refactorone

README.md

@@ -145,6 +145,46 @@ validate.py \
     --crossbar-size 2048 --crossbar-count 256 --core-count 1000
 ```
 
+Each validation run writes debugging artifacts into the benchmark's workspace
+directory (for example `validation/operations/gemm/small/`):
+- `inputs/` — generated input CSVs used for the run.
+- `outputs/` — reference outputs dumped by the native ONNX runner.
+- `raptor/` — compiler artifacts:
+  `*.onnx.mlir`, `dialects/spatial0.mlir`, `dialects/spatial1_dcp_merged.mlir`,
+  `dialects/pim0.mlir`, `dialects/pim1_buff.mlir`, `dialects/pim2_coalesced.mlir`,
+  `dialects/pim3_folded.mlir`, `dialects/pim4_materialized.mlir`,
+  `pim/config.json`, `pim/core_*.pim`, `pim/memory.bin`, and reports under
+  `raptor/reports/` such as `dcp_merge_report.txt`,
+  `memory_report.txt`, and `static_memory_coalescing_report.txt`.
+- `runner/` — generated reference runner source, build tree, and shared library.
+- `simulation/out.bin` — raw simulator output dump used for output comparison.
+
+That means you usually do not need to rerun standalone `--EmitSpatial` or
+`--EmitPim` commands while debugging validation failures: the per-pass dialect
+dumps are already available under `raptor/dialects/`.
+
+The validator does not currently expose a simulator tracing flag, but once a
+validation has produced `raptor/pim/` you can rerun the simulator manually with
+tracing enabled:
+
+```bash
+cd backend-simulators/pim/pim-simulator
+cargo run --no-default-features --features tracing --release \
+  --package pim-simulator --bin pim-simulator -- \
+  -f /path/to/workspace/raptor/pim \
+  -o /path/to/workspace/simulation/out.bin \
+  -d <addr0>,<size0>,<addr1>,<size1>,...
+```
+
+With `--features tracing`, the simulator writes per-core traces as
+`simulation/TraceCore0`, `simulation/TraceCore1`, ... next to `simulation/out.bin`.
+The validator normally computes the `-d` dump ranges from `raptor/pim/config.json`
+and the model output shapes. If you need a clean slate before rerunning, use:
+
+```bash
+validate.py --clean
+```
+
 Available networks under `validation/networks/`: `vgg16`, `yolo11n`.
 Available operations under `validation/operations/`: `add`, `conv`, `div`,
 `gather`, `gemm`, `gemv`, `mul`, `pool`, `reduce_mean`, `relu`, `resize`,

src/PIM/Common/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 add_pim_library(OMPimCommon
   IR/AddressAnalysis.cpp
+  IR/ConstantUtils.cpp
   IR/CoreBlockUtils.cpp
   IR/EntryPointUtils.cpp
   IR/ShapeUtils.cpp

src/PIM/Common/IR/AddressAnalysis.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/MemRef/IR/MemRef.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinAttributes.h"
 #include "mlir/Interfaces/DestinationStyleOpInterface.h"
 
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/AddressAnalysis.hpp"
@@ -55,6 +57,47 @@ mlir::Value resolveLoopCarriedAliasImpl(mlir::Value value, const StaticValueKnow
 }
 
 llvm::FailureOr<int64_t> resolveOpFoldResult(mlir::OpFoldResult ofr, const StaticValueKnowledge* knowledge);
+llvm::FailureOr<int64_t> resolveIndexValueImpl(mlir::Value value, const StaticValueKnowledge* knowledge);
+
+static llvm::FailureOr<int64_t> resolveConstantGlobalLoad(mlir::memref::LoadOp loadOp,
+                                                          const StaticValueKnowledge* knowledge) {
+  auto getGlobalOp = loadOp.getMemRef().getDefiningOp<mlir::memref::GetGlobalOp>();
+  if (!getGlobalOp)
+    return mlir::failure();
+
+  auto moduleOp = loadOp->getParentOfType<mlir::ModuleOp>();
+  auto globalOp = lookupGlobalForGetGlobal(moduleOp, getGlobalOp);
+  if (!globalOp || !globalOp.getConstant() || !globalOp.getInitialValue())
+    return mlir::failure();
+
+  auto denseAttr = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::DenseElementsAttr>(*globalOp.getInitialValue());
+  auto globalType = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::MemRefType>(getGlobalOp.getType());
+  if (!denseAttr || !globalType || !globalType.hasStaticShape())
+    return mlir::failure();
+
+  auto elementType = denseAttr.getElementType();
+  if (!elementType.isIndex() && !elementType.isInteger())
+    return mlir::failure();
+
+  llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> indices;
+  indices.reserve(loadOp.getIndices().size());
+  for (mlir::Value index : loadOp.getIndices()) {
+    auto resolvedIndex = resolveIndexValueImpl(index, knowledge);
+    if (failed(resolvedIndex))
+      return mlir::failure();
+    indices.push_back(*resolvedIndex);
+  }
+
+  if (indices.size() != static_cast<size_t>(globalType.getRank()))
+    return mlir::failure();
+
+  auto strides = computeRowMajorStrides(globalType.getShape());
+  int64_t linearIndex = linearizeIndex(indices, strides);
+  if (linearIndex < 0 || linearIndex >= globalType.getNumElements())
+    return mlir::failure();
+
+  return denseAttr.getValues<llvm::APInt>()[linearIndex].getSExtValue();
+}
 
 llvm::FailureOr<int64_t> resolveIndexValueImpl(mlir::Value value, const StaticValueKnowledge* knowledge) {
   value = resolveAlias(value, knowledge);
@@ -126,6 +169,9 @@ llvm::FailureOr<int64_t> resolveIndexValueImpl(mlir::Value value, const StaticVa
     return static_cast<int64_t>(static_cast<uint64_t>(*lhs) % static_cast<uint64_t>(*rhs));
   }
 
+  if (auto loadOp = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::memref::LoadOp>(definingOp))
+    return resolveConstantGlobalLoad(loadOp, knowledge);
+
   return mlir::failure();
 }
 

src/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Builders.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinOps.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Dialect.h"
+
+#include "ConstantUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
+
+using namespace mlir;
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+
+Block* getHostConstantBlock(Operation* anchorOp) {
+  assert(anchorOp && "expected a valid anchor operation");
+
+  for (Operation* current = anchorOp; current; current = current->getParentOp())
+    if (isa<spatial::SpatCompute, spatial::SpatComputeBatch, pim::PimCoreOp, pim::PimCoreBatchOp>(current))
+      return current->getBlock();
+
+  if (auto funcOp = anchorOp->getParentOfType<func::FuncOp>())
+    return &funcOp.getBody().front();
+  if (auto moduleOp = anchorOp->getParentOfType<ModuleOp>())
+    return moduleOp.getBody();
+  return anchorOp->getBlock();
+}
+
+Value getOrCreateHostConstant(Operation* anchorOp, Attribute value, Type type, OperationFolder& folder) {
+  assert(anchorOp && "expected a valid anchor operation");
+  Block* hostBlock = getHostConstantBlock(anchorOp);
+  for (Operation& op : *hostBlock) {
+    auto constantOp = dyn_cast<arith::ConstantOp>(&op);
+    if (!constantOp || constantOp.getType() != type || constantOp.getValue() != value)
+      continue;
+    return constantOp.getResult();
+  }
+
+  auto* arithDialect = anchorOp->getContext()->getOrLoadDialect<arith::ArithDialect>();
+  return folder.getOrCreateConstant(hostBlock, arithDialect, value, type);
+}
+
+Value getOrCreateHostConstantLike(arith::ConstantOp constantOp, OperationFolder& folder) {
+  return getOrCreateHostConstant(constantOp.getOperation(), constantOp.getValue(), constantOp.getType(), folder);
+}
+
+Value getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(Operation* anchorOp, int64_t value, OperationFolder& folder) {
+  Builder builder(anchorOp->getContext());
+  return getOrCreateHostConstant(anchorOp, builder.getIndexAttr(value), builder.getIndexType(), folder);
+}
+
+Value getOrCreateHostI32Constant(Operation* anchorOp, int32_t value, OperationFolder& folder) {
+  Builder builder(anchorOp->getContext());
+  return getOrCreateHostConstant(anchorOp, builder.getI32IntegerAttr(value), builder.getI32Type(), folder);
+}
+
+Value getOrCreateHostI64Constant(Operation* anchorOp, int64_t value, OperationFolder& folder) {
+  Builder builder(anchorOp->getContext());
+  return getOrCreateHostConstant(anchorOp, builder.getI64IntegerAttr(value), builder.getI64Type(), folder);
+}
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Builders.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinAttributes.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Operation.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Value.h"
+#include "mlir/Transforms/FoldUtils.h"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+
+mlir::Block* getHostConstantBlock(mlir::Operation* anchorOp);
+
+mlir::Value getOrCreateHostConstant(mlir::Operation* anchorOp,
+                                    mlir::Attribute value,
+                                    mlir::Type type,
+                                    mlir::OperationFolder& folder);
+
+mlir::Value getOrCreateHostConstantLike(mlir::arith::ConstantOp constantOp, mlir::OperationFolder& folder);
+
+mlir::Value getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(mlir::Operation* anchorOp, int64_t value, mlir::OperationFolder& folder);
+
+mlir::Value getOrCreateHostI32Constant(mlir::Operation* anchorOp, int32_t value, mlir::OperationFolder& folder);
+
+mlir::Value getOrCreateHostI64Constant(mlir::Operation* anchorOp, int64_t value, mlir::OperationFolder& folder);
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Common/IR/CoreBlockUtils.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/MemRef/IR/MemRef.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
 
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/CoreBlockUtils.hpp"
@@ -30,6 +31,9 @@ walkPimCoreBlock(mlir::Block& block,
   for (mlir::Operation& op : block) {
     if (mlir::isa<pim::PimHaltOp, mlir::scf::YieldOp>(op) || isCoreStaticAddressOp(&op))
       continue;
+    if (auto loadOp = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::memref::LoadOp>(op);
+        loadOp && succeeded(resolveIndexValue(loadOp.getResult(), knowledge)))
+      continue;
 
     if (auto forOp = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::scf::ForOp>(op)) {
       mlir::Block& loopBody = forOp.getRegion().front();

src/PIM/Common/IR/WeightUtils.cpp

@@ -21,12 +21,13 @@ namespace {
 
 template <typename MVMOpTy, typename VMMOpTy, typename ParentOpTy>
 bool hasMvmVmmWeightUse(ParentOpTy parentOp, unsigned weightIndex) {
+  mlir::Value weightArg = parentOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex);
   bool found = false;
   parentOp.walk([&](mlir::Operation* op) {
     if (auto mvmOp = mlir::dyn_cast<MVMOpTy>(op))
-      found |= mvmOp.getWeightIndex() == weightIndex;
+      found |= mvmOp.getWeight() == weightArg;
     else if (auto vmmOp = mlir::dyn_cast<VMMOpTy>(op))
-      found |= vmmOp.getWeightIndex() == weightIndex;
+      found |= vmmOp.getWeight() == weightArg;
   });
   return found;
 }
@@ -35,13 +36,18 @@ template <typename MVMOpTy, typename VMMOpTy, typename ParentOpTy>
 void walkMvmVmmWeightUses(ParentOpTy parentOp, llvm::function_ref<void(mlir::OpOperand&)> callback) {
   auto weights = parentOp.getWeights();
   llvm::SmallSet<unsigned, 8> visited;
-  auto walkWeightIndex = [&](unsigned weightIndex) {
-    if (weightIndex < weights.size() && visited.insert(weightIndex).second)
+  auto walkWeight = [&](mlir::Value weight) {
+    for (unsigned weightIndex = 0; weightIndex < weights.size(); ++weightIndex) {
+      if (parentOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex) != weight)
+        continue;
+      if (visited.insert(weightIndex).second)
         callback(parentOp->getOpOperand(weightIndex));
+      break;
+    }
   };
 
-  parentOp.walk([&](MVMOpTy op) { walkWeightIndex(op.getWeightIndex()); });
-  parentOp.walk([&](VMMOpTy op) { walkWeightIndex(op.getWeightIndex()); });
+  parentOp.walk([&](MVMOpTy op) { walkWeight(op.getWeight()); });
+  parentOp.walk([&](VMMOpTy op) { walkWeight(op.getWeight()); });
 }
 
 } // namespace
@@ -90,18 +96,21 @@ void walkPimMvmVmmWeightUses(mlir::Operation* root, llvm::function_ref<void(mlir
   assert(root && "expected valid root op");
   root->walk([&](pim::PimCoreOp coreOp) {
     coreOp.walk([&](pim::PimVMMOp vmmOp) {
-      auto weights = coreOp.getWeights();
-      unsigned weightIndex = vmmOp.getWeightIndex();
-      if (weightIndex < weights.size())
+      for (unsigned weightIndex = 0; weightIndex < coreOp.getWeights().size(); ++weightIndex)
+        if (coreOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex) == vmmOp.getWeight()) {
           callback(coreOp->getOpOperand(weightIndex));
+          break;
+        }
     });
   });
   root->walk([&](pim::PimCoreBatchOp coreBatchOp) {
-    auto weights = coreBatchOp.getWeights();
-    for (auto weight : weights)
-      for (mlir::OpOperand& use : weight.getUses())
-        if (use.getOwner() == coreBatchOp.getOperation())
-          callback(use);
+    coreBatchOp.walk([&](pim::PimVMMOp vmmOp) {
+      for (unsigned weightIndex = 0; weightIndex < coreBatchOp.getWeights().size(); ++weightIndex)
+        if (coreBatchOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex) == vmmOp.getWeight()) {
+          callback(coreBatchOp->getOpOperand(weightIndex));
+          break;
+        }
+    });
   });
 }
 

src/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
 
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/AddressAnalysis.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/CoreBlockUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/EntryPointUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ShapeUtils.hpp"

src/PIM/Compiler/PimBatchEmission.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Builders.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/BuiltinOps.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/IRMapping.h"
 
+#include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
+
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Compiler/PimBatchEmission.hpp"
 
@@ -24,113 +28,132 @@ static SmallVector<int32_t> getLaneChunkCoreIds(ArrayRef<int32_t> coreIds, size_
   return laneCoreIds;
 }
 
-static void scalarizeBatchOpsInCore(pim::PimCoreOp scalarCore, size_t laneCount, unsigned lane) {
-  IRRewriter rewriter(scalarCore.getContext());
-  SmallVector<Operation*> batchOps;
-  scalarCore.walk([&](Operation* op) {
-    if (isa<pim::PimSendBatchOp,
-            pim::PimSendTensorBatchOp,
-            pim::PimReceiveBatchOp,
-            pim::PimReceiveTensorBatchOp,
-            pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevBatchOp>(op)) {
-      batchOps.push_back(op);
-    }
-  });
+static void cloneScalarizedLaneBody(OpBuilder& builder,
+                                    pim::PimCoreBatchOp coreBatchOp,
+                                    unsigned lane,
+                                    OperationFolder& constantFolder) {
+  Block& oldBlock = coreBatchOp.getBody().front();
+  size_t laneCount = static_cast<size_t>(coreBatchOp.getLaneCount());
+  size_t weightCount = coreBatchOp.getWeights().size();
 
-  for (Operation* op : batchOps) {
-    rewriter.setInsertionPoint(op);
+  IRMapping mapper;
+  for (auto [argIndex, blockArg] : llvm::enumerate(oldBlock.getArguments())) {
+    if (blockArg.getType().isIndex()) {
+      mapper.map(blockArg, getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(coreBatchOp, static_cast<int64_t>(lane), constantFolder));
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (argIndex <= weightCount) {
+      mapper.map(blockArg, coreBatchOp.getWeights()[argIndex - 1]);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    size_t inputIndex = argIndex - 1 - weightCount;
+    assert(inputIndex < coreBatchOp.getInputs().size() && "pim.core_batch block input index out of range");
+    mapper.map(blockArg, coreBatchOp.getInputs()[inputIndex]);
+  }
+
+  for (Operation& op : oldBlock) {
+    if (isa<pim::PimHaltOp>(op))
+      continue;
 
     if (auto sendBatchOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimSendBatchOp>(op)) {
-      pim::PimSendOp::create(rewriter,
+      Operation* anchorOp = builder.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp();
+      pim::PimSendOp::create(
+        builder,
         sendBatchOp.getLoc(),
-                             sendBatchOp.getInput(),
+        mapper.lookup(sendBatchOp.getInput()),
         sendBatchOp.getSizeAttr(),
-                             rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(sendBatchOp.getTargetCoreIds()[lane]));
-      rewriter.eraseOp(op);
+        getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(anchorOp, sendBatchOp.getTargetCoreIds()[lane], constantFolder));
       continue;
     }
 
     if (auto sendTensorBatchOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimSendTensorBatchOp>(op)) {
       pim::PimSendTensorOp::create(
-        rewriter,
+        builder,
         sendTensorBatchOp.getLoc(),
-        sendTensorBatchOp.getInput(),
-        rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(getLaneChunkCoreIds(sendTensorBatchOp.getTargetCoreIds(), laneCount, lane)));
-      rewriter.eraseOp(op);
+        mapper.lookup(sendTensorBatchOp.getInput()),
+        builder.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(getLaneChunkCoreIds(sendTensorBatchOp.getTargetCoreIds(), laneCount, lane)));
       continue;
     }
 
     if (auto receiveBatchOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimReceiveBatchOp>(op)) {
-      auto scalarReceive =
-        pim::PimReceiveOp::create(rewriter,
+      Operation* anchorOp = builder.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp();
+      auto scalarReceive = pim::PimReceiveOp::create(
+        builder,
         receiveBatchOp.getLoc(),
         receiveBatchOp.getOutput().getType(),
-                                  receiveBatchOp.getOutputBuffer(),
+        mapper.lookup(receiveBatchOp.getOutputBuffer()),
         receiveBatchOp.getSizeAttr(),
-                                  rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(receiveBatchOp.getSourceCoreIds()[lane]));
-      rewriter.replaceOp(op, scalarReceive->getResults());
+        getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(anchorOp, receiveBatchOp.getSourceCoreIds()[lane], constantFolder));
+      mapper.map(receiveBatchOp.getOutput(), scalarReceive.getOutput());
       continue;
     }
 
     if (auto receiveTensorBatchOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimReceiveTensorBatchOp>(op)) {
       auto scalarReceive = pim::PimReceiveTensorOp::create(
-        rewriter,
+        builder,
         receiveTensorBatchOp.getLoc(),
         receiveTensorBatchOp.getOutput().getType(),
-        receiveTensorBatchOp.getOutputBuffer(),
-        rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(getLaneChunkCoreIds(receiveTensorBatchOp.getSourceCoreIds(), laneCount, lane)));
-      rewriter.replaceOp(op, scalarReceive->getResults());
+        mapper.lookup(receiveTensorBatchOp.getOutputBuffer()),
+        builder.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(getLaneChunkCoreIds(receiveTensorBatchOp.getSourceCoreIds(), laneCount, lane)));
+      mapper.map(receiveTensorBatchOp.getOutput(), scalarReceive.getOutput());
       continue;
     }
 
-    auto memcpBatchOp = cast<pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevBatchOp>(op);
-    auto scalarCopy = pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(rewriter,
+    if (auto memcpBatchOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevBatchOp>(op)) {
+      auto scalarCopy = pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(
+        builder,
         memcpBatchOp.getLoc(),
         memcpBatchOp.getOutput().getType(),
-                                                         memcpBatchOp.getDeviceTarget(),
-                                                         memcpBatchOp.getHostSource(),
-                                                         memcpBatchOp.getDeviceTargetOffsetAttr(),
-                                                         memcpBatchOp.getHostSourceOffsetAttr(),
+        getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(coreBatchOp, memcpBatchOp.getDeviceTargetOffset(), constantFolder),
+        getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(coreBatchOp, memcpBatchOp.getHostSourceOffset(), constantFolder),
+        mapper.lookup(memcpBatchOp.getDeviceTarget()),
+        mapper.lookup(memcpBatchOp.getHostSource()),
         memcpBatchOp.getSizeAttr());
-    rewriter.replaceOp(op, scalarCopy->getResults());
+      mapper.map(memcpBatchOp.getOutput(), scalarCopy.getOutput());
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    Operation* cloned = builder.clone(op, mapper);
+    for (auto [originalResult, clonedResult] : llvm::zip(op.getResults(), cloned->getResults()))
+      mapper.map(originalResult, clonedResult);
   }
 }
 
 } // namespace
 
-LogicalResult withScalarCoreFromBatchLane(pim::PimCoreBatchOp coreBatchOp,
-                                          unsigned lane,
+LogicalResult withScalarCoreFromBatchLanes(pim::PimCoreBatchOp coreBatchOp,
+                                           ArrayRef<unsigned> lanes,
                                            llvm::function_ref<LogicalResult(pim::PimCoreOp)> callback) {
+  assert(!lanes.empty() && "expected at least one batch lane");
+
   OwningOpRef<ModuleOp> scratchModule = ModuleOp::create(coreBatchOp.getLoc());
   OpBuilder builder(scratchModule->getContext());
+  OperationFolder constantFolder(scratchModule->getContext());
   builder.setInsertionPointToStart(scratchModule->getBody());
 
-  size_t laneCount = static_cast<size_t>(coreBatchOp.getLaneCount());
-  size_t weightsPerLane = coreBatchOp.getWeights().size() / laneCount;
-  SmallVector<Value> laneWeights;
-  laneWeights.reserve(weightsPerLane);
-  for (size_t weightIndex = 0; weightIndex < weightsPerLane; ++weightIndex)
-    laneWeights.push_back(coreBatchOp.getWeights()[lane * weightsPerLane + weightIndex]);
-
+  SmallVector<Value> weights(coreBatchOp.getWeights().begin(), coreBatchOp.getWeights().end());
   auto coreIds = getBatchCoreIds(coreBatchOp);
-  auto scalarCore = pim::PimCoreOp::create(
-    builder, coreBatchOp.getLoc(), ValueRange(laneWeights), builder.getI32IntegerAttr(coreIds[lane]));
+  int32_t coreId = coreIds[lanes.front()];
+  for (unsigned lane : lanes)
+    assert(coreIds[lane] == coreId && "all grouped lanes must target the same core");
+
+  auto scalarCore =
+    pim::PimCoreOp::create(builder, coreBatchOp.getLoc(), ValueRange(weights), builder.getI32IntegerAttr(coreId));
   Block* block = builder.createBlock(&scalarCore.getBody(), scalarCore.getBody().end());
-  IRMapping mapper;
-  if (coreBatchOp.getBody().front().getNumArguments() == 1)
-    mapper.map(coreBatchOp.getBody().front().getArgument(0), coreBatchOp.getInputs()[lane]);
-
   builder.setInsertionPointToEnd(block);
-  for (Operation& op : coreBatchOp.getBody().front()) {
-    Operation* cloned = builder.clone(op, mapper);
-    for (auto [originalResult, clonedResult] : llvm::zip(op.getResults(), cloned->getResults()))
-      mapper.map(originalResult, clonedResult);
-  }
-
+  for (unsigned lane : lanes)
+    cloneScalarizedLaneBody(builder, coreBatchOp, lane, constantFolder);
   if (block->empty() || !isa<pim::PimHaltOp>(block->back()))
     pim::PimHaltOp::create(builder, coreBatchOp.getLoc());
-  scalarizeBatchOpsInCore(scalarCore, laneCount, lane);
   return callback(scalarCore);
 }
 
