticValueKnowledge& opKnowledge) {
+        if (auto copyOp = dyn_cast<memref::CopyOp>(&op))
+          addCopyOp(copyOp, opKnowledge);
+        return success();
+      });
+  });
+  moduleOp.walk([&](pim::PimCoreBatchOp coreBatchOp) {
+    llvm::SmallVector<unsigned, 2> lanes;
+    lanes.push_back(0);
+    if (coreBatchOp.getLaneCount() > 1)
+      lanes.push_back(static_cast<unsigned>(coreBatchOp.getLaneCount() - 1));
+    for (unsigned lane : lanes) {
+      StaticValueKnowledge knowledge = seedCoreBatchKnowledge(coreBatchOp, lane);
+      (void) walkPimCoreBlockStructurally(
+        coreBatchOp.getBody().front(), knowledge, [&](Operation& op, const StaticValueKnowledge& opKnowledge) {
+          if (auto copyOp = dyn_cast<memref::CopyOp>(&op))
+            addCopyOp(copyOp, opKnowledge);
+          return success();
+        });
+    }
   });
 
   bool hasFailed = false;
-  for (memref::CopyOp copyOp : copyWorklist) {
-    if (failed(applyPatternsOnce(copyOp, memrefCopyApplicator, rewriter))) {
-      copyOp.emitOpError("failed to lower memref.copy inside PIM core body");
+  for (const MemRefCopyWorkItem& workItem : copyWorklist) {
+    memref::CopyOp copyOp = workItem.copyOp;
+    rewriter.setInsertionPoint(copyOp);
+    if (failed(lowerMemRefCopyToPimCopy(copyOp, rewriter, workItem.knowledge)))
       hasFailed = true;
-    }
   }
   if (hasFailed) {
     signalPassFailure();
diff --git a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/HostConstantFolding/Patterns/Constant.cpp b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/HostConstantFolding/Patterns/Constant.cpp
index 2fa900f..fd870b8 100644
--- a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/HostConstantFolding/Patterns/Constant.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/HostConstantFolding/Patterns/Constant.cpp
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ struct FoldConstantCoreMapPattern final : OpRewritePattern<linalg::MapOp> {
     auto sizeAttr = pim::getCheckedI32Attr(rewriter, mapOp, *sizeInBytes, "host constant folding byte size");
     if (failed(sizeAttr))
       return failure();
-    pim::PimMemCopyOp::create(
+    pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(
       rewriter, mapOp.getLoc(), initType, zeroOffset, zeroOffset, mapOp.getInit(), getGlobalOp.getResult(), *sizeAttr);
     rewriter.eraseOp(mapOp);
     return success();
diff --git a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/HostConstantMaterialization/CMakeLists.txt b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/HostConstantMaterialization/CMakeLists.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index c2105c2..0000000
--- a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/HostConstantMaterialization/CMakeLists.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-add_pim_library(OMPimHostConstantMaterialization
-  MaterializeHostConstantsPass.cpp
-
-  EXCLUDE_FROM_OM_LIBS
-
-  LINK_LIBS PUBLIC
-  OMPimCommon
-  PimOps
-)
diff --git a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/HostConstantMaterialization/MaterializeHostConstantsPass.cpp b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/HostConstantMaterialization/MaterializeHostConstantsPass.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 97850a3..0000000
--- a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/HostConstantMaterialization/MaterializeHostConstantsPass.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-#include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
-#include "mlir/Dialect/MemRef/IR/MemRef.h"
-#include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/Builders.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/Dominance.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/PatternMatch.h"
-#include "mlir/Pass/Pass.h"
-
-#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
-#include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h"
-
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/BatchCoreUtils.hpp"
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/CheckedArithmetic.hpp"
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.hpp"
-
-using namespace mlir;
-
-namespace onnx_mlir {
-
-namespace {
-
-template <typename CoreOpTy>
-static void materializeHostConstantsInCore(CoreOpTy coreOp,
-                                           IRRewriter& rewriter,
-                                           OperationFolder& constantFolder,
-                                           bool& hasFailure) {
-  DenseMap<Value, DenseMap<int64_t, DenseMap<Type, Value>>> materializedValues;
-  DominanceInfo dominance(coreOp);
-  SmallVector<Operation*> ops;
-  coreOp.getBody().front().walk([&](Operation* op) {
-    if (!isa<pim::PimHaltOp, scf::YieldOp>(op))
-      ops.push_back(op);
-  });
-
-  for (Operation* op : ops) {
-    if (auto loadOp = dyn_cast<memref::LoadOp>(op); loadOp && loadOp.getType().isIndex())
-      continue;
-
-    for (OpOperand& operand : op->getOpOperands()) {
-      Value originalValue = operand.get();
-      if (!isa<BaseMemRefType>(originalValue.getType()) || isExplicitHostMemCopyOperand(op, operand.getOperandNumber()))
-        continue;
-
-      auto resolvedAddress = resolveContiguousAddress(originalValue);
-      if (failed(resolvedAddress))
-        continue;
-
-      auto getGlobalOp = dyn_cast_or_null<memref::GetGlobalOp>(resolvedAddress->base.getDefiningOp());
-      if (!getGlobalOp)
-        continue;
-
-      auto originalType = dyn_cast<MemRefType>(originalValue.getType());
-      if (!originalType || !originalType.hasStaticShape()) {
-        op->emitOpError("host constant materialization requires a static memref operand");
-        hasFailure = true;
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      auto& cachedByOffset = materializedValues[resolvedAddress->base];
-      auto& cachedByType = cachedByOffset[resolvedAddress->byteOffset];
-      auto cachedValue = cachedByType.find(originalType);
-      if (cachedValue != cachedByType.end() && dominance.properlyDominates(cachedValue->second, op)) {
-        operand.set(cachedValue->second);
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      auto type = dyn_cast<ShapedType>(originalValue.getType());
-      auto totalBytes = type ? pim::getCheckedShapedTypeSizeInBytes(type, op, "host constant materialization byte size")
-                             : FailureOr<uint64_t>(failure());
-      auto totalBytesAttr =
-        succeeded(totalBytes)
-          ? pim::getCheckedI32Attr(rewriter, op, *totalBytes, "host constant materialization byte size")
-          : FailureOr<IntegerAttr>(failure());
-      if (failed(totalBytesAttr)
-          || failed(pim::checkedSize(resolvedAddress->byteOffset, op, "host constant materialization byte offset"))) {
-        hasFailure = true;
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      auto contiguousType = MemRefType::get(originalType.getShape(), originalType.getElementType());
-
-      rewriter.setInsertionPoint(op);
-      Value localAlloc = memref::AllocOp::create(rewriter, op->getLoc(), contiguousType);
-      Value deviceDst = localAlloc;
-      if (contiguousType != originalType)
-        deviceDst = memref::CastOp::create(rewriter, op->getLoc(), originalType, localAlloc);
-
-      Value zeroOffset = getOrCreateIndexConstant(constantFolder, op, 0);
-      Value hostOffset = getOrCreateIndexConstant(constantFolder, op, resolvedAddress->byteOffset);
-      Value copiedValue = pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(rewriter,
-                                                             op->getLoc(),
-                                                             originalType,
-                                                             zeroOffset,
-                                                             hostOffset,
-                                                             deviceDst,
-                                                             getGlobalOp.getResult(),
-                                                             *totalBytesAttr)
-                            .getOutput();
-
-      cachedByType[originalType] = copiedValue;
-      operand.set(copiedValue);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-struct MaterializeHostConstantsPass : PassWrapper<MaterializeHostConstantsPass, OperationPass<ModuleOp>> {
-  MLIR_DEFINE_EXPLICIT_INTERNAL_INLINE_TYPE_ID(MaterializeHostConstantsPass)
-
-  StringRef getArgument() const override { return "materialize-pim-host-constants"; }
-  StringRef getDescription() const override {
-    return "Materialize explicit host-to-device copies for constant globals used by PIM runtime ops";
-  }
-
-  void runOnOperation() override {
-    ModuleOp moduleOp = getOperation();
-    IRRewriter rewriter(moduleOp.getContext());
-    OperationFolder constantFolder(moduleOp.getContext());
-    bool hasFailure = false;
-
-    for (func::FuncOp funcOp : moduleOp.getOps<func::FuncOp>()) {
-      if (funcOp.isExternal())
-        continue;
-
-      for (pim::PimCoreOp coreOp : funcOp.getOps<pim::PimCoreOp>())
-        materializeHostConstantsInCore(coreOp, rewriter, constantFolder, hasFailure);
-
-      for (pim::PimCoreBatchOp coreBatchOp : funcOp.getOps<pim::PimCoreBatchOp>())
-        materializeHostConstantsInCore(coreBatchOp, rewriter, constantFolder, hasFailure);
-
-      SmallVector<Operation*> hostCompactOps;
-      for (Operation& op : funcOp.getBody().front())
-        if (isa<pim::PimConcatOp>(op))
-          hostCompactOps.push_back(&op);
-
-      for (Operation* op : hostCompactOps) {
-        rewriter.setInsertionPoint(op);
-        auto concatOp = cast<pim::PimConcatOp>(op);
-        concatOp.emitOpError("host-side concat must be folded away or lowered into pim.core before materialization");
-        hasFailure = true;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (hasFailure) {
-      moduleOp.emitError("PIM host-constant materialization failed; see diagnostics above");
-      signalPassFailure();
-      return;
-    }
-
-    dumpModule(moduleOp, "pim4_materialized");
-  }
-};
-
-} // namespace
-
-std::unique_ptr<Pass> createPimMaterializeHostConstantsPass() {
-  return std::make_unique<MaterializeHostConstantsPass>();
-}
-
-} // namespace onnx_mlir
diff --git a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Verification/VerificationPass.cpp b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Verification/VerificationPass.cpp
index 68969d6..eb07f1c 100644
--- a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Verification/VerificationPass.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Verification/VerificationPass.cpp
@@ -46,19 +46,6 @@ static bool isCodegenAddressableValue(Value value) {
       || isa<memref::AllocOp, memref::GetGlobalOp>(compiledAddress->base.getDefiningOp());
 }
 