+LogicalResult withScalarCoreFromBatchLane(pim::PimCoreBatchOp coreBatchOp,
+                                          unsigned lane,
+                                          llvm::function_ref<LogicalResult(pim::PimCoreOp)> callback) {
+  return withScalarCoreFromBatchLanes(coreBatchOp, ArrayRef<unsigned> {lane}, callback);
+}
+
 } // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Compiler/PimBatchEmission.hpp

@@ -9,5 +9,8 @@ namespace onnx_mlir {
 mlir::LogicalResult withScalarCoreFromBatchLane(pim::PimCoreBatchOp coreBatchOp,
                                                 unsigned lane,
                                                 llvm::function_ref<mlir::LogicalResult(pim::PimCoreOp)> callback);
+mlir::LogicalResult withScalarCoreFromBatchLanes(pim::PimCoreBatchOp coreBatchOp,
+                                                 llvm::ArrayRef<unsigned> lanes,
+                                                 llvm::function_ref<mlir::LogicalResult(pim::PimCoreOp)> callback);
 
 } // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Compiler/PimCodeGen.cpp

@@ -41,15 +41,23 @@ using namespace mlir;
 using namespace onnx_mlir;
 using namespace onnx_mlir::compact_asm;
 
+static size_t getElementTypeSizeInBytes(mlir::Type elementType) {
+  if (elementType.isIndex())
+    return sizeof(int64_t);
+  if (elementType.isIntOrFloat())
+    return elementType.getIntOrFloatBitWidth() / 8;
+  llvm_unreachable("unsupported shaped element type");
+}
+
 static size_t getValueSizeInBytes(mlir::Value value) {
   auto type = cast<ShapedType>(value.getType());
-  return type.getNumElements() * type.getElementTypeBitWidth() / 8;
+  return type.getNumElements() * getElementTypeSizeInBytes(type.getElementType());
 }
 
 MemEntry* PimMemory::gatherMemEntry(mlir::Value value) {
   auto type = cast<ShapedType>(value.getType());
   assert("Only static shape is supported" && type.hasStaticShape());
-  size_t allocSize = type.getNumElements() * type.getElementType().getIntOrFloatBitWidth() / 8;
+  size_t allocSize = type.getNumElements() * getElementTypeSizeInBytes(type.getElementType());
   MemEntry memEntry = {0, allocSize};
   return &memEntries.emplace_back(memEntry, value).first;
 }
@@ -398,20 +406,28 @@ void PimCodeGen::emitMvmOp(size_t groupId, size_t rdAddr, size_t rdOffset, size_
 }
 
 void PimCodeGen::codeGenLoadOp(pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp loadOp, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) const {
+  auto deviceTargetOffset = resolveIndexValue(loadOp.getDeviceTargetOffset(), knowledge);
+  auto hostSourceOffset = resolveIndexValue(loadOp.getHostSourceOffset(), knowledge);
+  assert(succeeded(deviceTargetOffset) && succeeded(hostSourceOffset)
+         && "pim.memcp_hd offsets must be statically resolvable during codegen");
   emitMemCopyOp("ld",
                 addressOf(loadOp.getDeviceTarget(), knowledge),
-                loadOp.getDeviceTargetOffset(),
+                *deviceTargetOffset,
                 addressOf(loadOp.getHostSource(), knowledge),
-                loadOp.getHostSourceOffset(),
+                *hostSourceOffset,
                 loadOp.getSize());
 }
 
 void PimCodeGen::codeGenStoreOp(pim::PimMemCopyDevToHostOp storeOp, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) const {
+  auto hostTargetOffset = resolveIndexValue(storeOp.getHostTargetOffset(), knowledge);
+  auto deviceSourceOffset = resolveIndexValue(storeOp.getDeviceSourceOffset(), knowledge);
+  assert(succeeded(hostTargetOffset) && succeeded(deviceSourceOffset)
+         && "pim.memcp_dh offsets must be statically resolvable during codegen");
   emitMemCopyOp("st",
                 addressOf(storeOp.getHostTarget(), knowledge),
-                storeOp.getHostTargetOffset(),
+                *hostTargetOffset,
                 addressOf(storeOp.getDeviceSource(), knowledge),
-                storeOp.getDeviceSourceOffset(),
+                *deviceSourceOffset,
                 storeOp.getSize());
 }
 
@@ -426,8 +442,9 @@ void PimCodeGen::codeGenLmvOp(pim::PimMemCopyOp lmvOp, const StaticValueKnowledg
 }
 
 void PimCodeGen::codeGenReceiveOp(pim::PimReceiveOp receiveOp, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) const {
-  emitCommunicationOp(
-    "recv", addressOf(receiveOp.getOutputBuffer(), knowledge), receiveOp.getSourceCoreId(), receiveOp.getSize());
+  auto sourceCoreId = resolveIndexValue(receiveOp.getSourceCoreId(), knowledge);
+  assert(succeeded(sourceCoreId) && "pim.receive source core id must be statically resolvable during codegen");
+  emitCommunicationOp("recv", addressOf(receiveOp.getOutputBuffer(), knowledge), *sourceCoreId, receiveOp.getSize());
 }
 
 void PimCodeGen::codeGenReceiveTensorOp(pim::PimReceiveTensorOp receiveTensorOp,
@@ -439,7 +456,9 @@ void PimCodeGen::codeGenReceiveTensorOp(pim::PimReceiveTensorOp receiveTensorOp,
 }
 
 void PimCodeGen::codeGenSendOp(pim::PimSendOp sendOp, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) const {
-  emitCommunicationOp("send", addressOf(sendOp.getInput(), knowledge), sendOp.getTargetCoreId(), sendOp.getSize());
+  auto targetCoreId = resolveIndexValue(sendOp.getTargetCoreId(), knowledge);
+  assert(succeeded(targetCoreId) && "pim.send target core id must be statically resolvable during codegen");
+  emitCommunicationOp("send", addressOf(sendOp.getInput(), knowledge), *targetCoreId, sendOp.getSize());
 }
 
 void PimCodeGen::codeGenSendTensorOp(pim::PimSendTensorOp sendTensorOp, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) const {
@@ -728,12 +747,19 @@ std::string getMemorySizeAsString(size_t size) {
 
 static SmallVector<unsigned, 8> getUsedWeightIndices(Block& block) {
   SmallVector<unsigned, 8> indices;
-  auto addIndex = [&](unsigned weightIndex) {
+  auto coreOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimCoreOp>(block.getParentOp());
+  auto addWeight = [&](mlir::Value weight) {
+    if (!coreOp)
+      return;
+    for (unsigned weightIndex = 0; weightIndex < coreOp.getWeights().size(); ++weightIndex) {
+      if (coreOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex) != weight)
+        continue;
       if (!llvm::is_contained(indices, weightIndex))
         indices.push_back(weightIndex);
+      return;
+    }
   };
-
-  block.walk([&](pim::PimVMMOp vmmOp) { addIndex(vmmOp.getWeightIndex()); });
+  block.walk([&](pim::PimVMMOp vmmOp) { addWeight(vmmOp.getWeight()); });
   llvm::sort(indices);
   return indices;
 }
@@ -795,6 +821,15 @@ static void aliasMaterializedHostGlobals(ModuleOp moduleOp,
 /// fully resolved before the JSON instructions are emitted.
 /// Returns the number of emitted instructions, or -1 on failure.
 static int64_t codeGenCoreOps(Block& block, PimCodeGen& coreCodeGen) {
+  auto resolveWeightIndex = [&](pim::PimVMMOp vmmOp) -> std::optional<unsigned> {
+    auto coreOp = vmmOp->getParentOfType<pim::PimCoreOp>();
+    if (!coreOp)
+      return std::nullopt;
+    for (unsigned weightIndex = 0; weightIndex < coreOp.getWeights().size(); ++weightIndex)
+      if (coreOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex) == vmmOp.getWeight())
+        return weightIndex;
+    return std::nullopt;
+  };
   size_t processedOperations = 0;
   auto result =
     walkPimCoreBlock(block, StaticValueKnowledge {}, [&](Operation& op, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) {
@@ -814,8 +849,12 @@ static int64_t codeGenCoreOps(Block& block, PimCodeGen& coreCodeGen) {
         coreCodeGen.codeGenSendTensorOp(sendTensorOp, knowledge);
       else if (auto concatOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimConcatOp>(op))
         coreCodeGen.codeGenConcatOp(concatOp, knowledge);
-      else if (auto vmmOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimVMMOp>(op))
-        coreCodeGen.codeGenMVMLikeOp<pim::PimVMMOp>(vmmOp.getWeightIndex(), vmmOp, true, knowledge);
+      else if (auto vmmOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimVMMOp>(op)) {
+        auto weightIndex = resolveWeightIndex(vmmOp);
+        if (!weightIndex)
+          return failure();
+        coreCodeGen.codeGenMVMLikeOp<pim::PimVMMOp>(*weightIndex, vmmOp, true, knowledge);
+      }
       else if (auto transposeOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimTransposeOp>(op))
         coreCodeGen.codeGenTransposeOp(transposeOp, knowledge);
       else if (auto vvaddOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimVVAddOp>(op))
@@ -1004,10 +1043,19 @@ OnnxMlirCompilerErrorCodes onnx_mlir::compileToPimCode(ModuleOp& moduleOp, std::
     reportedCoreIds.reserve(batchCoreIds.size());
     MemoryReportRow batchRow;
     std::optional<MemoryReportRow> batchPerCoreRow;
+    llvm::DenseMap<size_t, SmallVector<unsigned>> lanesByCoreId;
+    SmallVector<size_t> orderedOriginalCoreIds;
     for (unsigned lane = 0; lane < static_cast<unsigned>(coreBatchOp.getLaneCount()); ++lane) {
-      OnnxMlirCompilerErrorCodes laneResult = CompilerSuccess;
-      if (failed(withScalarCoreFromBatchLane(coreBatchOp, lane, [&](pim::PimCoreOp coreOp) {
       size_t originalCoreId = static_cast<size_t>(batchCoreIds[lane]);
+      auto [it, inserted] = lanesByCoreId.try_emplace(originalCoreId);
+      if (inserted)
+        orderedOriginalCoreIds.push_back(originalCoreId);
+      it->second.push_back(lane);
+    }
+
+    for (size_t originalCoreId : orderedOriginalCoreIds) {
+      OnnxMlirCompilerErrorCodes laneResult = CompilerSuccess;
+      if (failed(withScalarCoreFromBatchLanes(coreBatchOp, lanesByCoreId[originalCoreId], [&](pim::PimCoreOp coreOp) {
             size_t coreId = emittedCoreIds.lookup(originalCoreId);
             reportedCoreIds.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(coreId));
             MemoryReportRow laneRow;

src/PIM/Compiler/PimWeightEmitter.cpp

@@ -128,12 +128,20 @@ FailureOr<DenseWeightView> resolveDenseWeightView(ModuleOp moduleOp, mlir::Value
 
 SmallVector<unsigned, 8> getUsedWeightIndices(Block& block) {
   SmallVector<unsigned, 8> indices;
-  auto addIndex = [&](unsigned weightIndex) {
+  auto coreOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimCoreOp>(block.getParentOp());
+  auto addWeight = [&](mlir::Value weight) {
+    if (!coreOp)
+      return;
+    for (unsigned weightIndex = 0; weightIndex < coreOp.getWeights().size(); ++weightIndex) {
+      if (coreOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex) != weight)
+        continue;
       if (!llvm::is_contained(indices, weightIndex))
         indices.push_back(weightIndex);
+      return;
+    }
   };
 
-  block.walk([&](pim::PimVMMOp vmmOp) { addIndex(vmmOp.getWeightIndex()); });
+  block.walk([&](pim::PimVMMOp vmmOp) { addWeight(vmmOp.getWeight()); });
   llvm::sort(indices);
   return indices;
 }

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/ComputeRegionBuilder.hpp

@@ -18,13 +18,17 @@ namespace detail {
 
 inline mlir::ValueRange getBlockArgs(mlir::Block* block) { return mlir::ValueRange(block->getArguments()); }
 
+inline mlir::ValueRange getInputBlockArgs(mlir::Block* block, size_t weightCount) {
+  return mlir::ValueRange(block->getArguments()).drop_front(weightCount);
+}
+
 template <typename Fn, size_t... Is>
 decltype(auto) invokeWithBlockArgs(Fn&& fn, mlir::Block* block, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
   return std::forward<Fn>(fn)(block->getArgument(Is)...);
 }
 
 template <typename Fn, size_t... Is>
-decltype(auto) invokeWithValues(Fn&& fn, mlir::ArrayRef<mlir::Value> values, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
+decltype(auto) invokeWithValues(Fn&& fn, mlir::ValueRange values, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
   return std::forward<Fn>(fn)(values[Is]...);
 }
 
@@ -85,6 +89,8 @@ auto createSpatCompute(RewriterT& rewriter,
   auto computeOp = spatial::SpatCompute::create(rewriter, loc, resultTypes, weights, inputs);
 
   auto* block = new mlir::Block();
+  for (mlir::Value weight : weights)
+    block->addArgument(weight.getType(), loc);
   for (mlir::Value input : inputs)
     block->addArgument(input.getType(), loc);
 
@@ -93,14 +99,15 @@ auto createSpatCompute(RewriterT& rewriter,
 
   using BodyResult = detail::InvokeWithBlockArgsResultT<std::decay_t<BodyFn>, std::make_index_sequence<NumInputs>>;
   if constexpr (std::is_same_v<BodyResult, void>) {
-    detail::invokeWithBlockArgs(std::forward<BodyFn>(body), block, std::make_index_sequence<NumInputs> {});
+    detail::invokeWithValues(
+      std::forward<BodyFn>(body), detail::getInputBlockArgs(block, weights.size()), std::make_index_sequence<NumInputs> {});
 
     rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(computeOp);
     return computeOp;
   }
   else {
-    auto bodyResult =
-      detail::invokeWithBlockArgs(std::forward<BodyFn>(body), block, std::make_index_sequence<NumInputs> {});
+    auto bodyResult = detail::invokeWithValues(
+      std::forward<BodyFn>(body), detail::getInputBlockArgs(block, weights.size()), std::make_index_sequence<NumInputs> {});
     if (mlir::failed(bodyResult)) {
       rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(computeOp);
       rewriter.eraseOp(computeOp);
@@ -123,6 +130,8 @@ auto createSpatCompute(RewriterT& rewriter,
   auto computeOp = spatial::SpatCompute::create(rewriter, loc, resultTypes, weights, inputs);
 
   auto* block = new mlir::Block();
+  for (mlir::Value weight : weights)
+    block->addArgument(weight.getType(), loc);
   for (mlir::Value input : inputs)
     block->addArgument(input.getType(), loc);
 
@@ -131,13 +140,13 @@ auto createSpatCompute(RewriterT& rewriter,
 
   using BodyResult = detail::InvokeWithValueRangeResultT<std::decay_t<BodyFn>>;
   if constexpr (std::is_same_v<BodyResult, void>) {
-    std::forward<BodyFn>(body)(detail::getBlockArgs(block));
+    std::forward<BodyFn>(body)(detail::getInputBlockArgs(block, weights.size()));
 
     rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(computeOp);
     return computeOp;
   }
   else {
-    auto bodyResult = std::forward<BodyFn>(body)(detail::getBlockArgs(block));
+    auto bodyResult = std::forward<BodyFn>(body)(detail::getInputBlockArgs(block, weights.size()));
     if (mlir::failed(bodyResult)) {
       rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(computeOp);
       rewriter.eraseOp(computeOp);

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/ONNXToSpatialPass.cpp

@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ static void populateEmptyFunction(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
   IRRewriter rewriter(funcOp.getContext());
   IRMapping mapper;
   SmallVector<spatial::SpatCompute> computes(funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatCompute>());
-  if (!computes.empty())
+  SmallVector<spatial::SpatComputeBatch> computeBatches(funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatComputeBatch>());
+  if (!computes.empty() || !computeBatches.empty())
     return;
 
   auto returnOp = cast<func::ReturnOp>(funcOp.getFunctionBody().front().getTerminator());
@@ -190,16 +191,6 @@ void ONNXToSpatialPass::runOnOperation() {
                                   tensor::TensorDialect,
                                   arith::ArithDialect,
                                   scf::SCFDialect>();
-  earlyPostTarget.addDynamicallyLegalOp<spatial::SpatComputeBatch>(
-    [](spatial::SpatComputeBatch batchOp) { return !requiresEarlyPostRewrite(batchOp); });
-
-  RewritePatternSet earlyPostPatterns(ctx);
-  populateEarlyPostPatterns(earlyPostPatterns, ctx);
-  if (failed(applyPartialConversion(*entryFunc, earlyPostTarget, std::move(earlyPostPatterns)))) {
-    moduleOp.emitError("failed to normalize single-lane spat.compute_batch ops before core assignment checks");
-    signalPassFailure();
-    return;
-  }
 
   PassManager cleanupPM(ctx);
   cleanupPM.addPass(createCanonicalizerPass());

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns/Math/Gemm.cpp

@@ -402,13 +402,29 @@ LogicalResult GemvToSpatialCompute::matchAndRewrite(ONNXGemmOp gemmOp,
       for (size_t aSliceId = 0; aSliceId < aHSlices[coreId].size(); aSliceId++)
         weights.push_back(bTiles[outSliceId][coreId][aSliceId]);
 
-      auto computeOp = createSpatCompute(
-        rewriter, gemmLoc, currOutHSliceType, weights, aHSlices[coreId], [&](ValueRange aHSlicesArgs) -> LogicalResult {
+      auto computeOp =
+        spatial::SpatCompute::create(rewriter, gemmLoc, TypeRange {currOutHSliceType}, weights, aHSlices[coreId]);
+      SmallVector<Type> blockArgTypes;
+      SmallVector<Location> blockArgLocs;
+      blockArgTypes.reserve(weights.size() + aHSlices[coreId].size());
+      blockArgLocs.reserve(weights.size() + aHSlices[coreId].size());
+      for (Value weight : weights) {
+        blockArgTypes.push_back(weight.getType());
+        blockArgLocs.push_back(gemmLoc);
+      }
+      for (Value input : aHSlices[coreId]) {
+        blockArgTypes.push_back(input.getType());
+        blockArgLocs.push_back(gemmLoc);
+      }
+      Block* body =
+        rewriter.createBlock(&computeOp.getBody(), computeOp.getBody().end(), TypeRange(blockArgTypes), blockArgLocs);
+      rewriter.setInsertionPointToEnd(body);
+
       SmallVector<Value> vmmOutputs;
-          vmmOutputs.reserve(aHSlicesArgs.size());
-          for (auto [aHSliceId, computeArg] : llvm::enumerate(aHSlicesArgs))
-            vmmOutputs.push_back(
-              spatial::SpatVMMOp::create(rewriter, gemmLoc, currOutHSliceType, aHSliceId, computeArg));
+      vmmOutputs.reserve(aHSlices[coreId].size());
+      for (auto aHSliceId : llvm::seq<size_t>(0, aHSlices[coreId].size()))
+        vmmOutputs.push_back(spatial::SpatVMMOp::create(
+          rewriter, gemmLoc, currOutHSliceType, computeOp.getWeightArgument(aHSliceId), computeOp.getInputArgument(aHSliceId)));
       if (vmmOutputs.empty()) {
         gemmOp.emitOpError("requires at least one non-empty slice when lowering tiled Gemm to Spatial VMMs");
         return failure();
@@ -416,10 +432,7 @@ LogicalResult GemvToSpatialCompute::matchAndRewrite(ONNXGemmOp gemmOp,
 
       Value partialVmmSum = sumTensors(vmmOutputs, rewriter);
       spatial::SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, gemmLoc, partialVmmSum);
-          return success();
-        });
-      if (failed(computeOp))
-        return failure();
+      rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(computeOp);
 
       partialResults.push_back(computeOp->getResult(0));
     }
@@ -530,37 +543,47 @@ LogicalResult GemmToSpatialComputeBatch::matchAndRewrite(ONNXGemmOp gemmOp,
     sharedBias = c;
   }
 
-  SmallVector<Value> aSlices = materializeBatchRowSlices(a, aType, rewriter, loc);
-  auto aSliceType = cast<RankedTensorType>(aSlices.front().getType());
-
   auto outRowType = RankedTensorType::get({1, outType.getDimSize(1)}, outType.getElementType());
-  SmallVector<Type> resultTypes(static_cast<size_t>(numOutRows), outRowType);
-  SmallVector<Value> weights(static_cast<size_t>(numOutRows), b);
-
+  auto aRowType = RankedTensorType::get({1, aType.getDimSize(1)}, aType.getElementType());
   auto batchOp = spatial::SpatComputeBatch::create(rewriter,
                                                    loc,
-                                                   TypeRange(resultTypes),
+                                                   TypeRange {outType},
                                                    rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(numOutRows)),
-                                                   ValueRange(weights),
-                                                   ValueRange(aSlices));
+                                                   ValueRange {b},
+                                                   ValueRange {a});
 
-  Block* body = rewriter.createBlock(
-    &batchOp.getBody(), batchOp.getBody().end(), TypeRange {aSliceType}, SmallVector<Location>(1, loc));
+  SmallVector<Type> blockArgTypes {rewriter.getIndexType(), bType, aType, outType};
+  SmallVector<Location> blockArgLocs(4, loc);
+  Block* body =
+    rewriter.createBlock(&batchOp.getBody(), batchOp.getBody().end(), TypeRange(blockArgTypes), blockArgLocs);
   rewriter.setInsertionPointToEnd(body);
 
-  Value vmmResult = spatial::SpatVMMOp::create(rewriter, loc, outRowType, 0, body->getArgument(0)).getResult();
+  Value lane = batchOp.getLaneArgument();
+  Value weight = batchOp.getWeightArgument(0);
+  Value packedInput = batchOp.getInputArgument(0);
+  Value packedOutput = batchOp.getOutputArgument(0);
+
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> inputOffsets {lane, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> inputSizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(aType.getDimSize(1))};
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> unitStrides {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(1)};
+  Value row =
+    tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(rewriter, loc, aRowType, packedInput, inputOffsets, inputSizes, unitStrides)
+      .getResult();
+
+  Value vmmResult = spatial::SpatVMMOp::create(rewriter, loc, outRowType, weight, row).getResult();
   Value laneResult = vmmResult;
   if (sharedBias)
     laneResult = spatial::SpatVAddOp::create(rewriter, loc, outRowType, vmmResult, sharedBias).getResult();
-  spatial::SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, loc, laneResult);
 
+  auto inParallelOp = spatial::SpatInParallelOp::create(rewriter, loc);
+  rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(&inParallelOp.getRegion().front());
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> outputOffsets {lane, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> outputSizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(outType.getDimSize(1))};
+  tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp::create(rewriter, loc, laneResult, packedOutput, outputOffsets, outputSizes,
+                                        unitStrides);
   rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(batchOp);
-  SmallVector<Value> laneResults(batchOp->result_begin(), batchOp->result_end());
-  auto concatComputeOp = createSpatCompute(rewriter, loc, gemmOp.getType(), {}, laneResults, [&](ValueRange args) {
-    spatial::SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, loc, createSpatConcat(rewriter, loc, /*axis=*/0, args));
-  });
 
-  rewriter.replaceOp(gemmOp, concatComputeOp);
+  rewriter.replaceOp(gemmOp, batchOp.getResults());
   return success();
 }
 

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/PostPatterns.cpp

@@ -35,58 +35,15 @@ template <typename ComputeOpTy>
 static bool hasPromotableWeightLikeInputs(ComputeOpTy compute) {
   Block& block = compute.getBody().front();
   for (auto [inputIdx, input] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getInputs())) {
-    if (inputIdx >= block.getNumArguments())
-      continue;
     if (!isWeightLikeComputeOperand(input))
       continue;
-    if (isDirectConstantValue(input) && !canPromoteInputBlockArgument(block.getArgument(inputIdx)))
+    if (isDirectConstantValue(input) && !canPromoteInputBlockArgument(compute.getInputArgument(inputIdx)))
       continue;
     return true;
   }
   return false;
 }
 
-// Collapses one-lane batches so later phases do not carry batch-only structure unnecessarily.
-struct FoldSingleLaneComputeBatchPattern : OpRewritePattern<spatial::SpatComputeBatch> {
-  using OpRewritePattern<spatial::SpatComputeBatch>::OpRewritePattern;
-
-  LogicalResult matchAndRewrite(spatial::SpatComputeBatch batchOp, PatternRewriter& rewriter) const override {
-    if (batchOp.getLaneCount() != 1)
-      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(batchOp, "requires a single lane");
-
-    auto loc = batchOp.getLoc();
-    rewriter.setInsertionPoint(batchOp);
-    auto computeOp =
-      spatial::SpatCompute::create(rewriter, loc, batchOp.getResultTypes(), batchOp.getWeights(), batchOp.getInputs());
-    computeOp.getProperties().setOperandSegmentSizes(
-      {static_cast<int>(batchOp.getWeights().size()), static_cast<int>(batchOp.getInputs().size())});
-
-    Block& templateBlock = batchOp.getBody().front();
-    SmallVector<Type> blockArgTypes;
-    SmallVector<Location> blockArgLocs;
-    blockArgTypes.reserve(templateBlock.getNumArguments());
-    blockArgLocs.reserve(templateBlock.getNumArguments());
-    for (BlockArgument arg : templateBlock.getArguments()) {
-      blockArgTypes.push_back(arg.getType());
-      blockArgLocs.push_back(loc);
-    }
-
-    auto* newBlock =
-      rewriter.createBlock(&computeOp.getBody(), computeOp.getBody().end(), TypeRange(blockArgTypes), blockArgLocs);
-    IRMapping mapper;
-    for (auto [oldArg, newArg] : llvm::zip(templateBlock.getArguments(), newBlock->getArguments()))
-      mapper.map(oldArg, newArg);
-
-    rewriter.setInsertionPointToEnd(newBlock);
-    for (Operation& op : templateBlock)
-      rewriter.clone(op, mapper);
-
-    batchOp->replaceAllUsesWith(computeOp->getResults());
-    rewriter.eraseOp(batchOp);
-    return success();
-  }
-};
-
 // Promotes foldable helper chains from runtime inputs to weights to avoid artificial compute inputs.
 struct PromoteWeightLikeComputeInputsPattern : OpRewritePattern<spatial::SpatCompute> {
   using OpRewritePattern<spatial::SpatCompute>::OpRewritePattern;
@@ -96,11 +53,9 @@ struct PromoteWeightLikeComputeInputsPattern : OpRewritePattern<spatial::SpatCom
     bool needsRewrite = false;
     Block& oldBlock = compute.getBody().front();
     for (auto [inputIdx, input] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getInputs())) {
-      if (inputIdx >= oldBlock.getNumArguments())
-        continue;
       if (!isWeightLikeComputeOperand(input))
         continue;
-      if (isDirectConstantValue(input) && !canPromoteInputBlockArgument(oldBlock.getArgument(inputIdx)))
+      if (isDirectConstantValue(input) && !canPromoteInputBlockArgument(compute.getInputArgument(inputIdx)))
         continue;
       promoteInput[inputIdx] = true;
       needsRewrite = true;
@@ -131,8 +86,16 @@ struct PromoteWeightLikeComputeInputsPattern : OpRewritePattern<spatial::SpatCom
 
     auto newCompute =
       spatial::SpatCompute::create(rewriter, compute.getLoc(), compute.getResultTypes(), newWeights, newInputs);
+    SmallVector<Type> newBlockArgTypes;
+    SmallVector<Location> newBlockArgLocs;
+    for (Value weight : newWeights) {
+      newBlockArgTypes.push_back(weight.getType());
+      newBlockArgLocs.push_back(weight.getLoc());
+    }
+    llvm::append_range(newBlockArgTypes, newInputTypes);
+    llvm::append_range(newBlockArgLocs, newInputLocs);
     auto* newBlock =
-      rewriter.createBlock(&newCompute.getBody(), newCompute.getBody().end(), newInputTypes, newInputLocs);
+      rewriter.createBlock(&newCompute.getBody(), newCompute.getBody().end(), TypeRange(newBlockArgTypes), newBlockArgLocs);
     newCompute.getProperties().setOperandSegmentSizes(
       {static_cast<int>(newWeights.size()), static_cast<int>(newInputs.size())});
     rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(newBlock);
@@ -141,14 +104,17 @@ struct PromoteWeightLikeComputeInputsPattern : OpRewritePattern<spatial::SpatCom
     bodyRewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(newBlock);
 
     IRMapping mapper;
+    for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getWeights()))
+      mapper.map(compute.getWeightArgument(weightIndex), newCompute.getWeightArgument(weightIndex));
     size_t newInputIdx = 0;
-    for (auto [oldInputIdx, oldArg] : llvm::enumerate(oldBlock.getArguments())) {
+    for (auto [oldInputIdx, input] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getInputs())) {
+      BlockArgument oldArg = compute.getInputArgument(oldInputIdx);
       if (!promoteInput[oldInputIdx]) {
-        mapper.map(oldArg, newBlock->getArgument(newInputIdx++));
+        mapper.map(oldArg, newCompute.getInputArgument(newInputIdx++));
         continue;
       }
 
-      auto clonedValue = materializeWeightLikeValueInBlock(compute.getInputs()[oldInputIdx], bodyRewriter, mapper);
+      auto clonedValue = materializeWeightLikeValueInBlock(input, bodyRewriter, mapper);
       if (failed(clonedValue))
         return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "failed to materialize promoted weight-like operand");
       mapper.map(oldArg, *clonedValue);
@@ -180,11 +146,9 @@ struct PromoteWeightLikeComputeBatchInputsPattern : OpRewritePattern<spatial::Sp
     bool needsRewrite = false;
     Block& oldBlock = compute.getBody().front();
     for (auto [inputIdx, input] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getInputs())) {
-      if (inputIdx >= oldBlock.getNumArguments())
-        continue;
       if (!isWeightLikeComputeOperand(input))
         continue;
-      if (isDirectConstantValue(input) && !canPromoteInputBlockArgument(oldBlock.getArgument(inputIdx)))
+      if (isDirectConstantValue(input) && !canPromoteInputBlockArgument(compute.getInputArgument(inputIdx)))
         continue;
       promoteInput[inputIdx] = true;
       needsRewrite = true;
@@ -220,8 +184,25 @@ struct PromoteWeightLikeComputeBatchInputsPattern : OpRewritePattern<spatial::Sp
                                         rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(compute.getLaneCount())),
                                         newWeights,
                                         newInputs);
-    auto* newBlock =
-      rewriter.createBlock(&newCompute.getBody(), newCompute.getBody().end(), newInputTypes, newInputLocs);
+    SmallVector<Type> newBlockArgTypes;
+    SmallVector<Location> newBlockArgLocs;
+    newBlockArgTypes.reserve(1 + newWeights.size() + newInputTypes.size() + compute.getNumResults());
+    newBlockArgLocs.reserve(1 + newWeights.size() + newInputLocs.size() + compute.getNumResults());
+    newBlockArgTypes.push_back(compute.getLaneArgument().getType());
+    newBlockArgLocs.push_back(compute.getLaneArgument().getLoc());
+    for (Value weight : newWeights) {
+      newBlockArgTypes.push_back(weight.getType());
+      newBlockArgLocs.push_back(weight.getLoc());
+    }
+    llvm::append_range(newBlockArgTypes, newInputTypes);
+    llvm::append_range(newBlockArgLocs, newInputLocs);
+    for (auto [resultIndex, resultType] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getResultTypes())) {
+      newBlockArgTypes.push_back(resultType);
+      newBlockArgLocs.push_back(compute.getOutputArgument(resultIndex).getLoc());
+    }
+
+    auto* newBlock = rewriter.createBlock(
+      &newCompute.getBody(), newCompute.getBody().end(), TypeRange(newBlockArgTypes), newBlockArgLocs);
     newCompute.getProperties().setOperandSegmentSizes(
       {static_cast<int>(newWeights.size()), static_cast<int>(newInputs.size())});
     rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(newBlock);
@@ -230,31 +211,28 @@ struct PromoteWeightLikeComputeBatchInputsPattern : OpRewritePattern<spatial::Sp
     bodyRewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(newBlock);
 
     IRMapping mapper;
+    mapper.map(compute.getLaneArgument(), newCompute.getLaneArgument());
+    for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getWeights()))
+      mapper.map(compute.getWeightArgument(weightIndex), newCompute.getWeightArgument(weightIndex));
     size_t newInputIdx = 0;
-    for (auto [oldInputIdx, oldArg] : llvm::enumerate(oldBlock.getArguments())) {
+    for (auto [oldInputIdx, input] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getInputs())) {
+      BlockArgument oldArg = compute.getInputArgument(oldInputIdx);
       if (!promoteInput[oldInputIdx]) {
-        mapper.map(oldArg, newBlock->getArgument(newInputIdx++));
+        mapper.map(oldArg, newCompute.getInputArgument(newInputIdx++));
         continue;
       }
 
-      auto clonedValue = materializeWeightLikeValueInBlock(compute.getInputs()[oldInputIdx], bodyRewriter, mapper);
+      auto clonedValue = materializeWeightLikeValueInBlock(input, bodyRewriter, mapper);
       if (failed(clonedValue))
         return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "failed to materialize promoted batch weight-like operand");
       mapper.map(oldArg, *clonedValue);
     }
+    for (auto resultIndex : llvm::seq<size_t>(0, compute.getNumResults()))
+      mapper.map(compute.getOutputArgument(resultIndex), newBlock->getArgument(1 + newWeights.size() + newInputs.size() + resultIndex));
 
-    for (Operation& op : oldBlock.without_terminator())
+    for (Operation& op : oldBlock)
       rewriter.clone(op, mapper);
 
-    auto oldYield = cast<spatial::SpatYieldOp>(oldBlock.getTerminator());
-    SmallVector<Value> newYieldOperands;
-    newYieldOperands.reserve(oldYield.getOutputs().size());
-    for (Value operand : oldYield.getOutputs()) {
-      auto mapped = mapper.lookupOrNull(operand);
-      newYieldOperands.push_back(mapped ? cast<Value>(mapped) : operand);
-    }
-    spatial::SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, oldYield.getLoc(), newYieldOperands);
-
     rewriter.replaceOp(compute, newCompute.getResults());
     return success();
   }
@@ -262,10 +240,6 @@ struct PromoteWeightLikeComputeBatchInputsPattern : OpRewritePattern<spatial::Sp
 
 } // namespace
 
-void populateEarlyPostPatterns(RewritePatternSet& patterns, MLIRContext* ctx) {
-  patterns.add<FoldSingleLaneComputeBatchPattern>(ctx);
-}
-
 void populatePostPatterns(RewritePatternSet& patterns, MLIRContext* ctx) {
   patterns.add<PromoteWeightLikeComputeInputsPattern, PromoteWeightLikeComputeBatchInputsPattern>(ctx);
 }
@@ -277,8 +251,6 @@ void annotateWeightsConstants(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
   });
 }
 
-bool requiresEarlyPostRewrite(spatial::SpatComputeBatch batchOp) { return batchOp.getLaneCount() == 1; }
-
 bool requiresPostRewrite(spatial::SpatCompute computeOp) { return hasPromotableWeightLikeInputs(computeOp); }
 
 bool requiresPostRewrite(spatial::SpatComputeBatch computeOp) { return hasPromotableWeightLikeInputs(computeOp); }

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/PostPatterns.hpp

@@ -7,14 +7,10 @@
 
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 
-bool requiresEarlyPostRewrite(spatial::SpatComputeBatch batchOp);
-
 bool requiresPostRewrite(spatial::SpatCompute computeOp);
 
 bool requiresPostRewrite(spatial::SpatComputeBatch computeOp);
 
-void populateEarlyPostPatterns(mlir::RewritePatternSet& patterns, mlir::MLIRContext* ctx);
-
 void populatePostPatterns(mlir::RewritePatternSet& patterns, mlir::MLIRContext* ctx);
 
 void annotateWeightsConstants(mlir::func::FuncOp funcOp);

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/BatchCoreLoweringPatterns.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "mlir/Dialect/MemRef/IR/MemRef.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/IRMapping.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Matchers.h"
 
 #include "Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/Common.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
@@ -17,6 +18,37 @@ namespace {
 
 static int32_t translateSpatialCoreIdToPimCoreId(size_t spatialCoreId) { return static_cast<int32_t>(spatialCoreId); }
 
+static FailureOr<int32_t> getConstantI32Value(Value value) {
+  APInt constantValue;
+  if (!matchPattern(value, m_ConstantInt(&constantValue)))
+    return failure();
+  return static_cast<int32_t>(constantValue.getSExtValue());
+}
+
+static FailureOr<SmallVector<int32_t>> getConstantI32Values(ValueRange values) {
+  SmallVector<int32_t> constants;
+  constants.reserve(values.size());
+  for (Value value : values) {
+    FailureOr<int32_t> constantValue = getConstantI32Value(value);
+    if (failed(constantValue))
+      return failure();
+    constants.push_back(*constantValue);
+  }
+  return constants;
+}
+
+static bool isExplicitHostOperand(Operation* op, unsigned operandIndex) {
+  if (isa<pim::PimMemCopyDevToHostOp>(op))
+    return operandIndex == 2;
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool isUsedOnlyAsExplicitHostOperand(Value value) {
+  return !value.use_empty() && llvm::all_of(value.getUses(), [](OpOperand& use) {
+    return isExplicitHostOperand(use.getOwner(), use.getOperandNumber());
+  });
+}
+
 static SmallVector<int32_t> getPimCoreIdsForBatchOp(spatial::SpatComputeBatch computeBatchOp, size_t& fallbackCoreId) {
   if (auto coreIdsAttr = computeBatchOp->getAttrOfType<DenseI32ArrayAttr>(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName))
     return SmallVector<int32_t>(coreIdsAttr.asArrayRef().begin(), coreIdsAttr.asArrayRef().end());
@@ -28,27 +60,30 @@ static SmallVector<int32_t> getPimCoreIdsForBatchOp(spatial::SpatComputeBatch co
   return coreIds;
 }
 
-static void lowerChannelSendTensorBatch(spatial::SpatChannelSendTensorBatchOp sendTensorBatchOp,
+static LogicalResult lowerChannelSendTensorBatch(spatial::SpatChannelSendTensorBatchOp sendTensorBatchOp,
                                                  IRMapping& mapper,
                                                  IRRewriter& rewriter) {
-  SmallVector<int32_t> targetCoreIds;
-  targetCoreIds.reserve(sendTensorBatchOp.getTargetCoreIds().size());
-  for (int32_t targetCoreId : sendTensorBatchOp.getTargetCoreIds())
-    targetCoreIds.push_back(translateSpatialCoreIdToPimCoreId(targetCoreId));
+  FailureOr<SmallVector<int32_t>> targetCoreIds = getConstantI32Values(sendTensorBatchOp.getTargetCoreIds());
+  if (failed(targetCoreIds))
+    return sendTensorBatchOp.emitOpError("expected constant targetCoreIds");
+  for (int32_t& targetCoreId : *targetCoreIds)
+    targetCoreId = translateSpatialCoreIdToPimCoreId(targetCoreId);
 
   pim::PimSendTensorBatchOp::create(rewriter,
                                     sendTensorBatchOp.getLoc(),
                                     mapper.lookup(sendTensorBatchOp.getInput()),
-                                    rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(targetCoreIds));
+                                    rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(*targetCoreIds));
+  return success();
 }
 
-static void lowerChannelReceiveTensorBatch(spatial::SpatChannelReceiveTensorBatchOp receiveTensorBatchOp,
+static LogicalResult lowerChannelReceiveTensorBatch(spatial::SpatChannelReceiveTensorBatchOp receiveTensorBatchOp,
                                                     IRMapping& mapper,
                                                     IRRewriter& rewriter) {
-  SmallVector<int32_t> sourceCoreIds;
-  sourceCoreIds.reserve(receiveTensorBatchOp.getSourceCoreIds().size());
-  for (int32_t sourceCoreId : receiveTensorBatchOp.getSourceCoreIds())
-    sourceCoreIds.push_back(translateSpatialCoreIdToPimCoreId(sourceCoreId));
+  FailureOr<SmallVector<int32_t>> sourceCoreIds = getConstantI32Values(receiveTensorBatchOp.getSourceCoreIds());
+  if (failed(sourceCoreIds))
+    return receiveTensorBatchOp.emitOpError("expected constant sourceCoreIds");
+  for (int32_t& sourceCoreId : *sourceCoreIds)
+    sourceCoreId = translateSpatialCoreIdToPimCoreId(sourceCoreId);
 
   auto outputType = cast<ShapedType>(receiveTensorBatchOp.getOutput().getType());
   auto outputBuffer = createEmptyTensorFromShaped(rewriter, receiveTensorBatchOp.getLoc(), outputType);
@@ -56,24 +91,26 @@ static void lowerChannelReceiveTensorBatch(spatial::SpatChannelReceiveTensorBatc
                                                         receiveTensorBatchOp.getLoc(),
                                                         outputBuffer.getType(),
                                                         outputBuffer,
-                                                        rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(sourceCoreIds))
+                                                        rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(*sourceCoreIds))
                      .getOutput();
   mapper.map(receiveTensorBatchOp.getOutput(), received);
+  return success();
 }
 
 } // namespace
 
 LogicalResult
 lowerComputeBatchOp(spatial::SpatComputeBatch computeBatchOp, CoreLoweringState& state, IRRewriter& rewriter) {
-  if (computeBatchOp.getNumResults() != 0)
-    return computeBatchOp.emitOpError(
-      "batched Spatial-to-PIM lowering currently requires channelized compute_batch with no results");
-
   Location loc = computeBatchOp.getLoc();
   Block& oldBlock = computeBatchOp.getBody().front();
-  auto oldYield = cast<spatial::SpatYieldOp>(oldBlock.getTerminator());
-  if (oldYield.getNumOperands() != 0)
-    return computeBatchOp.emitOpError("batched Spatial-to-PIM lowering currently requires empty spat.yield");
+  if (computeBatchOp.getNumResults() != 0)
+    return computeBatchOp.emitOpError(
+      "batched Spatial-to-PIM lowering currently requires channelized compute_batch with no results; "
+      "materialize explicit communication before lowering to PIM");
+
+  auto oldYield = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatYieldOp>(oldBlock.getTerminator());
+  if (!oldYield || oldYield.getNumOperands() != 0)
+    return computeBatchOp.emitOpError("resultless compute_batch lowering requires empty spat.yield");
 
   SmallVector<int32_t> coreIds = getPimCoreIdsForBatchOp(computeBatchOp, state.nextCoreId);
   SmallVector<Value> batchWeights(computeBatchOp.getWeights().begin(), computeBatchOp.getWeights().end());
@@ -102,7 +139,12 @@ lowerComputeBatchOp(spatial::SpatComputeBatch computeBatchOp, CoreLoweringState&
 
   IRMapping mapper;
   rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(newBlock);
-  for (auto [oldArg, newArg] : llvm::zip(oldBlock.getArguments(), newBlock->getArguments())) {
+  mapper.map(computeBatchOp.getLaneArgument(), coreBatchOp.getLaneArgument());
+  for (unsigned weightIndex = 0; weightIndex < computeBatchOp.getWeights().size(); ++weightIndex)
+    mapper.map(computeBatchOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex), coreBatchOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex));
+  for (unsigned inputIndex = 0; inputIndex < computeBatchOp.getInputs().size(); ++inputIndex) {
+    BlockArgument oldArg = computeBatchOp.getInputArgument(inputIndex);
+    BlockArgument newArg = coreBatchOp.getInputArgument(inputIndex);
     auto newArgType = cast<ShapedType>(newArg.getType());
     auto outputBuffer = createEmptyTensorFromShaped(rewriter, loc, newArgType);
     auto copied = pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevBatchOp::create(rewriter,
@@ -142,20 +184,31 @@ lowerComputeBatchOp(spatial::SpatComputeBatch computeBatchOp, CoreLoweringState&
       continue;
 
     if (auto sendBatchOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatChannelSendBatchOp>(op)) {
+      FailureOr<SmallVector<int32_t>> targetCoreIds = getConstantI32Values(sendBatchOp.getTargetCoreIds());
+      if (failed(targetCoreIds))
+        return sendBatchOp.emitOpError("expected constant targetCoreIds");
+      for (int32_t& targetCoreId : *targetCoreIds)
+        targetCoreId = translateSpatialCoreIdToPimCoreId(targetCoreId);
       pim::PimSendBatchOp::create(rewriter,
                                   loc,
                                   mapper.lookup(sendBatchOp.getInput()),
                                   getTensorSizeInBytesAttr(rewriter, mapper.lookup(sendBatchOp.getInput())),
-                                  sendBatchOp.getTargetCoreIdsAttr());
+                                  rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(*targetCoreIds));
       continue;
     }
 
     if (auto sendTensorBatchOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatChannelSendTensorBatchOp>(op)) {
-      lowerChannelSendTensorBatch(sendTensorBatchOp, mapper, rewriter);
+      if (failed(lowerChannelSendTensorBatch(sendTensorBatchOp, mapper, rewriter)))
+        return failure();
       continue;
     }
 
     if (auto receiveBatchOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveBatchOp>(op)) {
+      FailureOr<SmallVector<int32_t>> sourceCoreIds = getConstantI32Values(receiveBatchOp.getSourceCoreIds());
+      if (failed(sourceCoreIds))
+        return receiveBatchOp.emitOpError("expected constant sourceCoreIds");
+      for (int32_t& sourceCoreId : *sourceCoreIds)
+        sourceCoreId = translateSpatialCoreIdToPimCoreId(sourceCoreId);
       auto outputType = cast<ShapedType>(receiveBatchOp.getOutput().getType());
       auto outputBuffer = createEmptyTensorFromShaped(rewriter, loc, outputType);
       auto received = pim::PimReceiveBatchOp::create(rewriter,
@@ -163,14 +216,15 @@ lowerComputeBatchOp(spatial::SpatComputeBatch computeBatchOp, CoreLoweringState&
                                                      outputBuffer.getType(),
                                                      outputBuffer,
                                                      getTensorSizeInBytesAttr(rewriter, receiveBatchOp.getOutput()),
-                                                     receiveBatchOp.getSourceCoreIdsAttr())
+                                                     rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(*sourceCoreIds))
                         .getOutput();
       mapper.map(receiveBatchOp.getOutput(), received);
       continue;
     }
 
     if (auto receiveTensorBatchOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveTensorBatchOp>(op)) {
-      lowerChannelReceiveTensorBatch(receiveTensorBatchOp, mapper, rewriter);
+      if (failed(lowerChannelReceiveTensorBatch(receiveTensorBatchOp, mapper, rewriter)))
+        return failure();
       continue;
     }
 
@@ -178,6 +232,10 @@ lowerComputeBatchOp(spatial::SpatComputeBatch computeBatchOp, CoreLoweringState&
       if (isa_and_present<memref::GetGlobalOp>(toTensorOp.getBuffer().getDefiningOp())) {
         Operation* cloned = rewriter.clone(op, mapper);
         auto clonedTensor = cloned->getResult(0);
+        if (isUsedOnlyAsExplicitHostOperand(toTensorOp.getResult())) {
+          mapper.map(toTensorOp.getResult(), clonedTensor);
+          continue;
+        }
         auto clonedType = cast<ShapedType>(clonedTensor.getType());
         auto outputBuffer = createEmptyTensorFromShaped(rewriter, loc, clonedType);
         auto copied = pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevBatchOp::create(rewriter,
@@ -194,9 +252,11 @@ lowerComputeBatchOp(spatial::SpatComputeBatch computeBatchOp, CoreLoweringState&
       }
     }
 
-    for (Value operand : op.getOperands()) {
+    for (auto [operandIndex, operand] : llvm::enumerate(op.getOperands())) {
       if (!isa<TensorType>(operand.getType()) || mapper.contains(operand))
         continue;