-static bool isCodegenAddressableValue(Value value, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) {
-  auto resolvedAddress = resolveContiguousAddress(value, knowledge);
-  if (succeeded(resolvedAddress))
-    return isa<BlockArgument>(resolvedAddress->base)
-        || isa<memref::AllocOp, memref::GetGlobalOp>(resolvedAddress->base.getDefiningOp());
-
-  auto compiledAddress = compileContiguousAddressExpr(value);
-  if (failed(compiledAddress))
-    return false;
-  return isa<BlockArgument>(compiledAddress->base)
-      || isa<memref::AllocOp, memref::GetGlobalOp>(compiledAddress->base.getDefiningOp());
-}
-
 static bool isConstantGlobalView(Value value) {
   while (true) {
     Operation* defOp = value.getDefiningOp();
@@ -138,6 +125,24 @@ static bool isSupportedCoreInstructionOp(Operation* op) {
              memref::GetGlobalOp>(op);
 }
 
+static bool isHostAddressableValue(Value value, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) {
+  auto resolvedAddress = resolveContiguousAddress(value, knowledge);
+  Value base;
+  if (succeeded(resolvedAddress)) {
+    base = resolvedAddress->base;
+  }
+  else {
+    auto compiledAddress = compileContiguousAddressExpr(value);
+    if (failed(compiledAddress))
+      return false;
+    base = compiledAddress->base;
+  }
+
+  if (isa<BlockArgument>(base))
+    return true;
+  return isa_and_nonnull<memref::GetGlobalOp>(base.getDefiningOp());
+}
+
 struct VerificationPass : PassWrapper<VerificationPass, OperationPass<ModuleOp>> {
   MLIR_DEFINE_EXPLICIT_INTERNAL_INLINE_TYPE_ID(VerificationPass)
 
@@ -311,10 +316,10 @@ private:
           }
 
           if (isExplicitHostMemCopyOperand(&op, operandIndex)) {
-            if (!isCodegenAddressableValue(operand, knowledge)) {
+            if (!isHostAddressableValue(operand, knowledge)) {
               diagnostics.report(&op, [&](Operation* illegalOp) {
                 illegalOp->emitOpError() << "host operand #" << operandIndex
-                                         << " is not backed by contiguous addressable storage";
+                                         << " must be backed by host-addressable storage";
               });
               hasFailure = true;
             }
diff --git a/src/PIM/Pass/PIMPasses.h b/src/PIM/Pass/PIMPasses.h
index fe817ba..515f459 100644
--- a/src/PIM/Pass/PIMPasses.h
+++ b/src/PIM/Pass/PIMPasses.h
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ std::unique_ptr<mlir::Pass> createMergeComputeNodesPass();
 
 std::unique_ptr<mlir::Pass> createPimHostConstantFoldingPass();
 
-std::unique_ptr<mlir::Pass> createPimMaterializeHostConstantsPass();
-
 std::unique_ptr<mlir::Pass> createPimVerificationPass();
 
 std::unique_ptr<mlir::Pass> createEmitPimCodePass();
diff --git a/src/PIM/PimAccelerator.cpp b/src/PIM/PimAccelerator.cpp
index 98ab342..5afc09a 100644
--- a/src/PIM/PimAccelerator.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/PimAccelerator.cpp
@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ void PimAccelerator::registerPasses(int optLevel) const {
   registerPass(createPimMemoryCoalescingPass);
   registerPass(createMergeComputeNodesPass);
   registerPass(createPimHostConstantFoldingPass);
-  registerPass(createPimMaterializeHostConstantsPass);
   registerPass(createPimVerificationPass);
   registerPass(createEmitPimCodePass);
 }
diff --git a/validation/raptor.py b/validation/raptor.py
index 7f3d6f7..939bcec 100644
--- a/validation/raptor.py
+++ b/validation/raptor.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ PIM_PASS_LABELS = (
     ("SpatialToPimPass", "Spatial to PIM"),
     ("PimBufferizationPass", "Bufferize PIM"),
     ("HostConstantFoldingPass", "Fold Host Constants"),
-    ("MaterializeHostConstantsPass", "Materialize Host Constants"),
     ("VerificationPass", "Verify PIM"),
     ("EmitPimCodePass", "Emit PIM Code"),
 )