+      if (isExplicitHostOperand(&op, operandIndex))
+        continue;
 
       Operation* definingOp = operand.getDefiningOp();
       if (definingOp && definingOp->getBlock() == &oldBlock)

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ add_pim_library(OMSpatialToPim
 
   LINK_LIBS PUBLIC
   MLIRSCFDialect
+  MLIRSCFUtils
+  MLIRTransformUtils
   MLIRTosaDialect
   OMCompilerOptions
   OMPimCommon

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/ChannelLoweringPatterns.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Matchers.h"
 
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/ChannelLoweringPatterns.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/Common.hpp"
@@ -12,15 +13,24 @@ namespace {
 
 static int32_t toPimCoreId(int32_t spatialCoreId) { return spatialCoreId; }
 
+static FailureOr<SmallVector<int32_t>> getConstantI32Values(ValueRange values) {
+  SmallVector<int32_t> constants;
+  constants.reserve(values.size());
+  for (Value value : values) {
+    APInt constantValue;
+    if (!matchPattern(value, m_ConstantInt(&constantValue)))
+      return failure();
+    constants.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(constantValue.getSExtValue()));
+  }
+  return constants;
+}
+
 struct ChannelSendLowering : OpRewritePattern<spatial::SpatChannelSendOp> {
   using OpRewritePattern::OpRewritePattern;
 
   LogicalResult matchAndRewrite(spatial::SpatChannelSendOp op, PatternRewriter& rewriter) const override {
-    pim::PimSendOp::create(rewriter,
-                           op.getLoc(),
-                           op.getInput(),
-                           getTensorSizeInBytesAttr(rewriter, op.getInput()),
-                           rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(toPimCoreId(op.getTargetCoreId())));
+    pim::PimSendOp::create(
+      rewriter, op.getLoc(), op.getInput(), getTensorSizeInBytesAttr(rewriter, op.getInput()), op.getTargetCoreId());
     rewriter.eraseOp(op);
     return success();
   }
@@ -42,7 +52,7 @@ struct ChannelReceiveLowering : OpRewritePattern<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp>
                                                op.getResult().getType(),
                                                outputBuffer,
                                                getTensorSizeInBytesAttr(rewriter, op.getResult()),
-                                               rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(toPimCoreId(op.getSourceCoreId())))
+                                               op.getSourceCoreId())
                        .getOutput();
     rewriter.replaceOp(op, received);
     return success();
@@ -53,11 +63,12 @@ struct ChannelSendTensorLowering : OpRewritePattern<spatial::SpatChannelSendTens
   using OpRewritePattern::OpRewritePattern;
 
   LogicalResult matchAndRewrite(spatial::SpatChannelSendTensorOp op, PatternRewriter& rewriter) const override {
-    SmallVector<int32_t> targetCoreIds;
-    targetCoreIds.reserve(op.getTargetCoreIds().size());
-    for (int32_t targetCoreId : op.getTargetCoreIds())
-      targetCoreIds.push_back(toPimCoreId(targetCoreId));
-    pim::PimSendTensorOp::create(rewriter, op.getLoc(), op.getInput(), rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(targetCoreIds));
+    FailureOr<SmallVector<int32_t>> targetCoreIds = getConstantI32Values(op.getTargetCoreIds());
+    if (failed(targetCoreIds))
+      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(op, "expected constant targetCoreIds");
+    for (int32_t& targetCoreId : *targetCoreIds)
+      targetCoreId = toPimCoreId(targetCoreId);
+    pim::PimSendTensorOp::create(rewriter, op.getLoc(), op.getInput(), rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(*targetCoreIds));
     rewriter.eraseOp(op);
     return success();
   }
@@ -67,16 +78,17 @@ struct ChannelReceiveTensorLowering : OpRewritePattern<spatial::SpatChannelRecei
   using OpRewritePattern::OpRewritePattern;
 
   LogicalResult matchAndRewrite(spatial::SpatChannelReceiveTensorOp op, PatternRewriter& rewriter) const override {
-    SmallVector<int32_t> sourceCoreIds;
-    sourceCoreIds.reserve(op.getSourceCoreIds().size());
-    for (int32_t sourceCoreId : op.getSourceCoreIds())
-      sourceCoreIds.push_back(toPimCoreId(sourceCoreId));
+    FailureOr<SmallVector<int32_t>> sourceCoreIds = getConstantI32Values(op.getSourceCoreIds());
+    if (failed(sourceCoreIds))
+      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(op, "expected constant sourceCoreIds");
+    for (int32_t& sourceCoreId : *sourceCoreIds)
+      sourceCoreId = toPimCoreId(sourceCoreId);
     auto outputType = cast<ShapedType>(op.getOutput().getType());
     Value outputBuffer =
       tensor::EmptyOp::create(rewriter, op.getLoc(), outputType.getShape(), outputType.getElementType()).getResult();
     Value received =
       pim::PimReceiveTensorOp::create(
-        rewriter, op.getLoc(), op.getOutput().getType(), outputBuffer, rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(sourceCoreIds))
+        rewriter, op.getLoc(), op.getOutput().getType(), outputBuffer, rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(*sourceCoreIds))
         .getOutput();
     rewriter.replaceOp(op, received);
     return success();

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/ComputeLikeRegionUtils.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,10 @@ void replaceAndEraseDirectComputeLikeInput(PatternRewriter& rewriter,
                                            unsigned inputIndex,
                                            Value replacement) {
   Block& body = owner->getRegion(0).front();
-  BlockArgument bodyArgument = body.getArgument(inputIndex);
+  BlockArgument bodyArgument = isa<spatial::SpatCompute>(owner)
+                                 ? cast<spatial::SpatCompute>(owner).getInputArgument(inputIndex)
+                                 : cast<spatial::SpatComputeBatch>(owner).getInputArgument(inputIndex);
+  unsigned bodyArgIndex = bodyArgument.getArgNumber();
 
   rewriter.startOpModification(owner);
   bodyArgument.replaceAllUsesWith(replacement);
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ void replaceAndEraseDirectComputeLikeInput(PatternRewriter& rewriter,
     compute.getInputsMutable().erase(inputIndex);
   else
     cast<spatial::SpatComputeBatch>(owner).getInputsMutable().erase(inputIndex);
-  body.eraseArgument(inputIndex);
+  body.eraseArgument(bodyArgIndex);
   rewriter.finalizeOpModification(owner);
 }
 

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/CoreLoweringPatterns.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tosa/IR/TosaOps.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/IRMapping.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Matchers.h"
 
 #include "Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/Common.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
@@ -27,7 +28,8 @@ static bool isChannelUseChainOp(Operation* op) {
              pim::PimTransposeOp>(op);
 }
 
-static void cloneMappedHelperOperands(Operation* op, IRMapping& mapping, IRRewriter& rewriter) {
+static void
+cloneMappedHelperOperands(Operation* op, IRMapping& mapping, IRRewriter& rewriter, OperationFolder& constantFolder) {
   for (Value operand : op->getOperands()) {
     if (mapping.lookupOrNull(operand))
       continue;
@@ -36,7 +38,12 @@ static void cloneMappedHelperOperands(Operation* op, IRMapping& mapping, IRRewri
     if (!definingOp)
       continue;
 
-    if (!isa<tensor::EmptyOp, arith::ConstantOp>(definingOp))
+    if (auto constantOp = dyn_cast<arith::ConstantOp>(definingOp)) {
+      mapping.map(operand, getOrCreateHostConstantLike(constantOp, constantFolder));
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (!isa<tensor::EmptyOp>(definingOp))
       continue;
 
     Operation* clonedOp = rewriter.clone(*definingOp, mapping);
@@ -48,6 +55,18 @@ static void cloneMappedHelperOperands(Operation* op, IRMapping& mapping, IRRewri
 
 static int32_t translateSpatialCoreIdToPimCoreId(size_t spatialCoreId) { return static_cast<int32_t>(spatialCoreId); }
 
+static FailureOr<SmallVector<int32_t>> getConstantI32Values(ValueRange values) {
+  SmallVector<int32_t> constants;
+  constants.reserve(values.size());
+  for (Value value : values) {
+    APInt constantValue;
+    if (!matchPattern(value, m_ConstantInt(&constantValue)))
+      return failure();
+    constants.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(constantValue.getSExtValue()));
+  }
+  return constants;
+}
+
 static int32_t getPimCoreIdForComputeOp(spatial::SpatCompute computeOp, size_t& fallbackCoreId) {
   if (auto spatialCoreIdAttr = computeOp->getAttrOfType<IntegerAttr>(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdAttrName))
     return static_cast<int32_t>(spatialCoreIdAttr.getInt());
@@ -92,7 +111,9 @@ static LogicalResult collectHelperComputeChain(spatial::SpatCompute computeOp,
   return success();
 }
 
-static bool inlineInputlessHelperComputeForWeightLikeUsers(spatial::SpatCompute computeOp, IRRewriter& rewriter) {
+static bool inlineInputlessHelperComputeForWeightLikeUsers(spatial::SpatCompute computeOp,
+                                                           IRRewriter& rewriter,
+                                                           OperationFolder& constantFolder) {
   if (!computeOp.getInputs().empty() || computeOp.getNumResults() != 1)
     return false;
   if (!llvm::all_of(computeOp.getResult(0).getUsers(), [](Operation* user) {
@@ -101,7 +122,7 @@ static bool inlineInputlessHelperComputeForWeightLikeUsers(spatial::SpatCompute
     return false;
 
   Block& block = computeOp.getBody().front();
-  if (block.getNumArguments() != 0)
+  if (block.getNumArguments() != computeOp.getWeights().size())
     return false;
 
   auto yieldOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatYieldOp>(block.getTerminator());
@@ -110,8 +131,10 @@ static bool inlineInputlessHelperComputeForWeightLikeUsers(spatial::SpatCompute
 
   rewriter.setInsertionPoint(computeOp);
   IRMapping mapping;
+  for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(computeOp.getWeights()))
+    mapping.map(computeOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex), weight);
   for (Operation& op : block.without_terminator()) {
-    cloneMappedHelperOperands(&op, mapping, rewriter);
+    cloneMappedHelperOperands(&op, mapping, rewriter, constantFolder);
     Operation* clonedOp = rewriter.clone(op, mapping);
     for (auto [originalResult, newResult] : llvm::zip(op.getResults(), clonedOp->getResults()))
       mapping.map(originalResult, newResult);
@@ -133,7 +156,7 @@ void markOpToRemove(CoreLoweringState& state, Operation* op) {
 LogicalResult lowerComputeOp(spatial::SpatCompute computeOp, CoreLoweringState& state, IRRewriter& rewriter) {
   Location loc = computeOp->getLoc();
 
-  if (inlineInputlessHelperComputeForWeightLikeUsers(computeOp, rewriter))
+  if (inlineInputlessHelperComputeForWeightLikeUsers(computeOp, rewriter, state.constantFolder))
     return success();
 
   SmallVector<Operation*> helperChain;
@@ -143,21 +166,42 @@ LogicalResult lowerComputeOp(spatial::SpatCompute computeOp, CoreLoweringState&
   auto& block = computeOp.getRegion().front();
   auto yieldOp = cast<spatial::SpatYieldOp>(block.getTerminator());
 
-  for (auto [argIndex, blockArg] : llvm::enumerate(block.getArguments())) {
-    auto receiveOp = dyn_cast_or_null<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp>(computeOp.getInputs()[argIndex].getDefiningOp());
-    if (!receiveOp || blockArg.use_empty())
-      continue;
-
+  for (auto [inputIndex, input] : llvm::enumerate(computeOp.getInputs())) {
+    BlockArgument blockArg = computeOp.getInputArgument(inputIndex);
+    auto receiveOp = dyn_cast_or_null<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp>(input.getDefiningOp());
+    if (receiveOp && !blockArg.use_empty()) {
       rewriter.setInsertionPoint(getEarliestUserWithinBlock(blockArg));
       auto outputType = cast<ShapedType>(blockArg.getType());
       auto outputBuffer = createEmptyTensorFromShaped(rewriter, receiveOp.getLoc(), outputType);
       auto sizeAttr = getTensorSizeInBytesAttr(rewriter, blockArg);
-    auto sourceCoreIdAttr = rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(translateSpatialCoreIdToPimCoreId(receiveOp.getSourceCoreId()));
-    Value received = PimReceiveOp::create(
-                       rewriter, receiveOp.getLoc(), outputBuffer.getType(), outputBuffer, sizeAttr, sourceCoreIdAttr)
+      Value received =
+        PimReceiveOp::create(
+          rewriter, receiveOp.getLoc(), outputBuffer.getType(), outputBuffer, sizeAttr, receiveOp.getSourceCoreId())
           .getOutput();
       blockArg.replaceAllUsesWith(received);
       markOpToRemove(state, receiveOp);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    auto receiveTensorOp = dyn_cast_or_null<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveTensorOp>(input.getDefiningOp());
+    if (receiveTensorOp && !blockArg.use_empty()) {
+      FailureOr<SmallVector<int32_t>> sourceCoreIds = getConstantI32Values(receiveTensorOp.getSourceCoreIds());
+      if (failed(sourceCoreIds))
+        return receiveTensorOp.emitOpError("expected constant sourceCoreIds");
+      for (int32_t& sourceCoreId : *sourceCoreIds)
+        sourceCoreId = translateSpatialCoreIdToPimCoreId(sourceCoreId);
+      rewriter.setInsertionPoint(getEarliestUserWithinBlock(blockArg));
+      auto outputType = cast<ShapedType>(blockArg.getType());
+      auto outputBuffer = createEmptyTensorFromShaped(rewriter, receiveTensorOp.getLoc(), outputType);
+      Value received = PimReceiveTensorOp::create(rewriter,
+                                                  receiveTensorOp.getLoc(),
+                                                  outputBuffer.getType(),
+                                                  outputBuffer,
+                                                  rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(*sourceCoreIds))
+                         .getOutput();
+      blockArg.replaceAllUsesWith(received);
+      markOpToRemove(state, receiveTensorOp);
+    }
   }
 
   if (computeOp.getNumResults() != yieldOp.getNumOperands())
@@ -197,11 +241,36 @@ LogicalResult lowerComputeOp(spatial::SpatCompute computeOp, CoreLoweringState&
                                   loc,
                                   ValueRange(computeWeights),
                                   rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(getPimCoreIdForComputeOp(computeOp, state.nextCoreId)));
+  rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(&block);
   auto& coreOpBlocks = coreOp.getBody().getBlocks();
-  for (auto [argIndex, blockArg] : llvm::enumerate(block.getArguments()))
-    if (!blockArg.use_empty())
-      blockArg.replaceAllUsesWith(computeOp.getInputs()[argIndex]);
-  block.eraseArguments(0, block.getNumArguments());
+  for (auto [inputIndex, input] : llvm::enumerate(computeOp.getInputs())) {
+    BlockArgument blockArg = computeOp.getInputArgument(inputIndex);
+    if (blockArg.use_empty())
+      continue;
+
+    if (auto constantOp = input.getDefiningOp<arith::ConstantOp>()) {
+      blockArg.replaceAllUsesWith(getOrCreateHostConstantLike(constantOp, state.constantFolder));
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    auto inputType = dyn_cast<ShapedType>(input.getType());
+    if (!inputType)
+      return computeOp.emitOpError("expected shaped compute input during pim.core lowering");
+    auto outputBuffer = createEmptyTensorFromShaped(rewriter, loc, inputType);
+    auto copied =
+      PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(rewriter,
+                                    loc,
+                                    outputBuffer.getType(),
+                                    getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(outputBuffer.getOperation(), 0, state.constantFolder),
+                                    getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(outputBuffer.getOperation(), 0, state.constantFolder),
+                                    outputBuffer,
+                                    input,
+                                    getTensorSizeInBytesAttr(rewriter, input))
+        .getOutput();
+    blockArg.replaceAllUsesWith(copied);
+  }
+  if (!computeOp.getInputs().empty())
+    block.eraseArguments(computeOp.getWeights().size(), computeOp.getInputs().size());
   coreOpBlocks.splice(coreOpBlocks.begin(), computeOp.getBody().getBlocks());
   Block* tempComputeBlock = new Block();
   computeOp.getBody().push_back(tempComputeBlock);

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/CoreLoweringPatterns.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "mlir/IR/PatternMatch.h"
+#include "mlir/Transforms/FoldUtils.h"
 
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/ReturnPathNormalization.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ struct CoreLoweringState {
   size_t& nextCoreId;
   llvm::SmallVectorImpl<OutputTensorFactory>& outputTensors;
   llvm::SmallVectorImpl<mlir::Operation*>& operationsToRemove;
+  mlir::OperationFolder& constantFolder;
 };
 
 void markOpToRemove(CoreLoweringState& state, mlir::Operation* op);

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/GlobalTensorMaterialization.cpp

@@ -76,8 +76,7 @@ struct MoveExtractSliceIntoCompute final : OpRewritePattern<mlir::tensor::Extrac
         auto inputIndex = getDirectComputeLikeInputIndex(spatCompute, uses.getOperandNumber());
         if (!inputIndex)
           return failure();
-        auto BBArgIndex = *inputIndex;
-        auto BBArgValue = spatCompute.getBody().front().getArgument(BBArgIndex);
+        auto BBArgValue = spatCompute.getInputArgument(*inputIndex);
 
         if (BBArgValue.use_empty())
           continue;
@@ -89,14 +88,13 @@ struct MoveExtractSliceIntoCompute final : OpRewritePattern<mlir::tensor::Extrac
         }
 
         replaceAndEraseDirectComputeLikeInput(
-          rewriter, spatCompute.getOperation(), BBArgIndex, mapSpatToExtract[spatCompute.getOperation()]);
+          rewriter, spatCompute.getOperation(), *inputIndex, mapSpatToExtract[spatCompute.getOperation()]);
       }
       else if (auto spatComputeBatch = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatComputeBatch>(uses.getOwner())) {
         auto inputIndex = getDirectComputeLikeInputIndex(spatComputeBatch, uses.getOperandNumber());
         if (!inputIndex)
           return failure();
-        auto BBArgIndex = *inputIndex;
-        auto BBArgValue = spatComputeBatch.getBody().front().getArgument(BBArgIndex);
+        auto BBArgValue = spatComputeBatch.getInputArgument(*inputIndex);
 
         if (BBArgValue.use_empty())
           continue;
@@ -108,7 +106,7 @@ struct MoveExtractSliceIntoCompute final : OpRewritePattern<mlir::tensor::Extrac
         }
 
         replaceAndEraseDirectComputeLikeInput(
-          rewriter, spatComputeBatch.getOperation(), BBArgIndex, mapSpatToExtract[spatComputeBatch.getOperation()]);
+          rewriter, spatComputeBatch.getOperation(), *inputIndex, mapSpatToExtract[spatComputeBatch.getOperation()]);
       }
       else {
         {
@@ -254,7 +252,7 @@ struct ArithConstToGlobalMemoryPattern final : OpRewritePattern<mlir::arith::Con
       }
     }
     else if (constantOp.getType().isIntOrIndexOrFloat()) {
-      llvm::DenseMap<Operation*, Value> mapSpatComputeToConst;
+      Value hostConstant = constantOp.getResult();
 
       for (auto& constUses : llvm::make_early_inc_range(constantOp->getUses())) {
         auto constUsers = constUses.getOwner();
@@ -264,40 +262,22 @@ struct ArithConstToGlobalMemoryPattern final : OpRewritePattern<mlir::arith::Con
           if (!inputIndex)
             return failure();
           auto BBArgIndex = *inputIndex;
-          rewriter.setInsertionPoint(&spatCompute.getBody().front().front());
-          auto newConst = rewriter.clone(*constantOp);
-
-          replaceAndEraseDirectComputeLikeInput(
-            rewriter, spatCompute.getOperation(), BBArgIndex, newConst->getResult(0));
+          replaceAndEraseDirectComputeLikeInput(rewriter, spatCompute.getOperation(), BBArgIndex, hostConstant);
         }
         else if (auto spatComputeBatch = llvm::dyn_cast<spatial::SpatComputeBatch>(constUsers)) {
           auto inputIndex = getDirectComputeLikeInputIndex(spatComputeBatch, constUses.getOperandNumber());
           if (!inputIndex)
             return failure();
           auto BBArgIndex = *inputIndex;
-          rewriter.setInsertionPoint(&spatComputeBatch.getBody().front().front());
-          auto newConst = rewriter.clone(*constantOp);
-
-          replaceAndEraseDirectComputeLikeInput(
-            rewriter, spatComputeBatch.getOperation(), BBArgIndex, newConst->getResult(0));
+          replaceAndEraseDirectComputeLikeInput(rewriter, spatComputeBatch.getOperation(), BBArgIndex, hostConstant);
         }
-        else if (auto parent = constUsers->getParentOfType<spatial::SpatCompute>()) {
-          if (!mapSpatComputeToConst.contains(parent)) {
-            rewriter.setInsertionPoint(&parent.getBody().front().front());
-            auto newConst = rewriter.clone(*constantOp);
-            mapSpatComputeToConst.insert({parent.getOperation(), newConst->getResult(0)});
-          }
-          constUses.set(mapSpatComputeToConst[parent.getOperation()]);
+        else if (constUsers->getParentOfType<spatial::SpatCompute>()) {
+          constUses.set(hostConstant);
         }
         else {
           auto batchParent = constUsers->getParentOfType<spatial::SpatComputeBatch>();
           assert(batchParent && "Global Constant used direcly not within a compute");
-          if (!mapSpatComputeToConst.contains(batchParent.getOperation())) {
-            rewriter.setInsertionPoint(&batchParent.getBody().front().front());
-            auto newConst = rewriter.clone(*constantOp);
-            mapSpatComputeToConst.insert({batchParent.getOperation(), newConst->getResult(0)});
-          }
-          constUses.set(mapSpatComputeToConst[batchParent.getOperation()]);
+          constUses.set(hostConstant);
         }
       }
     }

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/ReturnPathNormalization.cpp

@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@
 #include "mlir/IR/BuiltinOps.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/IRMapping.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/SymbolTable.h"
+#include "mlir/Transforms/FoldUtils.h"
 
 #include "Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/Common.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/Common.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/ReturnPathNormalization.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.hpp"
@@ -318,7 +320,8 @@ static LogicalResult mapIndicesThroughHelperChain(ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceIndice
   return success();
 }
 
-static void cloneMappedHelperOperands(Operation* op, IRMapping& mapping, IRRewriter& rewriter) {
+static void
+cloneMappedHelperOperands(Operation* op, IRMapping& mapping, IRRewriter& rewriter, OperationFolder& constantFolder) {
   for (Value operand : op->getOperands()) {
     if (mapping.lookupOrNull(operand))
       continue;
@@ -327,7 +330,12 @@ static void cloneMappedHelperOperands(Operation* op, IRMapping& mapping, IRRewri
     if (!definingOp)
       continue;
 
-    if (!isa<tensor::EmptyOp, arith::ConstantOp>(definingOp))
+    if (auto constantOp = dyn_cast<arith::ConstantOp>(definingOp)) {
+      mapping.map(operand, getOrCreateHostConstantLike(constantOp, constantFolder));
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (!isa<tensor::EmptyOp>(definingOp))
       continue;
 
     Operation* clonedOp = rewriter.clone(*definingOp, mapping);
@@ -337,15 +345,18 @@ static void cloneMappedHelperOperands(Operation* op, IRMapping& mapping, IRRewri
   }
 }
 
-static void
-cloneHelperChain(Value sourceValue, ArrayRef<Operation*> helperChain, IRRewriter& rewriter, Value& clonedValue) {
+static void cloneHelperChain(Value sourceValue,
+                             ArrayRef<Operation*> helperChain,
+                             IRRewriter& rewriter,
+                             OperationFolder& constantFolder,
+                             Value& clonedValue) {
   IRMapping mapping;
   mapping.map(sourceValue, sourceValue);
   clonedValue = sourceValue;
 
   rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(sourceValue);
   for (Operation* op : helperChain) {
-    cloneMappedHelperOperands(op, mapping, rewriter);
+    cloneMappedHelperOperands(op, mapping, rewriter, constantFolder);
     Operation* clonedOp = rewriter.clone(*op, mapping);
     for (auto [originalResult, newResult] : llvm::zip(op->getResults(), clonedOp->getResults()))
       mapping.map(originalResult, newResult);
@@ -360,14 +371,19 @@ static Value emitHostCopy(IRRewriter& rewriter,
                           Value sourceValue,
                           int32_t hostTargetOffset,
                           int32_t deviceSourceOffset,
-                          int32_t sizeInBytes) {
+                          int32_t sizeInBytes,
+                          OperationFolder& constantFolder) {
+  Operation* anchorOp = sourceValue.getDefiningOp() ? sourceValue.getDefiningOp() : outputTensor.getDefiningOp();
+  assert(anchorOp && "expected a concrete op anchor for return-path host copy constants");
+  Value hostTargetOffsetValue = getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(anchorOp, hostTargetOffset, constantFolder);
+  Value deviceSourceOffsetValue = getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(anchorOp, deviceSourceOffset, constantFolder);
   return PimMemCopyDevToHostOp::create(rewriter,
                                        loc,
                                        outputTensor.getType(),
+                                       hostTargetOffsetValue,
+                                       deviceSourceOffsetValue,
                                        outputTensor,
                                        sourceValue,
-                                       rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(hostTargetOffset),
-                                       rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(deviceSourceOffset),
                                        rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(sizeInBytes))
     .getOutput();
 }
@@ -411,69 +427,84 @@ void addReturnOutputBuffers(func::ReturnOp returnOp,
   }
 }
 
-ReturnPathLoweringResult lowerComputeResultReturnPath(
-  spatial::SpatCompute computeOp, OpResult result, Value yieldValue, ReturnPathState& state, IRRewriter& rewriter) {
-  Location loc = computeOp->getLoc();
-  auto yieldType = cast<TensorType>(yieldValue.getType());
+ReturnPathLoweringResult lowerProducedValueReturnPath(
+  Operation* producerOp, Value producedValue, Value storedValue, ReturnPathState& state, IRRewriter& rewriter) {
+  Location loc = producerOp->getLoc();
+  OperationFolder constantFolder(producerOp->getContext());
+  auto storedTensorType = cast<TensorType>(storedValue.getType());
 
-  if (auto returnUse = analyzeReturnUse(result)) {
-    Value storedValue = yieldValue;
-    cloneHelperChain(yieldValue, returnUse->helperChain, rewriter, storedValue);
+  if (auto returnUse = analyzeReturnUse(producedValue)) {
+    Value currentStoredValue = storedValue;
+    cloneHelperChain(storedValue, returnUse->helperChain, rewriter, constantFolder, currentStoredValue);
     for (Operation* op : returnUse->helperChain)
       markOpToRemove(state, op);
 
-    auto storedType = cast<ShapedType>(storedValue.getType());
+    auto storedType = cast<ShapedType>(currentStoredValue.getType());
     size_t elementSize = storedType.getElementTypeBitWidth() / 8;
-    if (auto storedOp = storedValue.getDefiningOp())
+    if (auto storedOp = currentStoredValue.getDefiningOp())
       rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(storedOp);
     Value outputTensor = state.outputTensors[returnUse->returnIndex](rewriter, loc);
-    emitHostCopy(
-      rewriter, loc, outputTensor, storedValue, 0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(storedType.getNumElements() * elementSize));
+    emitHostCopy(rewriter,
+                 loc,
+                 outputTensor,
+                 currentStoredValue,
+                 0,
+                 0,
+                 static_cast<int32_t>(storedType.getNumElements() * elementSize),
+                 constantFolder);
     return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Handled;
   }
 
-  auto resultUses = result.getUses();
+  auto resultUses = producedValue.getUses();
   if (rangeLength(resultUses) == 1) {
     OpOperand& resultUse = *resultUses.begin();
     Operation* resultUser = resultUse.getOwner();
 
     if (isa<func::ReturnOp>(resultUser)) {
       size_t resultIndexInReturn = resultUse.getOperandNumber();
-      size_t elementSize = yieldType.getElementType().getIntOrFloatBitWidth() / 8;
-      rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(yieldValue);
+      size_t elementSize = storedTensorType.getElementType().getIntOrFloatBitWidth() / 8;
+      rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(storedValue);
       Value outputTensor = state.outputTensors[resultIndexInReturn](rewriter, loc);
-      emitHostCopy(
-        rewriter, loc, outputTensor, yieldValue, 0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(yieldType.getNumElements() * elementSize));
+      emitHostCopy(rewriter,
+                   loc,
+                   outputTensor,
+                   storedValue,
+                   0,
+                   0,
+                   static_cast<int32_t>(storedTensorType.getNumElements() * elementSize),
+                   constantFolder);
       return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Handled;
     }
   }
 
-  if (auto concatReturnUse = analyzeConcatReturnUse(result)) {
-    size_t elementSize = yieldType.getElementTypeBitWidth() / 8;
+  if (auto concatReturnUse = analyzeConcatReturnUse(producedValue)) {
+    size_t elementSize = storedTensorType.getElementTypeBitWidth() / 8;
     for (Operation* concatOp : concatReturnUse->concatChain)
       markOpToRemove(state, concatOp);
 
     if (concatReturnUse->helperChain.empty()) {
-      rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(yieldValue);
+      rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(storedValue);
       Value outputTensor = state.outputTensors[concatReturnUse->returnIndex](rewriter, loc);
       auto outputType = cast<ShapedType>(outputTensor.getType());
       int64_t flatOffset = computeFlatElementIndex(concatReturnUse->sliceOffsets, outputType.getShape());
       emitHostCopy(rewriter,
                    loc,
                    outputTensor,
-                   yieldValue,
+                   storedValue,
                    static_cast<int32_t>(flatOffset * elementSize),
                    0,
-                   static_cast<int32_t>(yieldType.getNumElements() * elementSize));
+                   static_cast<int32_t>(storedTensorType.getNumElements() * elementSize),
+                   constantFolder);
       return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Handled;
     }
 
-    auto storedType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(yieldValue.getType());
+    auto storedType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(storedValue.getType());
     if (!storedType) {
-      computeOp.emitOpError("has an unsupported non-ranked concat-return helper yield during Spatial-to-PIM lowering");
+      producerOp->emitOpError(
+        "has an unsupported non-ranked concat-return helper yield during Spatial-to-PIM lowering");
       return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Failure;
     }
-    rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(yieldValue);
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(storedValue);
     Value outputTensor = state.outputTensors[concatReturnUse->returnIndex](rewriter, loc);
     auto outputType = cast<ShapedType>(outputTensor.getType());
     for (int64_t linearIndex = 0; linearIndex < storedType.getNumElements(); ++linearIndex) {
@@ -484,7 +515,7 @@ ReturnPathLoweringResult lowerComputeResultReturnPath(
       SmallVector<int64_t> destinationIndices;
       if (failed(mapIndicesThroughHelperChain(
             sourceIndices, concatReturnUse->concatShape, concatReturnUse->helperChain, destinationIndices))) {
-        computeOp.emitOpError("has an unsupported concat-return helper chain during Spatial-to-PIM lowering");
+        producerOp->emitOpError("has an unsupported concat-return helper chain during Spatial-to-PIM lowering");
         return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Failure;
       }
 
@@ -503,7 +534,7 @@ ReturnPathLoweringResult lowerComputeResultReturnPath(
       auto scalarTensorType =
         RankedTensorType::get(SmallVector<int64_t>(storedType.getRank(), 1), storedType.getElementType());
       auto elementSlice = tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(
-        rewriter, loc, scalarTensorType, yieldValue, extractOffsets, extractSizes, extractStrides);
+        rewriter, loc, scalarTensorType, storedValue, extractOffsets, extractSizes, extractStrides);
       rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(elementSlice);
 
       int64_t destinationFlatOffset = computeFlatElementIndex(destinationIndices, outputType.getShape());
@@ -513,7 +544,8 @@ ReturnPathLoweringResult lowerComputeResultReturnPath(
                                   elementSlice.getResult(),
                                   static_cast<int32_t>(destinationFlatOffset * elementSize),
                                   0,
-                                  static_cast<int32_t>(elementSize));
+                                  static_cast<int32_t>(elementSize),
+                                  constantFolder);
     }
     return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Handled;
   }
@@ -521,6 +553,11 @@ ReturnPathLoweringResult lowerComputeResultReturnPath(
   return ReturnPathLoweringResult::NotReturnPath;
 }
 
+ReturnPathLoweringResult lowerComputeResultReturnPath(
+  spatial::SpatCompute computeOp, OpResult result, Value yieldValue, ReturnPathState& state, IRRewriter& rewriter) {
+  return lowerProducedValueReturnPath(computeOp.getOperation(), result, yieldValue, state, rewriter);
+}
+
 void replaceReturnWithOutputBuffers(func::ReturnOp returnOp, IRRewriter& rewriter, ReturnPathState& state) {
   auto markOwnedReturnChain = [&](Operation* op, auto&& markOwnedReturnChain) -> void {
     if (!op)
@@ -569,7 +606,16 @@ void replaceReturnWithOutputBuffers(func::ReturnOp returnOp, IRRewriter& rewrite
       markOpToRemove(state, concatOp);
       for (Value operand : concatOp.getInputs())
         markOwnedReturnChain(operand.getDefiningOp(), markOwnedReturnChain);
+      return;
     }
+
+    if (auto receiveOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp>(op)) {
+      markOpToRemove(state, receiveOp);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (auto receiveTensorOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveTensorOp>(op))
+      markOpToRemove(state, receiveTensorOp);
   };
 
   SmallVector<Value> originalOperands(returnOp.getOperands().begin(), returnOp.getOperands().end());

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/ReturnPathNormalization.hpp

@@ -32,6 +32,12 @@ ReturnPathLoweringResult lowerComputeResultReturnPath(spatial::SpatCompute compu
                                                       ReturnPathState& state,
                                                       mlir::IRRewriter& rewriter);
 
+ReturnPathLoweringResult lowerProducedValueReturnPath(mlir::Operation* producerOp,
+                                                      mlir::Value producedValue,
+                                                      mlir::Value storedValue,
+                                                      ReturnPathState& state,
+                                                      mlir::IRRewriter& rewriter);
+
 void replaceReturnWithOutputBuffers(mlir::func::ReturnOp returnOp, mlir::IRRewriter& rewriter, ReturnPathState& state);
 
 } // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/SpatialToPim.td

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ def onnxToPimTranspose : Pat<
 >;
 
 def spatToPimVMM : Pat<
-  (SpatVMMOp:$srcOpRes $weightIndex, $vector),
-  (PimVMMOp $weightIndex, $vector,
+  (SpatVMMOp:$srcOpRes $weight, $vector),
+  (PimVMMOp $weight, $vector,
     (NativeCodeCall<"onnx_mlir::getBestOutputTensorFromOperandsOrAllocate($_builder, $0.getDefiningOp())"> $srcOpRes))
 >;
 

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/SpatialToPimPass.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/MemRef/IR/MemRef.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/Utils/Utils.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/BuiltinDialect.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/BuiltinOps.h"
@@ -12,6 +13,8 @@
 #include "mlir/IR/SymbolTable.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Value.h"
 #include "mlir/Pass/Pass.h"
+#include "mlir/Transforms/FoldUtils.h"
+#include "mlir/Transforms/GreedyPatternRewriteDriver.h"
 #include "mlir/Transforms/WalkPatternRewriteDriver.h"
 
 #include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
@@ -104,23 +107,34 @@ static memref::GlobalOp getOrCreateZeroGlobal(IRRewriter& rewriter, Location loc
                                   IntegerAttr {});
 }
 
-static Value createZeroedDeviceHVector(IRRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, RankedTensorType tensorType) {
+static Value createZeroedDeviceHVector(IRRewriter& rewriter,
+                                       Location loc,
+                                       RankedTensorType tensorType,
+                                       OperationFolder& constantFolder) {
   auto outputBuffer = createEmptyTensorFromShaped(rewriter, loc, tensorType);
   auto zeroGlobal = getOrCreateZeroGlobal(rewriter, loc, tensorType);
   auto zeroValue = memref::GetGlobalOp::create(rewriter, loc, zeroGlobal.getType(), zeroGlobal.getName());
-  auto zeroAttr = rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(0);
+  auto zeroIndex = getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(outputBuffer.getOperation(), 0, constantFolder);
   auto sizeAttr = rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(getShapedTypeSizeInBytes(tensorType)));
 
   if (outputBuffer->getParentOfType<PimCoreBatchOp>())
-    return PimMemCopyHostToDevBatchOp::create(
-             rewriter, loc, tensorType, outputBuffer, zeroValue, zeroAttr, zeroAttr, sizeAttr)
+    return PimMemCopyHostToDevBatchOp::create(rewriter,
+                                              loc,
+                                              tensorType,
+                                              outputBuffer,
+                                              zeroValue,
+                                              rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(0),
+                                              rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(0),
+                                              sizeAttr)
       .getOutput();
 
-  return PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(rewriter, loc, tensorType, outputBuffer, zeroValue, zeroAttr, zeroAttr, sizeAttr)
+  return PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(
+           rewriter, loc, tensorType, zeroIndex, zeroIndex, outputBuffer, zeroValue, sizeAttr)
     .getOutput();
 }
 
-static Value padHVectorInputToCrossbarSize(IRRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, Value vector) {
+static Value
+padHVectorInputToCrossbarSize(IRRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, Value vector, OperationFolder& constantFolder) {
   auto vectorType = cast<RankedTensorType>(vector.getType());
   ArrayRef<int64_t> shape = vectorType.getShape();
   assert(isHVectorShape(shape) && "expected a horizontal vector");
@@ -131,7 +145,7 @@ static Value padHVectorInputToCrossbarSize(IRRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, V
 
   auto paddedType = RankedTensorType::get(
     {shape[0], static_cast<int64_t>(crossbarSize)}, vectorType.getElementType(), vectorType.getEncoding());
-  Value zeroed = createZeroedDeviceHVector(rewriter, loc, paddedType);
+  Value zeroed = createZeroedDeviceHVector(rewriter, loc, paddedType, constantFolder);
   auto zeroAttr = rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(0);
   auto sizeAttr = rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(getShapedTypeSizeInBytes(vectorType)));
   return PimMemCopyOp::create(rewriter, loc, paddedType, zeroed, vector, zeroAttr, zeroAttr, sizeAttr).getOutput();
@@ -151,6 +165,7 @@ void SpatialToPimPass::runOnOperation() {
   func::FuncOp funcOp = *entryFunc;
 
   IRRewriter rewriter(&getContext());
+  OperationFolder constantFolder(&getContext());
 
   ConversionTarget target(*ctx);
   target.addLegalDialect<PimDialect,
@@ -181,16 +196,17 @@ void SpatialToPimPass::runOnOperation() {
   RewritePatternSet globalTensorPatterns(ctx);
   populateGlobalTensorMaterializationPatterns(globalTensorPatterns);
   walkAndApplyPatterns(moduleOp, std::move(globalTensorPatterns));
-  auto returnOp = cast<func::ReturnOp>(funcOp.front().getTerminator());
 
+  auto returnOp = cast<func::ReturnOp>(funcOp.front().getTerminator());
   addReturnOutputBuffers(returnOp, rewriter, outputTensors);
+  ReturnPathState returnPathState {outputTensors, operationsToRemove};
   if (failed(allocateAndInitializeCoreLocalVariables(funcOp, rewriter))) {
     funcOp.emitOpError("failed to allocate or initialize core-local tensors during Spatial-to-PIM lowering");
     signalPassFailure();
     return;
   }
 
-  CoreLoweringState coreLoweringState {coreId, outputTensors, operationsToRemove};
+  CoreLoweringState coreLoweringState {coreId, outputTensors, operationsToRemove, constantFolder};
   for (auto computeOp : funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatCompute>()) {
     markOpToRemove(computeOp);
     if (failed(lowerComputeOp(computeOp, coreLoweringState, rewriter))) {
@@ -251,7 +267,6 @@ void SpatialToPimPass::runOnOperation() {
   }
 
   enlargeVMMOutTensorsToCrossbarSize(funcOp, rewriter);
-  ReturnPathState returnPathState {outputTensors, operationsToRemove};
   replaceReturnWithOutputBuffers(returnOp, rewriter, returnPathState);
 
   SmallVector<Operation*> pendingRemovals(operationsToRemove.begin(), operationsToRemove.end());
@@ -302,6 +317,7 @@ void SpatialToPimPass::runOnOperation() {
 }
 
 void SpatialToPimPass::enlargeVMMOutTensorsToCrossbarSize(func::FuncOp funcOp, IRRewriter& rewriter) {
+  OperationFolder constantFolder(funcOp.getContext());
   funcOp.walk([&](PimVMMOp vmmOp) {
     auto outputType = cast<RankedTensorType>(vmmOp.getOutput().getType());
     ArrayRef<int64_t> outputShape = outputType.getShape();
@@ -309,7 +325,7 @@ void SpatialToPimPass::enlargeVMMOutTensorsToCrossbarSize(func::FuncOp funcOp, I
     assert(outputShape[1] <= static_cast<int64_t>(crossbarSize) && "output width must fit in one crossbar");
 
     rewriter.setInsertionPoint(vmmOp);
-    Value paddedInput = padHVectorInputToCrossbarSize(rewriter, vmmOp.getLoc(), vmmOp.getInput());
+    Value paddedInput = padHVectorInputToCrossbarSize(rewriter, vmmOp.getLoc(), vmmOp.getInput(), constantFolder);
     auto paddedOutputType = RankedTensorType::get(
       {outputShape[0], static_cast<int64_t>(crossbarSize)}, outputType.getElementType(), outputType.getEncoding());
     Value paddedOutputBuffer = outputShape[1] == static_cast<int64_t>(crossbarSize)
@@ -336,10 +352,13 @@ void SpatialToPimPass::enlargeVMMOutTensorsToCrossbarSize(func::FuncOp funcOp, I
 
 LogicalResult SpatialToPimPass::allocateAndInitializeCoreLocalVariables(func::FuncOp funcOp, IRRewriter& rewriter) {
   Location loc = funcOp.getLoc();
+  OperationFolder constantFolder(funcOp.getContext());
 
   auto insertMemCopyHostToDev = [&](Value inputTensor, int64_t elementsOffset) {
     auto tensorType = cast<ShapedType>(inputTensor.getType());
     Type elementType = tensorType.getElementType();
+    if (!elementType.isIntOrFloat())
+      return;
     size_t elementByteSize = elementType.getIntOrFloatBitWidth() / 8;
     rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(inputTensor.getDefiningOp());
 
@@ -349,10 +368,11 @@ LogicalResult SpatialToPimPass::allocateAndInitializeCoreLocalVariables(func::Fu
       rewriter,
       loc,
       tensorType,
+      getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(deviceTensor.getOperation(), 0, constantFolder),
+      getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(
+        deviceTensor.getOperation(), static_cast<int64_t>(elementsOffset * elementByteSize), constantFolder),
       deviceTensor,
       inputTensor,
-      rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(0),
-      rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(elementsOffset * elementByteSize)),
       rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(tensorType.getNumElements() * elementByteSize)));
 
     rewriter.replaceAllUsesExcept(inputTensor, memCopyHostToDevOp.getResult(), {memCopyHostToDevOp});

src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Pim.td

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define PIM_DIALECT_H
 
 include "mlir/IR/OpBase.td"
+include "mlir/IR/OpAsmInterface.td"
 include "mlir/IR/AttrTypeBase.td"
 include "mlir/Dialect/MemRef/IR/MemRefBase.td"
 include "mlir/Interfaces/SideEffectInterfaces.td"
@@ -24,7 +25,8 @@ def PimTensor :
 // Execution
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
-def PimCoreOp : PimOp<"core", [SingleBlock, IsolatedFromAbove]> {
+def PimCoreOp : PimOp<"core", [SingleBlock,
+    DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<OpAsmOpInterface, ["getAsmBlockArgumentNames"]>]> {
   let summary = "Execute a block on a PIM core";
 
   let regions = (region SizedRegion<1>:$body);
@@ -34,12 +36,16 @@ def PimCoreOp : PimOp<"core", [SingleBlock, IsolatedFromAbove]> {
     I32Attr:$coreId
   );
 
-  let assemblyFormat = [{
-    `(` $weights `)` attr-dict regions `:` type($weights) `->` `(` `)`
+  let extraClassDeclaration = [{
+    ::mlir::BlockArgument getWeightArgument(unsigned idx);
   }];
+
+  let hasVerifier = 1;
+  let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
 }
 
-def PimCoreBatchOp : PimOp<"core_batch", [SingleBlock, IsolatedFromAbove, AttrSizedOperandSegments]> {
+def PimCoreBatchOp : PimOp<"core_batch", [SingleBlock, AttrSizedOperandSegments,
+    DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<OpAsmOpInterface, ["getAsmBlockArgumentNames"]>]> {
   let summary = "Execute equivalent batched core bodies";
 
   let regions = (region SizedRegion<1>:$body);
@@ -50,6 +56,13 @@ def PimCoreBatchOp : PimOp<"core_batch", [SingleBlock, IsolatedFromAbove, AttrSi
     Variadic<PimTensor>:$inputs
   );
 
+  let extraClassDeclaration = [{
+    ::mlir::BlockArgument getLaneArgument();
+    ::mlir::BlockArgument getWeightArgument(unsigned idx);
+    ::mlir::BlockArgument getInputArgument(unsigned idx);
+  }];
+
+  let hasVerifier = 1;
   let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
 }
 
@@ -81,11 +94,11 @@ def PimSendOp : PimOp<"send", []> {
   let arguments = (ins
     PimTensor:$input,
     I32Attr:$size,
-    I32Attr:$targetCoreId
+    Index:$targetCoreId
   );
 
   let assemblyFormat = [{
-    `(` $input `)` attr-dict `:` type($input) `->` `(` `)`
+    `(` $input `,` $targetCoreId `)` attr-dict `:` type($input) `->` `(` `)`
   }];
 }
 
@@ -131,7 +144,7 @@ def PimReceiveOp : PimOp<"receive", [DestinationStyleOpInterface]> {
   let arguments = (ins
     PimTensor:$outputBuffer,
     I32Attr:$size,
-    I32Attr:$sourceCoreId
+    Index:$sourceCoreId
   );
 
   let results = (outs
@@ -145,7 +158,7 @@ def PimReceiveOp : PimOp<"receive", [DestinationStyleOpInterface]> {
   }];
 
   let assemblyFormat = [{
-    `(` $outputBuffer `)` attr-dict `:` type($outputBuffer) `->` type($output)
+    `(` $outputBuffer `,` $sourceCoreId `)` attr-dict `:` type($outputBuffer) `->` type($output)
   }];
 }
 
@@ -219,10 +232,10 @@ def PimMemCopyHostToDevOp : PimOp<"memcp_hd", [DestinationStyleOpInterface]> {
   let summary = "Copy a memory region from host memory into device memory";
 
   let arguments = (ins
+    Index:$deviceTargetOffset,
+    Index:$hostSourceOffset,
     PimTensor:$deviceTarget,
     PimTensor:$hostSource,
-    I32Attr:$deviceTargetOffset,
-    I32Attr:$hostSourceOffset,
     I32Attr:$size
   );
 
@@ -237,7 +250,9 @@ def PimMemCopyHostToDevOp : PimOp<"memcp_hd", [DestinationStyleOpInterface]> {
   }];
 
   let assemblyFormat = [{
-    `(` $deviceTarget `,` $hostSource `)` attr-dict `:` `(` type($deviceTarget) `,` type($hostSource) `)` `->` type($output)
+    `[` $deviceTargetOffset `,` $hostSourceOffset `]`
+    `(` $deviceTarget `,` $hostSource `)` attr-dict
+    `:` type($deviceTarget) `,` type($hostSource) `->` type($output)
   }];
 }
 
@@ -271,10 +286,10 @@ def PimMemCopyDevToHostOp : PimOp<"memcp_dh", [DestinationStyleOpInterface]> {
   let summary = "Copy a memory region from device memory into host memory";
 
   let arguments = (ins
+    Index:$hostTargetOffset,
+    Index:$deviceSourceOffset,
     PimTensor:$hostTarget,
     PimTensor:$deviceSource,
-    I32Attr:$hostTargetOffset,
-    I32Attr:$deviceSourceOffset,
     I32Attr:$size
   );
 
@@ -289,7 +304,9 @@ def PimMemCopyDevToHostOp : PimOp<"memcp_dh", [DestinationStyleOpInterface]> {
   }];
 
   let assemblyFormat = [{
-    `(` $hostTarget `,` $deviceSource `)` attr-dict `:` `(` type($hostTarget) `,` type($deviceSource) `)` `->` type($output)
+    `[` $hostTargetOffset `,` $deviceSourceOffset `]`
+    `(` $hostTarget `,` $deviceSource `)` attr-dict
+    `:` type($hostTarget) `,` type($deviceSource) `->` type($output)
   }];
 }
 
@@ -374,7 +391,7 @@ def PimVMMOp : PimOp<"vmm", [DestinationStyleOpInterface]> {
   let summary = "Vector-matrix multiplication: c = a * b";
 
   let arguments = (ins
-    I32Attr:$weightIndex,
+    PimTensor:$weight,
     PimTensor:$input,
     PimTensor:$outputBuffer
   );
@@ -391,7 +408,8 @@ def PimVMMOp : PimOp<"vmm", [DestinationStyleOpInterface]> {
 
   let hasVerifier = 1;
   let assemblyFormat = [{
-    `(` $input `,` $outputBuffer `)` attr-dict `:` `(` type($input) `,` type($outputBuffer) `)` `->` type($output)
+    `[` $weight `]` `(` $input `,` $outputBuffer `)` attr-dict `:` `(` type($weight) `,` type($input) `,`
+      type($outputBuffer) `)` `->` type($output)
   }];
 }
 

src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,41 @@
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.hpp"
 
+#include <string>
+
+using namespace mlir;
+
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 namespace pim {
 
+BlockArgument PimCoreOp::getWeightArgument(unsigned idx) { return getBody().front().getArgument(idx); }
+
+void PimCoreOp::getAsmBlockArgumentNames(Region& region, OpAsmSetValueNameFn setNameFn) {
+  if (region.empty())
+    return;
+
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < getWeights().size(); ++index)
+    setNameFn(getWeightArgument(index), ("w" + std::to_string(index)).c_str());
+}
+
+BlockArgument PimCoreBatchOp::getLaneArgument() { return getBody().front().getArgument(0); }
+
+BlockArgument PimCoreBatchOp::getWeightArgument(unsigned idx) { return getBody().front().getArgument(1 + idx); }
+
+BlockArgument PimCoreBatchOp::getInputArgument(unsigned idx) {
+  return getBody().front().getArgument(1 + getWeights().size() + idx);
+}
+
+void PimCoreBatchOp::getAsmBlockArgumentNames(Region& region, OpAsmSetValueNameFn setNameFn) {
+  if (region.empty())
+    return;
+
+  setNameFn(getLaneArgument(), "lane");
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < getWeights().size(); ++index)
+    setNameFn(getWeightArgument(index), ("w" + std::to_string(index)).c_str());
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < getInputs().size(); ++index)
+    setNameFn(getInputArgument(index), ("in" + std::to_string(index)).c_str());
+}
+
 void PimDialect::initialize() {
   addOperations<
 #define GET_OP_LIST

src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOpsAsm.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,80 @@ static DenseI32ArrayAttr getDenseI32ArrayAttr(OpAsmParser& parser, ArrayRef<int3
   return parser.getBuilder().getDenseI32ArrayAttr(values);
 }
 
+static IntegerAttr getI32Attr(OpAsmParser& parser, int32_t value) {
+  return parser.getBuilder().getI32IntegerAttr(value);
+}
+
+static bool parseOptionalKeywordAlias(OpAsmParser& parser, StringRef preferred, StringRef legacy) {
+  return succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword(preferred)) || succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword(legacy));
+}
+
+static void printBlockArgumentList(OpAsmPrinter& printer, ArrayRef<BlockArgument> arguments) {
+  printer << "(";
+  for (auto [index, argument] : llvm::enumerate(arguments)) {
+    if (index != 0)
+      printer << ", ";
+    printer.printOperand(argument);
+  }
+  printer << ")";
+}
+
+static ParseResult parseBlockArgumentList(OpAsmParser& parser, SmallVectorImpl<OpAsmParser::Argument>& arguments) {
+  if (parser.parseLParen())
+    return failure();
+  if (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalRParen()))
+    return success();
+
+  OpAsmParser::Argument argument;
+  if (parser.parseArgument(argument))
+    return failure();
+  arguments.push_back(argument);
+  while (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalComma())) {
+    if (parser.parseArgument(argument))
+      return failure();
+    arguments.push_back(argument);
+  }
+  return parser.parseRParen();
+}
+
+static void printBoundValueList(OpAsmPrinter& printer, ValueRange arguments, ValueRange operands, ListDelimiter delimiter) {
+  printCompressedValueList(printer, arguments, delimiter);
+  printer << " = ";
+  printCompressedValueList(printer, operands, delimiter);
+}
+
+static ParseResult parseBoundValueList(OpAsmParser& parser,
+                                       ListDelimiter delimiter,
+                                       SmallVectorImpl<OpAsmParser::Argument>& arguments,
+                                       SmallVectorImpl<OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand>& operands) {
+  if (parseOpenDelimiter(parser, delimiter))
+    return failure();
+  if (succeeded(parseOptionalCloseDelimiter(parser, delimiter))) {
+    if (parser.parseEqual() || parseCompressedOperandList(parser, delimiter, operands))
+      return failure();
+    return success();
+  }
+
+  if (parseOneCompressedArgumentEntry(parser, arguments))
+    return failure();
+  while (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalComma()))
+    if (parseOneCompressedArgumentEntry(parser, arguments))
+      return failure();
+
+  auto parseCloseDelimiter = [&](ListDelimiter currentDelimiter) -> ParseResult {
+    switch (currentDelimiter) {
+    case ListDelimiter::Paren:
+      return parser.parseRParen();
+    case ListDelimiter::Square:
+      return parser.parseRSquare();
+    }
+    llvm_unreachable("unsupported delimiter");
+  };
+  if (parseCloseDelimiter(delimiter) || parser.parseEqual() || parseCompressedOperandList(parser, delimiter, operands))
+    return failure();
+  return success();
+}
+
 static void printCoreIdList(OpAsmPrinter& printer, StringRef keyword, ArrayRef<int32_t> coreIds) {
   printer << " " << keyword << " ";
   printCompressedIntegerList(printer, coreIds);
@@ -33,15 +107,76 @@ static ParseResult parseOptionalCoreIdList(OpAsmParser& parser, StringRef keywor
 
 } // namespace
 
-void PimCoreBatchOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
-  printer << " lanes " << getLaneCount() << " ";
-  size_t weightsPerLane = getLaneCount() > 0 ? getWeights().size() / static_cast<size_t>(getLaneCount()) : 0;
-  if (getLaneCount() > 1 && hasRepeatedTuple(getWeights(), weightsPerLane))
-    printValueTupleRun(printer, getWeights(), weightsPerLane, ListDelimiter::Paren);
-  else
-    printCompressedValueList(printer, getWeights(), ListDelimiter::Paren);
+void PimCoreOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
+  SmallVector<Value> weightArgs;
+  weightArgs.reserve(getWeights().size());
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < getWeights().size(); ++index)
+    weightArgs.push_back(getWeightArgument(index));
+
   printer << " ";
-  printCompressedValueList(printer, getInputs(), ListDelimiter::Square);
+  printBoundValueList(printer, weightArgs, getWeights(), ListDelimiter::Square);
+  printer << " coreId " << getCoreId();
+  printer.printOptionalAttrDict((*this)->getAttrs(), {getCoreIdAttrName().getValue()});
+  printer << " : ";
+  printCompressedTypeList(printer, TypeRange(getWeights()), ListDelimiter::Square);
+  printer << " -> () ";
+  printer.printRegion(getBody(), /*printEntryBlockArgs=*/false);
+}
+
+ParseResult PimCoreOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
+  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::Argument> weightArgs;
+  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand> weights;
+  SmallVector<Type> weightTypes;
+  int32_t coreId = 0;
+
+  if (parseBoundValueList(parser, ListDelimiter::Square, weightArgs, weights))
+    return failure();
+
+  bool hasCoreId = parseOptionalKeywordAlias(parser, "coreId", "core_id");
+  if (hasCoreId && parser.parseInteger(coreId))
+    return failure();
+
+  if (parser.parseOptionalAttrDict(result.attributes) || parser.parseColon()
+      || parseCompressedRepeatedList(
+        parser, ListDelimiter::Square, weightTypes, [&](Type& type) { return parser.parseType(type); })
+      || parser.parseArrow() || parser.parseLParen() || parser.parseRParen())
+    return failure();
+
+  if (weights.size() != weightTypes.size())
+    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of weights and weight types must match");
+  if (weightArgs.size() != weights.size())
+    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of weight bindings and weight operands must match");
+  if (hasCoreId && result.attributes.get("coreId"))
+    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(),
+                            "coreId cannot be specified both positionally and in attr-dict");
+
+  if (parser.resolveOperands(weights, weightTypes, parser.getCurrentLocation(), result.operands))
+    return failure();
+
+  if (hasCoreId)
+    result.addAttribute("coreId", getI32Attr(parser, coreId));
+
+  Region* body = result.addRegion();
+  applyArgumentTypes(weightTypes, weightArgs);
+  return parser.parseRegion(*body, weightArgs);
+}
+
+void PimCoreBatchOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
+  printer << " ";
+  printer.printOperand(getLaneArgument());
+  printer << " = 0 to " << getLaneCount() << " ";
+
+  SmallVector<Value> weightArgs;
+  weightArgs.reserve(getWeights().size());
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < getWeights().size(); ++index)
+    weightArgs.push_back(getWeightArgument(index));
+  printBoundValueList(printer, weightArgs, getWeights(), ListDelimiter::Square);
+  printer << " ";
+  SmallVector<Value> inputArgs;
+  inputArgs.reserve(getInputs().size());
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < getInputs().size(); ++index)
+    inputArgs.push_back(getInputArgument(index));
+  printBoundValueList(printer, inputArgs, getInputs(), ListDelimiter::Paren);
 
   if (auto coreIdsAttr = (*this)->getAttrOfType<DenseI32ArrayAttr>(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName))
     printCoreIdList(printer, "coreIds", coreIdsAttr.asArrayRef());
@@ -49,51 +184,57 @@ void PimCoreBatchOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
   printer.printOptionalAttrDict(
     (*this)->getAttrs(),
     {getLaneCountAttrName().getValue(), getOperandSegmentSizesAttrName().getValue(), onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName});
-  printer << " ";
-  printer.printRegion(getBody(), /*printEntryBlockArgs=*/false);
   printer << " : ";
-  if (getLaneCount() > 1 && hasRepeatedTuple(TypeRange(getWeights()), weightsPerLane))
-    printTypeTupleRun(printer, TypeRange(getWeights()), weightsPerLane, ListDelimiter::Paren);
-  else
-    printCompressedTypeList(printer, TypeRange(getWeights()), ListDelimiter::Paren);
+  printCompressedTypeList(printer, TypeRange(getWeights()), ListDelimiter::Square);
   printer << " ";
-  printCompressedTypeList(printer, TypeRange(getInputs()), ListDelimiter::Square);
+  printCompressedTypeList(printer, TypeRange(getInputs()), ListDelimiter::Paren);
   printer << " -> () ";
+  printer.printRegion(getBody(), /*printEntryBlockArgs=*/false);
 }
 
 ParseResult PimCoreBatchOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
+  int64_t lowerBound = 0;
   int32_t laneCount = 0;
+  OpAsmParser::Argument laneArg;
+  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::Argument> weightArgs;
+  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::Argument> inputArgs;
+  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::Argument> regionArgs;
   SmallVector<OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand> weights;
   SmallVector<OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand> inputs;
   SmallVector<Type> weightTypes;
   SmallVector<Type> inputTypes;
   SmallVector<int32_t> coreIds;
 
-  if (parser.parseKeyword("lanes") || parser.parseInteger(laneCount)
-      || parseCompressedOrTupleOperandList(parser, ListDelimiter::Paren, weights)
-      || parseCompressedOperandList(parser, ListDelimiter::Square, inputs))
+  if (parser.parseArgument(laneArg) || parser.parseEqual() || parser.parseInteger(lowerBound)
+      || parser.parseKeyword("to") || parser.parseInteger(laneCount))
+    return failure();
+  if (lowerBound != 0)
+    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "core_batch currently requires a zero lower bound");
+
+  if (parseBoundValueList(parser, ListDelimiter::Square, weightArgs, weights)
+      || parseBoundValueList(parser, ListDelimiter::Paren, inputArgs, inputs))
     return failure();
 
-  bool hasCoreIds = succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword("coreIds"));
+  bool hasCoreIds = parseOptionalKeywordAlias(parser, "coreIds", "core_ids");
   if (hasCoreIds && parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, coreIds))
     return failure();
 
-  if (parser.parseOptionalAttrDict(result.attributes))
-    return failure();
-
-  Region* body = result.addRegion();
-  if (parser.parseRegion(*body))
-    return failure();
-
-  if (parser.parseColon() || parseCompressedOrTupleTypeList(parser, ListDelimiter::Paren, weightTypes)
-      || parseCompressedTypeList(parser, ListDelimiter::Square, inputTypes) || parser.parseArrow()
-      || parser.parseLParen() || parser.parseRParen())
+  if (parser.parseOptionalAttrDict(result.attributes) || parser.parseColon()
+      || parseCompressedRepeatedList(
+        parser, ListDelimiter::Square, weightTypes, [&](Type& type) { return parser.parseType(type); })
+      || parseCompressedRepeatedList(
+        parser, ListDelimiter::Paren, inputTypes, [&](Type& type) { return parser.parseType(type); })
+      || parser.parseArrow() || parser.parseLParen() || parser.parseRParen())
     return failure();
 
   if (weights.size() != weightTypes.size())
     return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of weights and weight types must match");
+  if (weightArgs.size() != weights.size())
+    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of weight bindings and weight operands must match");
   if (inputs.size() != inputTypes.size())
     return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of inputs and input types must match");
+  if (inputArgs.size() != inputs.size())
+    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of input bindings and input operands must match");
   if (hasCoreIds && result.attributes.get(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName))
     return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(),
                             "coreIds cannot be specified both positionally and in attr-dict");
@@ -110,7 +251,15 @@ ParseResult PimCoreBatchOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
       || parser.resolveOperands(inputs, inputTypes, parser.getCurrentLocation(), result.operands)) {
     return failure();
   }
-  return success();
+
+  Region* body = result.addRegion();
+  laneArg.type = builder.getIndexType();
+  regionArgs.push_back(laneArg);
+  applyArgumentTypes(weightTypes, weightArgs);
+  llvm::append_range(regionArgs, weightArgs);
+  applyArgumentTypes(inputTypes, inputArgs);
+  llvm::append_range(regionArgs, inputArgs);
+  return parser.parseRegion(*body, regionArgs);
 }
 
 void PimYieldOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {

src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOpsVerify.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypeInterfaces.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Block.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Diagnostics.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/OpDefinition.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/TypeUtilities.h"
 
 #include "llvm/Support/LogicalResult.h"
@@ -14,6 +16,52 @@ namespace pim {
 
 namespace {
 
+static bool isExplicitHostOperand(Operation* op, unsigned operandIndex) {
+  if (isa<PimMemCopyHostToDevOp>(op))
+    return operandIndex == 3;
+  if (isa<PimMemCopyHostToDevBatchOp>(op))
+    return operandIndex == 1;
+  if (isa<PimMemCopyDevToHostOp>(op))
+    return operandIndex == 2;
+  return false;
+}
+
+static Region* getParentRegion(Value value) {
+  if (auto blockArgument = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(value))
+    return blockArgument.getParentRegion();
+  Operation* definingOp = value.getDefiningOp();
+  return definingOp ? definingOp->getParentRegion() : nullptr;
+}
+
+static bool isDefinedInsideRegion(Value value, Region& region) {
+  Region* parentRegion = getParentRegion(value);
+  return parentRegion && (&region == parentRegion || region.isAncestor(parentRegion));
+}
+
+static bool isConstantExternalValue(Value value) {
+  Operation* definingOp = value.getDefiningOp();
+  return definingOp && definingOp->hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>();
+}
+
+static LogicalResult verifyOnlyConstantExternalValues(Operation* ownerOp, Region& region, StringRef kind) {
+  bool hasFailure = false;
+  region.walk([&](Operation* op) {
+    for (OpOperand& operand : op->getOpOperands()) {
+      Value value = operand.get();
+      if (isDefinedInsideRegion(value, region) || isConstantExternalValue(value)
+          || isExplicitHostOperand(op, operand.getOperandNumber()))
+        continue;
+
+      InFlightDiagnostic diagnostic =
+        ownerOp->emitOpError() << kind << " body may only directly reference external constants";
+      diagnostic.attachNote(op->getLoc())
+        << "non-constant external operand #" << operand.getOperandNumber() << " is used by " << op->getName();
+      hasFailure = true;
+    }
+  });
+  return success(!hasFailure);
+}
+
 static bool haveSameShapedContainerKind(Type lhs, Type rhs) {
   return (isa<RankedTensorType>(lhs) && isa<RankedTensorType>(rhs)) || (isa<MemRefType>(lhs) && isa<MemRefType>(rhs));
 }
@@ -78,24 +126,46 @@ verifyTensorBatchCommunication(Operation* op, Type type, ArrayRef<int32_t> coreI
   return success();
 }
 
-static FailureOr<ArrayRef<int64_t>> getWeightShapeForVMM(Operation* op, size_t weightIndex) {
-  if (auto coreOp = op->getParentOfType<PimCoreOp>()) {
-    if (weightIndex >= coreOp.getWeights().size())
-      return failure();
-    return cast<ShapedType>(coreOp.getWeights()[weightIndex].getType()).getShape();
-  }
-
-  if (auto coreBatchOp = op->getParentOfType<PimCoreBatchOp>()) {
-    if (weightIndex >= coreBatchOp.getWeights().size())
-      return failure();
-    return cast<ShapedType>(coreBatchOp.getWeights()[weightIndex].getType()).getShape();
-  }
-
+static FailureOr<ArrayRef<int64_t>> getWeightShapeForVMM(Value weight) {
+  auto shapedType = dyn_cast<ShapedType>(weight.getType());
+  if (!shapedType)
     return failure();
+  return shapedType.getShape();
 }
 
 } // namespace
 
+LogicalResult PimCoreOp::verify() {
+  Block& block = getBody().front();
+  if (block.getNumArguments() != getWeights().size())
+    return emitError("core body must have one block argument per weight");
+  for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(getWeights())) {
+    if (getWeightArgument(weightIndex).getType() != weight.getType())
+      return emitError("core weight block argument types must match weight operand types exactly");
+  }
+  return verifyOnlyConstantExternalValues(getOperation(), getBody(), "pim.core");
+}
+
+LogicalResult PimCoreBatchOp::verify() {
+  if (getLaneCount() <= 0)
+    return emitError("laneCount must be positive");
+  Block& block = getBody().front();
+  unsigned expectedArgCount = 1 + getWeights().size() + getInputs().size();
+  if (block.getNumArguments() != expectedArgCount)
+    return emitError("core_batch body must have lane, weight, and input block arguments");
+  if (!getLaneArgument().getType().isIndex())
+    return emitError("core_batch first block argument must have index type");
+  for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(getWeights())) {
+    if (getWeightArgument(weightIndex).getType() != weight.getType())
+      return emitError("core_batch weight block argument types must match weight operand types exactly");
+  }
+  for (auto [inputIndex, input] : llvm::enumerate(getInputs())) {
+    if (getInputArgument(inputIndex).getType() != input.getType())
+      return emitError("core_batch input block argument types must match input operand types exactly");
+  }
+  return verifyOnlyConstantExternalValues(getOperation(), getBody(), "pim.core_batch");
+}
+
 LogicalResult PimSendTensorOp::verify() {
   return verifyTensorCommunication(getOperation(), getInput().getType(), getTargetCoreIds(), "send_tensor");
 }
@@ -126,9 +196,9 @@ LogicalResult PimVMMOp::verify() {
         getOperation(), getOutputBuffer().getType(), getOutput().getType(), "output buffer and output must match")))
     return failure();
 
-  auto matrixShapeOpt = getWeightShapeForVMM(getOperation(), getWeightIndex());
+  auto matrixShapeOpt = getWeightShapeForVMM(getWeight());
   if (failed(matrixShapeOpt))
-    return emitError("must be nested inside pim.core or pim.core_batch with a valid weightIndex");
+    return emitError("weight must be a shaped value");
   ArrayRef<int64_t> matrixShape = *matrixShapeOpt;
 
   auto vectorType = dyn_cast<ShapedType>(getInput().getType());

src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/OpBufferizationInterfaces.cpp

@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ struct MemCopyHostToDevOpInterface
     replaceOpWithNewBufferizedOp<PimMemCopyHostToDevOp>(rewriter,
                                                         memCopyHostToDevOp,
                                                         deviceTargetMemRef.getType(),
+                                                        memCopyHostToDevOp.getDeviceTargetOffset(),
+                                                        memCopyHostToDevOp.getHostSourceOffset(),
                                                         deviceTargetMemRef,
                                                         hostSourceMemRef,
-                                                        memCopyHostToDevOp.getDeviceTargetOffsetAttr(),
-                                                        memCopyHostToDevOp.getHostSourceOffsetAttr(),
                                                         memCopyHostToDevOp.getSizeAttr());
     return success();
   }
@@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ struct MemCopyDevToHostOpInterface
     replaceOpWithNewBufferizedOp<PimMemCopyDevToHostOp>(rewriter,
                                                         memCopyDevToHostOp,
                                                         hostTargetMemRef.getType(),
+                                                        memCopyDevToHostOp.getHostTargetOffset(),
+                                                        memCopyDevToHostOp.getDeviceSourceOffset(),
                                                         hostTargetMemRef,
                                                         deviceSourceMemRef,
-                                                        memCopyDevToHostOp.getHostTargetOffsetAttr(),
-                                                        memCopyDevToHostOp.getDeviceSourceOffsetAttr(),
                                                         memCopyDevToHostOp.getSizeAttr());
     return success();
   }
@@ -151,12 +151,8 @@ struct ReceiveOpInterface : DstBufferizableOpInterfaceExternalModel<ReceiveOpInt
     if (failed(outputBufferOpt))
       return failure();
 
-    replaceOpWithNewBufferizedOp<PimReceiveOp>(rewriter,
-                                               op,
-                                               outputBufferOpt->getType(),
-                                               *outputBufferOpt,
-                                               receiveOp.getSizeAttr(),
-                                               receiveOp.getSourceCoreIdAttr());
+    replaceOpWithNewBufferizedOp<PimReceiveOp>(
+      rewriter, op, outputBufferOpt->getType(), *outputBufferOpt, receiveOp.getSizeAttr(), receiveOp.getSourceCoreId());
     return success();
   }
 };
@@ -302,7 +298,7 @@ struct SendOpInterface : BufferizableOpInterface::ExternalModel<SendOpInterface,
                                             op,
                                             materializeContiguousMemRef(*inputOpt, op->getLoc(), rewriter),
                                             sendOp.getSizeAttr(),
-                                            sendOp.getTargetCoreIdAttr());
+                                            sendOp.getTargetCoreId());
     return success();
   }
 };
@@ -368,6 +364,37 @@ struct CoreOpInterface : BufferizableOpInterface::ExternalModel<CoreOpInterface,
     return {};
   }
 
+  AliasingOpOperandList getAliasingOpOperands(Operation* op, Value value, const AnalysisState& state) const {
+    auto coreOp = cast<PimCoreOp>(op);
+    auto bbArg = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(value);
+    if (!bbArg || bbArg.getOwner() != &coreOp.getBody().front())
+      return {};
+
+    unsigned weightIndex = bbArg.getArgNumber();
+    return {
+      {&coreOp->getOpOperand(weightIndex), BufferRelation::Equivalent}
+    };
+  }
+
+  bool isWritable(Operation* op, Value value, const AnalysisState& state) const { return false; }
+
+  FailureOr<BufferLikeType> getBufferType(Operation* op,
+                                          Value value,
+                                          const BufferizationOptions& options,
+                                          const BufferizationState& state,
+                                          SmallVector<Value>& invocationStack) const {
+    auto coreOp = cast<PimCoreOp>(op);
+    auto bbArg = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(value);
+    if (!bbArg || bbArg.getOwner() != &coreOp.getBody().front())
+      return failure();
+
+    Value tiedWeight = coreOp.getWeights()[bbArg.getArgNumber()];
+    if (auto memRefType = dyn_cast<BufferLikeType>(tiedWeight.getType()))
+      return memRefType;
+
+    return bufferization::getBufferType(tiedWeight, options, state, invocationStack);
+  }
+
   LogicalResult bufferize(Operation* op,
                           RewriterBase& rewriter,
                           const BufferizationOptions& options,
@@ -375,7 +402,10 @@ struct CoreOpInterface : BufferizableOpInterface::ExternalModel<CoreOpInterface,
     auto coreOp = cast<PimCoreOp>(op);
 
     bool alreadyBufferized =
-      llvm::all_of(coreOp.getWeights(), [](Value weight) { return isa<BufferLikeType>(weight.getType()); });
+      llvm::all_of(coreOp.getWeights(), [](Value weight) { return isa<BufferLikeType>(weight.getType()); })
+      && llvm::all_of(coreOp.getBody().front().getArguments(), [](BlockArgument arg) {
+           return !isa<TensorType>(arg.getType()) || isa<BufferLikeType>(arg.getType());
+         });
     if (alreadyBufferized)
       return success();
 
@@ -420,9 +450,17 @@ struct CoreBatchOpInterface : BufferizableOpInterface::ExternalModel<CoreBatchOp
     if (!bbArg || bbArg.getOwner() != &coreBatchOp.getBody().front())
       return {};
 
-    unsigned inputOperandIndex = coreBatchOp.getWeights().size() + bbArg.getArgNumber();
+    unsigned argNumber = bbArg.getArgNumber();
+    if (argNumber == 0)
+      return {};
+
+    unsigned weightCount = coreBatchOp.getWeights().size();
+    unsigned operandIndex = argNumber - 1;
+    if (argNumber > weightCount + 1)
+      operandIndex = weightCount + (argNumber - 1 - weightCount);
+
     return {
-      {&coreBatchOp->getOpOperand(inputOperandIndex), BufferRelation::Equivalent}
+      {&coreBatchOp->getOpOperand(operandIndex), BufferRelation::Equivalent}
     };
   }
 
@@ -438,11 +476,21 @@ struct CoreBatchOpInterface : BufferizableOpInterface::ExternalModel<CoreBatchOp
     if (!bbArg || bbArg.getOwner() != &coreBatchOp.getBody().front())
       return failure();
 
-    Value tiedInput = coreBatchOp.getInputs()[bbArg.getArgNumber()];
-    if (auto memRefType = dyn_cast<BufferLikeType>(tiedInput.getType()))
+    unsigned argNumber = bbArg.getArgNumber();
+    if (argNumber == 0)
+      return failure();
+
+    Value tiedOperand;
+    unsigned weightCount = coreBatchOp.getWeights().size();
+    if (argNumber <= weightCount)
+      tiedOperand = coreBatchOp.getWeights()[argNumber - 1];
+    else
+      tiedOperand = coreBatchOp.getInputs()[argNumber - 1 - weightCount];
+
+    if (auto memRefType = dyn_cast<BufferLikeType>(tiedOperand.getType()))
       return memRefType;
 
-    return bufferization::getBufferType(tiedInput, options, state, invocationStack);
+    return bufferization::getBufferType(tiedOperand, options, state, invocationStack);
   }
 
   LogicalResult bufferize(Operation* op,
@@ -454,8 +502,9 @@ struct CoreBatchOpInterface : BufferizableOpInterface::ExternalModel<CoreBatchOp
     bool alreadyBufferized =
       llvm::all_of(coreBatchOp.getWeights(), [](Value weight) { return isa<BufferLikeType>(weight.getType()); })
       && llvm::all_of(coreBatchOp.getInputs(), [](Value input) { return isa<BufferLikeType>(input.getType()); })
-      && llvm::all_of(coreBatchOp.getBody().front().getArguments(),
-                      [](BlockArgument arg) { return isa<BufferLikeType>(arg.getType()); });
+      && llvm::all_of(coreBatchOp.getBody().front().getArguments(), [](BlockArgument arg) {
+           return !isa<TensorType>(arg.getType()) || isa<BufferLikeType>(arg.getType());
+         });
     if (alreadyBufferized)
       return success();
 
@@ -553,6 +602,10 @@ struct VMMOpInterface : DstBufferizableOpInterfaceExternalModel<VMMOpInterface,
                           BufferizationState& state) const {
     auto vmmOp = cast<PimVMMOp>(op);
 
+    auto weightOpt = getBufferOrValue(rewriter, vmmOp.getWeight(), options, state);
+    if (failed(weightOpt))
+      return failure();
+
     auto inputOpt = getBufferOrValue(rewriter, vmmOp.getInput(), options, state);
     if (failed(inputOpt))
       return failure();
@@ -564,7 +617,7 @@ struct VMMOpInterface : DstBufferizableOpInterfaceExternalModel<VMMOpInterface,
     Value contiguousInput = materializeContiguousMemRef(*inputOpt, op->getLoc(), rewriter);
 
     replaceOpWithNewBufferizedOp<PimVMMOp>(
-      rewriter, op, outputBufferOpt->getType(), vmmOp.getWeightIndexAttr(), contiguousInput, *outputBufferOpt);
+      rewriter, op, outputBufferOpt->getType(), *weightOpt, contiguousInput, *outputBufferOpt);
     return success();
   }
 };

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Channels.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "mlir/IR/BuiltinAttributes.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Diagnostics.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Matchers.h"
 
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Channels.hpp"
 
@@ -9,19 +10,62 @@ namespace onnx_mlir::spatial {
 
 namespace {
 
-static Channels::ChannelId getChannelId(SpatChannelSendOp sendOp) { return sendOp.getChannelId(); }
+static FailureOr<int64_t> getConstantI64(Value value) {
+  APInt constantValue;
+  if (!matchPattern(value, m_ConstantInt(&constantValue)))
+    return failure();
+  return constantValue.getSExtValue();
+}
 
-static Channels::ChannelId getChannelId(SpatChannelReceiveOp receiveOp) { return receiveOp.getChannelId(); }
+static FailureOr<int32_t> getConstantI32(Value value) {
+  APInt constantValue;
+  if (!matchPattern(value, m_ConstantInt(&constantValue)))
+    return failure();
+  return static_cast<int32_t>(constantValue.getSExtValue());
+}
+
+static FailureOr<Channels::ChannelId> getChannelId(SpatChannelSendOp sendOp) {
+  return getConstantI64(sendOp.getChannelId());
+}
+
+static FailureOr<Channels::ChannelId> getChannelId(SpatChannelReceiveOp receiveOp) {
+  return getConstantI64(receiveOp.getChannelId());
+}
+
+static FailureOr<int32_t> getSourceCoreId(SpatChannelSendOp sendOp) { return getConstantI32(sendOp.getSourceCoreId()); }
+
+static FailureOr<int32_t> getSourceCoreId(SpatChannelReceiveOp receiveOp) {
+  return getConstantI32(receiveOp.getSourceCoreId());
+}
+
+static FailureOr<int32_t> getTargetCoreId(SpatChannelSendOp sendOp) { return getConstantI32(sendOp.getTargetCoreId()); }
+
+static FailureOr<int32_t> getTargetCoreId(SpatChannelReceiveOp receiveOp) {
+  return getConstantI32(receiveOp.getTargetCoreId());
+}
 
 static LogicalResult verifyEndpointPair(ChannelEndpoints endpoints) {
   if (!endpoints.send || !endpoints.receive)
     return failure();
 
-  if (endpoints.send.getSourceCoreId() != endpoints.receive.getSourceCoreId()) {
+  FailureOr<int32_t> sendSourceCoreId = getSourceCoreId(endpoints.send);
+  FailureOr<int32_t> receiveSourceCoreId = getSourceCoreId(endpoints.receive);
+  if (failed(sendSourceCoreId) || failed(receiveSourceCoreId)) {
+    endpoints.send.emitOpError("channel endpoints must use constant sourceCoreId operands");
+    return failure();
+  }
+  if (*sendSourceCoreId != *receiveSourceCoreId) {
     endpoints.send.emitOpError("sourceCoreId does not match paired spat.channel_receive");
     return failure();
   }
-  if (endpoints.send.getTargetCoreId() != endpoints.receive.getTargetCoreId()) {
+
+  FailureOr<int32_t> sendTargetCoreId = getTargetCoreId(endpoints.send);
+  FailureOr<int32_t> receiveTargetCoreId = getTargetCoreId(endpoints.receive);
+  if (failed(sendTargetCoreId) || failed(receiveTargetCoreId)) {
+    endpoints.send.emitOpError("channel endpoints must use constant targetCoreId operands");
+    return failure();
+  }
+  if (*sendTargetCoreId != *receiveTargetCoreId) {
     endpoints.send.emitOpError("targetCoreId does not match paired spat.channel_receive");
     return failure();
   }
@@ -46,20 +90,26 @@ Channels::Channels(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
 Channels::ChannelId Channels::allocate() { return nextChannelId++; }
 
 void Channels::insertSend(SpatChannelSendOp sendOp) {
-  ChannelId channelId = getChannelId(sendOp);
-  nextChannelId = std::max(nextChannelId, channelId + 1);
-  endpoints[channelId].send = sendOp;
+  FailureOr<ChannelId> channelId = getChannelId(sendOp);
+  if (failed(channelId))
+    return;
+  nextChannelId = std::max(nextChannelId, *channelId + 1);
+  endpoints[*channelId].send = sendOp;
 }
 
 void Channels::insertReceive(SpatChannelReceiveOp receiveOp) {
-  ChannelId channelId = getChannelId(receiveOp);
-  nextChannelId = std::max(nextChannelId, channelId + 1);
-  endpoints[channelId].receive = receiveOp;
+  FailureOr<ChannelId> channelId = getChannelId(receiveOp);
+  if (failed(channelId))
+    return;
+  nextChannelId = std::max(nextChannelId, *channelId + 1);
+  endpoints[*channelId].receive = receiveOp;
 }
 
 void Channels::eraseSend(SpatChannelSendOp sendOp) {
-  ChannelId channelId = getChannelId(sendOp);
-  auto it = endpoints.find(channelId);
+  FailureOr<ChannelId> channelId = getChannelId(sendOp);
+  if (failed(channelId))
+    return;
+  auto it = endpoints.find(*channelId);
   if (it == endpoints.end())
     return;
   it->second.send = {};
@@ -68,8 +118,10 @@ void Channels::eraseSend(SpatChannelSendOp sendOp) {
 }
 
 void Channels::eraseReceive(SpatChannelReceiveOp receiveOp) {
-  ChannelId channelId = getChannelId(receiveOp);
-  auto it = endpoints.find(channelId);
+  FailureOr<ChannelId> channelId = getChannelId(receiveOp);
+  if (failed(channelId))
+    return;
+  auto it = endpoints.find(*channelId);
   if (it == endpoints.end())
     return;
   it->second.receive = {};
@@ -85,14 +137,20 @@ FailureOr<ChannelEndpoints> Channels::lookup(ChannelId id) const {
 }
 
 FailureOr<SpatChannelReceiveOp> Channels::getReceiveFor(SpatChannelSendOp sendOp) const {
-  auto endpointsOr = lookup(getChannelId(sendOp));
+  FailureOr<ChannelId> channelId = getChannelId(sendOp);
+  if (failed(channelId))
+    return failure();
+  auto endpointsOr = lookup(*channelId);
   if (failed(endpointsOr) || !endpointsOr->receive)
     return failure();
   return endpointsOr->receive;
 }
 
 FailureOr<SpatChannelSendOp> Channels::getSendFor(SpatChannelReceiveOp receiveOp) const {
-  auto endpointsOr = lookup(getChannelId(receiveOp));
+  FailureOr<ChannelId> channelId = getChannelId(receiveOp);
+  if (failed(channelId))
+    return failure();
+  auto endpointsOr = lookup(*channelId);
   if (failed(endpointsOr) || !endpointsOr->send)
     return failure();
   return endpointsOr->send;

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Spatial.td

@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 #define SPATIAL_DIALECT_H
 
 include "mlir/IR/OpBase.td"
+include "mlir/IR/OpAsmInterface.td"
 include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.td"
 include "mlir/IR/AttrTypeBase.td"
+include "mlir/IR/RegionKindInterface.td"
+include "mlir/Interfaces/ParallelCombiningOpInterface.td"
+include "mlir/Interfaces/SideEffectInterfaces.td"
 
 def SpatialDialect : Dialect {
   let name = "spat";
@@ -22,7 +26,9 @@ def SpatTensor :
 // Execution
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
-def SpatCompute : SpatOp<"compute", [SingleBlock, AttrSizedOperandSegments]> {
+def SpatCompute : SpatOp<"compute",
+    [SingleBlock, AttrSizedOperandSegments,
+     DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<OpAsmOpInterface, ["getAsmBlockArgumentNames"]>]> {
   let summary = "Compute region with attached constant weights";
 
   let arguments = (ins
@@ -36,14 +42,20 @@ def SpatCompute : SpatOp<"compute", [SingleBlock, AttrSizedOperandSegments]> {
 
   let regions = (region SizedRegion<1>:$body);
 
+  let extraClassDeclaration = [{
+    ::mlir::BlockArgument getWeightArgument(unsigned idx);
+    ::mlir::BlockArgument getInputArgument(unsigned idx);
+  }];
+
   let hasVerifier = 1;
   let hasFolder = 1;
   let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
 }
 
 def SpatComputeBatch : SpatOp<"compute_batch",
-    [SingleBlock, AttrSizedOperandSegments]> {
-  let summary = "Compressed batch of independent equivalent compute lanes";
+    [SingleBlock, AttrSizedOperandSegments,
+     DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<OpAsmOpInterface, ["getAsmBlockArgumentNames"]>]> {
+  let summary = "Tensor-native batch of equivalent compute lanes with shared weights and packed inputs";
 
   let arguments = (ins
     I32Attr:$laneCount,
@@ -57,10 +69,41 @@ def SpatComputeBatch : SpatOp<"compute_batch",
 
   let regions = (region SizedRegion<1>:$body);
 
+  let extraClassDeclaration = [{
+    ::mlir::BlockArgument getLaneArgument();
+    ::mlir::BlockArgument getWeightArgument(unsigned idx);
+    ::mlir::BlockArgument getInputArgument(unsigned idx);
+    ::mlir::BlockArgument getOutputArgument(unsigned idx);
+  }];
+
   let hasVerifier = 1;
   let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
 }
 
+def SpatInParallelOp : SpatOp<"in_parallel", [
+       Pure,
+       Terminator,
+       DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<InParallelOpInterface>,
+       HasParent<"SpatComputeBatch">,
+      ] # GraphRegionNoTerminator.traits> {
+  let summary = "Parallel combining terminator for resultful spat.compute_batch";
+
+  let regions = (region SizedRegion<1>:$region);
+
+  let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
+  let hasVerifier = 1;
+
+  let skipDefaultBuilders = 1;
+  let builders = [
+    OpBuilder<(ins)>,
+  ];
+
+  let extraClassDeclaration = [{
+    ::llvm::iterator_range<::mlir::Block::iterator> getYieldingOps();
+    ::mlir::OpResult getParentResult(int64_t idx);
+  }];
+}
+
 def SpatYieldOp : SpatOp<"yield", [Terminator]> {
   let summary = "Yield results from a compute region";
 
@@ -110,14 +153,14 @@ def SpatChannelSendOp : SpatOp<"channel_send", []> {
   let summary = "Send a tensor through a logical channel";
 
   let arguments = (ins
-    I64Attr:$channelId,
-    I32Attr:$sourceCoreId,
-    I32Attr:$targetCoreId,
+    Index:$channelId,
+    Index:$sourceCoreId,
+    Index:$targetCoreId,
     SpatTensor:$input
   );
 
   let assemblyFormat = [{
-    $input attr-dict `:` type($input)
+    $input `channel` $channelId `from` $sourceCoreId `to` $targetCoreId attr-dict `:` type($input)
   }];
 }
 
@@ -125,9 +168,9 @@ def SpatChannelReceiveOp : SpatOp<"channel_receive", []> {
   let summary = "Receive a tensor from a logical channel";
 
   let arguments = (ins
-    I64Attr:$channelId,
-    I32Attr:$sourceCoreId,
-    I32Attr:$targetCoreId
+    Index:$channelId,
+    Index:$sourceCoreId,
+    Index:$targetCoreId
   );
 
   let results = (outs
@@ -135,31 +178,33 @@ def SpatChannelReceiveOp : SpatOp<"channel_receive", []> {
   );
 
   let assemblyFormat = [{
-    attr-dict `:` type($output)
+    `channel` $channelId `from` $sourceCoreId `to` $targetCoreId attr-dict `:` type($output)
   }];
 }
 
-def SpatChannelSendTensorOp : SpatOp<"channel_send_tensor", []> {
+def SpatChannelSendTensorOp : SpatOp<"channel_send_tensor", [AttrSizedOperandSegments]> {
   let summary = "Send equal contiguous chunks of one tensor through logical channels";
 
   let arguments = (ins
-    DenseI64ArrayAttr:$channelIds,
-    DenseI32ArrayAttr:$sourceCoreIds,
-    DenseI32ArrayAttr:$targetCoreIds,
+    Variadic<Index>:$channelIds,
+    Variadic<Index>:$sourceCoreIds,
+    Variadic<Index>:$targetCoreIds,
     SpatTensor:$input
   );
 
   let hasVerifier = 1;
-  let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
+  let assemblyFormat = [{
+    $input `channels` `(` $channelIds `)` `from` `(` $sourceCoreIds `)` `to` `(` $targetCoreIds `)` attr-dict `:` type($input)
+  }];
 }
 
-def SpatChannelReceiveTensorOp : SpatOp<"channel_receive_tensor", []> {
+def SpatChannelReceiveTensorOp : SpatOp<"channel_receive_tensor", [AttrSizedOperandSegments]> {
   let summary = "Receive equal contiguous chunks of one tensor from logical channels";
 
   let arguments = (ins
-    DenseI64ArrayAttr:$channelIds,
-    DenseI32ArrayAttr:$sourceCoreIds,
-    DenseI32ArrayAttr:$targetCoreIds
+    Variadic<Index>:$channelIds,
+    Variadic<Index>:$sourceCoreIds,
+    Variadic<Index>:$targetCoreIds
   );
 
   let results = (outs
@@ -167,44 +212,50 @@ def SpatChannelReceiveTensorOp : SpatOp<"channel_receive_tensor", []> {
   );
 
   let hasVerifier = 1;
-  let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
+  let assemblyFormat = [{
+    `channels` `(` $channelIds `)` `from` `(` $sourceCoreIds `)` `to` `(` $targetCoreIds `)` attr-dict `:` type($output)
+  }];
 }
 
-def SpatChannelSendBatchOp : SpatOp<"channel_send_batch", []> {
+def SpatChannelSendBatchOp : SpatOp<"channel_send_batch", [AttrSizedOperandSegments]> {
   let summary = "Send per-lane tensors through logical channels in a batch body";
 
   let arguments = (ins
-    DenseI64ArrayAttr:$channelIds,
-    DenseI32ArrayAttr:$sourceCoreIds,
-    DenseI32ArrayAttr:$targetCoreIds,
+    Variadic<Index>:$channelIds,
+    Variadic<Index>:$sourceCoreIds,
+    Variadic<Index>:$targetCoreIds,
     SpatTensor:$input
   );
 
   let hasVerifier = 1;
-  let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
+  let assemblyFormat = [{
+    $input `channels` `(` $channelIds `)` `from` `(` $sourceCoreIds `)` `to` `(` $targetCoreIds `)` attr-dict `:` type($input)
+  }];
 }
 
-def SpatChannelSendTensorBatchOp : SpatOp<"channel_send_tensor_batch", []> {
+def SpatChannelSendTensorBatchOp : SpatOp<"channel_send_tensor_batch", [AttrSizedOperandSegments]> {
   let summary = "Send equal contiguous chunks of one per-lane tensor through logical channels in a batch body";
 
   let arguments = (ins
-    DenseI64ArrayAttr:$channelIds,
-    DenseI32ArrayAttr:$sourceCoreIds,
-    DenseI32ArrayAttr:$targetCoreIds,
+    Variadic<Index>:$channelIds,
+    Variadic<Index>:$sourceCoreIds,
+    Variadic<Index>:$targetCoreIds,
     SpatTensor:$input
   );
 
   let hasVerifier = 1;
-  let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
+  let assemblyFormat = [{
+    $input `channels` `(` $channelIds `)` `from` `(` $sourceCoreIds `)` `to` `(` $targetCoreIds `)` attr-dict `:` type($input)
+  }];
 }
 
-def SpatChannelReceiveBatchOp : SpatOp<"channel_receive_batch", []> {
+def SpatChannelReceiveBatchOp : SpatOp<"channel_receive_batch", [AttrSizedOperandSegments]> {
   let summary = "Receive a per-lane tensor through logical channels in a batch body";
 
   let arguments = (ins
-    DenseI64ArrayAttr:$channelIds,
-    DenseI32ArrayAttr:$sourceCoreIds,
-    DenseI32ArrayAttr:$targetCoreIds
+    Variadic<Index>:$channelIds,
+    Variadic<Index>:$sourceCoreIds,
+    Variadic<Index>:$targetCoreIds
   );
 
   let results = (outs
@@ -212,16 +263,18 @@ def SpatChannelReceiveBatchOp : SpatOp<"channel_receive_batch", []> {
   );
 
   let hasVerifier = 1;
-  let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
+  let assemblyFormat = [{
+    `channels` `(` $channelIds `)` `from` `(` $sourceCoreIds `)` `to` `(` $targetCoreIds `)` attr-dict `:` type($output)
+  }];
 }
 
-def SpatChannelReceiveTensorBatchOp : SpatOp<"channel_receive_tensor_batch", []> {
+def SpatChannelReceiveTensorBatchOp : SpatOp<"channel_receive_tensor_batch", [AttrSizedOperandSegments]> {
   let summary = "Receive equal contiguous chunks of one per-lane tensor through logical channels in a batch body";
 
   let arguments = (ins
-    DenseI64ArrayAttr:$channelIds,
-    DenseI32ArrayAttr:$sourceCoreIds,
-    DenseI32ArrayAttr:$targetCoreIds
+    Variadic<Index>:$channelIds,
+    Variadic<Index>:$sourceCoreIds,
+    Variadic<Index>:$targetCoreIds
   );
 
   let results = (outs
@@ -229,7 +282,9 @@ def SpatChannelReceiveTensorBatchOp : SpatOp<"channel_receive_tensor_batch", []>
   );
 
   let hasVerifier = 1;
-  let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
+  let assemblyFormat = [{
+    `channels` `(` $channelIds `)` `from` `(` $sourceCoreIds `)` `to` `(` $targetCoreIds `)` attr-dict `:` type($output)
+  }];
 }
 
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
@@ -240,7 +295,7 @@ def SpatVMMOp : SpatOp<"wvmm", []> {
   let summary = "Vector-matrix multiplication within a weighted compute operation";
 
   let arguments = (ins
-    I32Attr:$weightIndex,
+    SpatTensor:$weight,
     SpatTensor:$input
   );
 
@@ -251,7 +306,7 @@ def SpatVMMOp : SpatOp<"wvmm", []> {
   let hasVerifier = 1;
 
   let assemblyFormat = [{
-    `(` $input `)` attr-dict `:` type($input) `->` type($output)
+    `[` $weight `]` `(` $input `)` attr-dict `:` `(` type($weight) `,` type($input) `)` `->` type($output)
   }];
 }
 
@@ -259,7 +314,7 @@ def SpatMVMOp : SpatOp<"Wmvm", []> {
   let summary = "Matrix-vector multiplication within a weighted compute operation";
 
   let arguments = (ins
-    I32Attr:$weightIndex,
+    SpatTensor:$weight,
     SpatTensor:$input
   );
 
@@ -270,7 +325,7 @@ def SpatMVMOp : SpatOp<"Wmvm", []> {
   let hasVerifier = 1;
 
   let assemblyFormat = [{
-    `(` $input `)` attr-dict `:` type($input) `->` type($output)
+    `[` $weight `]` `(` $input `)` attr-dict `:` `(` type($weight) `,` type($input) `)` `->` type($output)
   }];
 }
 

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,74 @@
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
 
+#include <string>
+
 using namespace mlir;
 
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 namespace spatial {
 
+BlockArgument SpatCompute::getWeightArgument(unsigned idx) { return getBody().front().getArgument(idx); }
+
+BlockArgument SpatCompute::getInputArgument(unsigned idx) {
+  return getBody().front().getArgument(getWeights().size() + idx);
+}
+
+void SpatCompute::getAsmBlockArgumentNames(Region& region, OpAsmSetValueNameFn setNameFn) {
+  if (region.empty())
+    return;
+
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < getWeights().size(); ++index)
+    setNameFn(getWeightArgument(index), ("w" + std::to_string(index)).c_str());
+
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < getInputs().size(); ++index)
+    setNameFn(getInputArgument(index), ("in" + std::to_string(index)).c_str());
+}
+
+BlockArgument SpatComputeBatch::getLaneArgument() { return getBody().front().getArgument(0); }
+
+BlockArgument SpatComputeBatch::getWeightArgument(unsigned idx) { return getBody().front().getArgument(1 + idx); }
+
+BlockArgument SpatComputeBatch::getInputArgument(unsigned idx) {
+  return getBody().front().getArgument(1 + getWeights().size() + idx);
+}
+
+BlockArgument SpatComputeBatch::getOutputArgument(unsigned idx) {
+  return getBody().front().getArgument(1 + getWeights().size() + getInputs().size() + idx);
+}
+
+void SpatComputeBatch::getAsmBlockArgumentNames(Region& region, OpAsmSetValueNameFn setNameFn) {
+  if (region.empty())
+    return;
+
+  setNameFn(getLaneArgument(), "lane");
+
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < getWeights().size(); ++index)
+    setNameFn(getWeightArgument(index), ("w" + std::to_string(index)).c_str());
+
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < getInputs().size(); ++index)
+    setNameFn(getInputArgument(index), ("in" + std::to_string(index)).c_str());
+
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < getNumResults(); ++index) {
+    if (index == 0) {
+      setNameFn(getOutputArgument(index), "out");
+      continue;
+    }
+    setNameFn(getOutputArgument(index), ("out" + std::to_string(index)).c_str());
+  }
+}
+
+void SpatInParallelOp::build(OpBuilder& builder, OperationState& result) {
+  OpBuilder::InsertionGuard guard(builder);
+  Region* bodyRegion = result.addRegion();
+  builder.createBlock(bodyRegion);
+}
+
+OpResult SpatInParallelOp::getParentResult(int64_t idx) { return getOperation()->getParentOp()->getResult(idx); }
+
+llvm::iterator_range<Block::iterator> SpatInParallelOp::getYieldingOps() {
+  return getRegion().front().getOperations();
+}
+
 void SpatialDialect::initialize() {
   addTypes<
 #define GET_TYPEDEF_LIST

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
 #include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Dialect.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/OpDefinition.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/RegionKindInterface.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Types.h"
+#include "mlir/Interfaces/ParallelCombiningOpInterface.h"
 
 #include <map>
 #include <string>

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOpsAsm.cpp

@@ -23,22 +23,6 @@ static bool parseOptionalKeywordAlias(OpAsmParser& parser, StringRef preferred,
   return succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword(preferred)) || succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword(legacy));
 }
 
-static void printChannelMetadata(OpAsmPrinter& printer,
-                                 ArrayRef<int64_t> channelIds,
-                                 ArrayRef<int32_t> sourceCoreIds,
-                                 ArrayRef<int32_t> targetCoreIds) {
-  printer << " channels ";
-  printCompressedIntegerList(printer, channelIds);
-  printer << " from ";
-  printCompressedIntegerList(printer, sourceCoreIds);
-  printer << " to ";
-  printCompressedIntegerList(printer, targetCoreIds);
-}
-
-static DenseI64ArrayAttr getDenseI64ArrayAttr(OpAsmParser& parser, ArrayRef<int64_t> values) {
-  return parser.getBuilder().getDenseI64ArrayAttr(values);
-}
-
 static DenseI32ArrayAttr getDenseI32ArrayAttr(OpAsmParser& parser, ArrayRef<int32_t> values) {
   return parser.getBuilder().getDenseI32ArrayAttr(values);
 }
@@ -47,94 +31,89 @@ static IntegerAttr getI32Attr(OpAsmParser& parser, int32_t value) {
   return parser.getBuilder().getI32IntegerAttr(value);
 }
 
-template <typename TensorSendOpTy>
-static void printTensorSendOp(OpAsmPrinter& printer, TensorSendOpTy op) {
-  printer << " ";
-  printer.printOperand(op.getInput());
-  printChannelMetadata(printer, op.getChannelIds(), op.getSourceCoreIds(), op.getTargetCoreIds());
-  printer.printOptionalAttrDict(op->getAttrs(),
-                                {op.getChannelIdsAttrName().getValue(),
-                                 op.getSourceCoreIdsAttrName().getValue(),
-                                 op.getTargetCoreIdsAttrName().getValue()});
-  printer << " : ";
-  printer.printType(op.getInput().getType());
+static void printBlockArgumentList(OpAsmPrinter& printer, ArrayRef<BlockArgument> arguments) {
+  printer << "(";
+  for (auto [index, argument] : llvm::enumerate(arguments)) {
+    if (index != 0)
+      printer << ", ";
+    printer.printOperand(argument);
+  }
+  printer << ")";
 }
 
-template <typename TensorReceiveOpTy>
-static void printTensorReceiveOp(OpAsmPrinter& printer, TensorReceiveOpTy op) {
-  printChannelMetadata(printer, op.getChannelIds(), op.getSourceCoreIds(), op.getTargetCoreIds());
-  printer.printOptionalAttrDict(op->getAttrs(),
-                                {op.getChannelIdsAttrName().getValue(),
-                                 op.getSourceCoreIdsAttrName().getValue(),
-                                 op.getTargetCoreIdsAttrName().getValue()});
-  printer << " : ";
-  printer.printType(op.getOutput().getType());
-}
-
-static ParseResult parseTensorSendOp(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
-  OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand input;
-  Type inputType;
-  SmallVector<int64_t> channelIds;
-  SmallVector<int32_t> sourceCoreIds;
-  SmallVector<int32_t> targetCoreIds;
-
-  if (parser.parseOperand(input))
+static ParseResult parseBlockArgumentList(OpAsmParser& parser, SmallVectorImpl<OpAsmParser::Argument>& arguments) {
+  if (parser.parseLParen())
     return failure();
+  if (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalRParen()))
+    return success();
 
-  bool hasMetadata = succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword("channels"));
-  if (hasMetadata) {
-    if (parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, channelIds) || parser.parseKeyword("from")
-        || parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, sourceCoreIds) || parser.parseKeyword("to")
-        || parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, targetCoreIds))
+  OpAsmParser::Argument argument;
+  if (parser.parseArgument(argument))
+    return failure();
+  arguments.push_back(argument);
+  while (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalComma())) {
+    if (parser.parseArgument(argument))
+      return failure();
+    arguments.push_back(argument);
+  }
+  return parser.parseRParen();
+}
+
+static void applyBatchRegionArgumentTypes(ArrayRef<Type> inputTypes,
+                                          ArrayRef<Type> weightTypes,
+                                          ArrayRef<Type> outputTypes,
+                                          OpAsmParser::Argument& laneArg,
+                                          SmallVectorImpl<OpAsmParser::Argument>& weightArgs,
+                                          SmallVectorImpl<OpAsmParser::Argument>& inputArgs,
+                                          SmallVectorImpl<OpAsmParser::Argument>& outputArgs,
+                                          SmallVectorImpl<OpAsmParser::Argument>& regionArgs,
+                                          Builder& builder) {
+  laneArg.type = builder.getIndexType();
+  regionArgs.push_back(laneArg);
+  applyArgumentTypes(weightTypes, weightArgs);
+  llvm::append_range(regionArgs, weightArgs);
+  applyArgumentTypes(inputTypes, inputArgs);
+  applyArgumentTypes(outputTypes, outputArgs);
+  llvm::append_range(regionArgs, inputArgs);
+  llvm::append_range(regionArgs, outputArgs);
+}
+
+static void
+printBoundValueList(OpAsmPrinter& printer, ValueRange arguments, ValueRange operands, ListDelimiter delimiter) {
+  printCompressedValueList(printer, arguments, delimiter);
+  printer << " = ";
+  printCompressedValueList(printer, operands, delimiter);
+}
+
+static ParseResult parseBoundValueList(OpAsmParser& parser,
+                                       ListDelimiter delimiter,
+                                       SmallVectorImpl<OpAsmParser::Argument>& arguments,
+                                       SmallVectorImpl<OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand>& operands) {
+  if (parseOpenDelimiter(parser, delimiter))
+    return failure();
+  if (succeeded(parseOptionalCloseDelimiter(parser, delimiter))) {
+    if (parser.parseEqual() || parseCompressedOperandList(parser, delimiter, operands))
+      return failure();
+    return success();
+  }
+
+  if (parseOneCompressedArgumentEntry(parser, arguments))
+    return failure();
+  while (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalComma()))
+    if (parseOneCompressedArgumentEntry(parser, arguments))
+      return failure();
+  auto parseCloseDelimiter = [&](ListDelimiter currentDelimiter) -> ParseResult {
+    switch (currentDelimiter) {
+    case ListDelimiter::Paren:
+      return parser.parseRParen();
+    case ListDelimiter::Square:
+      return parser.parseRSquare();
+    }
+    llvm_unreachable("unsupported delimiter");
+  };
+  if (parseCloseDelimiter(delimiter) || parser.parseEqual() || parseCompressedOperandList(parser, delimiter, operands)) {
     return failure();
   }
-
-  if (parser.parseOptionalAttrDict(result.attributes) || parser.parseColon() || parser.parseType(inputType))
-    return failure();
-
-  if (hasMetadata
-      && (result.attributes.get("channelIds") || result.attributes.get("sourceCoreIds")
-          || result.attributes.get("targetCoreIds")))
-    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(),
-                            "channel metadata cannot be specified both positionally and in attr-dict");
-  if (hasMetadata) {
-    result.addAttribute("channelIds", getDenseI64ArrayAttr(parser, channelIds));
-    result.addAttribute("sourceCoreIds", getDenseI32ArrayAttr(parser, sourceCoreIds));
-    result.addAttribute("targetCoreIds", getDenseI32ArrayAttr(parser, targetCoreIds));
-  }
-
-  return parser.resolveOperand(input, inputType, result.operands);
-}
-
-static ParseResult parseTensorReceiveOp(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
-  Type outputType;
-  SmallVector<int64_t> channelIds;
-  SmallVector<int32_t> sourceCoreIds;
-  SmallVector<int32_t> targetCoreIds;
-
-  bool hasMetadata = succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword("channels"));
-  if (hasMetadata) {
-    if (parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, channelIds) || parser.parseKeyword("from")
-        || parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, sourceCoreIds) || parser.parseKeyword("to")
-        || parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, targetCoreIds))
-      return failure();
-  }
-
-  if (parser.parseOptionalAttrDict(result.attributes) || parser.parseColon() || parser.parseType(outputType))
-    return failure();
-
-  if (hasMetadata
-      && (result.attributes.get("channelIds") || result.attributes.get("sourceCoreIds")
-          || result.attributes.get("targetCoreIds")))
-    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(),
-                            "channel metadata cannot be specified both positionally and in attr-dict");
-  if (hasMetadata) {
-    result.addAttribute("channelIds", getDenseI64ArrayAttr(parser, channelIds));
-    result.addAttribute("sourceCoreIds", getDenseI32ArrayAttr(parser, sourceCoreIds));
-    result.addAttribute("targetCoreIds", getDenseI32ArrayAttr(parser, targetCoreIds));
-  }
-
-  result.addTypes(outputType);
   return success();
 }
 
@@ -243,9 +222,17 @@ ParseResult SpatConcatOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
 
 void SpatCompute::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
   printer << " ";
-  printCompressedValueList(printer, getWeights(), ListDelimiter::Square);
+  SmallVector<Value> weightArgs;
+  weightArgs.reserve(getWeights().size());
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < getWeights().size(); ++index)
+    weightArgs.push_back(getWeightArgument(index));
+  printBoundValueList(printer, weightArgs, getWeights(), ListDelimiter::Square);
   printer << " ";
-  printArgumentBindings(printer, getBody().front(), getInputs());
+  SmallVector<Value> inputArgs;
+  inputArgs.reserve(getInputs().size());
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < getInputs().size(); ++index)
+    inputArgs.push_back(getInputArgument(index));
+  printBoundValueList(printer, inputArgs, getInputs(), ListDelimiter::Paren);
 
   if (auto coreIdAttr = (*this)->getAttrOfType<IntegerAttr>(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdAttrName))
     printer << " coreId " << coreIdAttr.getInt();
@@ -264,6 +251,7 @@ void SpatCompute::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
 }
 
 ParseResult SpatCompute::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
+  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::Argument> weightArgs;
   SmallVector<OpAsmParser::Argument> regionArgs;
   SmallVector<OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand> weights;
   SmallVector<OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand> inputs;
@@ -272,10 +260,11 @@ ParseResult SpatCompute::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
   SmallVector<Type> outputTypes;
   int32_t coreId = 0;
 
-  if (parseCompressedOperandList(parser, ListDelimiter::Square, weights))
+  if (parseBoundValueList(parser, ListDelimiter::Square, weightArgs, weights))
     return failure();
 
-  if (parseArgumentBindings(parser, regionArgs, inputs))
+  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::Argument> inputArgs;
+  if (parseBoundValueList(parser, ListDelimiter::Paren, inputArgs, inputs))
     return failure();
 
   bool hasCoreId = parseOptionalKeywordAlias(parser, "coreId", "core_id");
@@ -292,9 +281,11 @@ ParseResult SpatCompute::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
 
   if (weights.size() != weightTypes.size())
     return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of weights and weight types must match");
+  if (weightArgs.size() != weights.size())
+    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of weight bindings and weight operands must match");
   if (inputs.size() != inputTypes.size())
     return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of inputs and input types must match");
-  if (regionArgs.size() != inputs.size())
+  if (inputArgs.size() != inputs.size())
     return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of argument bindings and input operands must match");
   if (hasCoreId && result.attributes.get(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdAttrName))
     return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(),
@@ -313,19 +304,39 @@ ParseResult SpatCompute::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
   result.addTypes(outputTypes);
 
   Region* body = result.addRegion();
-  applyArgumentTypes(inputTypes, regionArgs);
+  applyArgumentTypes(weightTypes, weightArgs);
+  applyArgumentTypes(inputTypes, inputArgs);
+  llvm::append_range(regionArgs, weightArgs);
+  llvm::append_range(regionArgs, inputArgs);
   return parser.parseRegion(*body, regionArgs);
 }
 
 void SpatComputeBatch::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
-  printer << " lanes " << getLaneCount() << " ";
-  size_t weightsPerLane = getLaneCount() > 0 ? getWeights().size() / static_cast<size_t>(getLaneCount()) : 0;
-  if (getLaneCount() > 1 && hasRepeatedTuple(getWeights(), weightsPerLane))
-    printValueTupleRun(printer, getWeights(), weightsPerLane, ListDelimiter::Square);
-  else
-    printCompressedValueList(printer, getWeights(), ListDelimiter::Square);
   printer << " ";
-  printArgumentBindings(printer, getBody().front(), getInputs());
+  printer.printOperand(getLaneArgument());
+  printer << " = 0 to " << getLaneCount();
+
+  printer << " ";
+  SmallVector<Value> weightArgs;
+  weightArgs.reserve(getWeights().size());
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < getWeights().size(); ++index)
+    weightArgs.push_back(getWeightArgument(index));
+  printBoundValueList(printer, weightArgs, getWeights(), ListDelimiter::Square);
+  printer << " ";
+  SmallVector<Value> inputArgs;
+  inputArgs.reserve(getInputs().size());
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < getInputs().size(); ++index)
+    inputArgs.push_back(getInputArgument(index));
+  printBoundValueList(printer, inputArgs, getInputs(), ListDelimiter::Paren);
+
+  if (getNumResults() != 0) {
+    printer << " shared_outs";
+    SmallVector<BlockArgument> outputArgs;
+    outputArgs.reserve(getNumResults());
+    for (unsigned index = 0; index < getNumResults(); ++index)
+      outputArgs.push_back(getOutputArgument(index));
+    printBlockArgumentList(printer, outputArgs);
+  }
 
   if (auto coreIdsAttr = (*this)->getAttrOfType<DenseI32ArrayAttr>(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName)) {
     printer << " coreIds ";
@@ -337,9 +348,6 @@ void SpatComputeBatch::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
     {getLaneCountAttrName().getValue(), getOperandSegmentSizesAttrName().getValue(), onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName});
 
   printer << " : ";
-  if (getLaneCount() > 1 && hasRepeatedTuple(TypeRange(getWeights()), weightsPerLane))
-    printTypeTupleRun(printer, TypeRange(getWeights()), weightsPerLane, ListDelimiter::Square);
-  else
   printCompressedTypeList(printer, TypeRange(getWeights()), ListDelimiter::Square);
   printer << " ";
   printCompressedTypeList(printer, TypeRange(getInputs()), ListDelimiter::Paren);
@@ -350,7 +358,12 @@ void SpatComputeBatch::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
 }
 
 ParseResult SpatComputeBatch::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
+  int64_t lowerBound = 0;
   int32_t laneCount = 0;
+  OpAsmParser::Argument laneArg;
+  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::Argument> weightArgs;
+  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::Argument> inputArgs;
+  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::Argument> outputArgs;
   SmallVector<OpAsmParser::Argument> regionArgs;
   SmallVector<OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand> weights;
   SmallVector<OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand> inputs;
@@ -359,13 +372,20 @@ ParseResult SpatComputeBatch::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result)
   SmallVector<Type> outputTypes;
   SmallVector<int32_t> coreIds;
 
-  if (parser.parseKeyword("lanes") || parser.parseInteger(laneCount))
+  if (parser.parseArgument(laneArg) || parser.parseEqual() || parser.parseInteger(lowerBound)
+      || parser.parseKeyword("to") || parser.parseInteger(laneCount))
+    return failure();
+  if (lowerBound != 0)
+    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "compute_batch currently requires a zero lower bound");
+
+  if (parseBoundValueList(parser, ListDelimiter::Square, weightArgs, weights))
     return failure();
 
-  if (parseCompressedOrTupleOperandList(parser, ListDelimiter::Square, weights))
+  if (parseBoundValueList(parser, ListDelimiter::Paren, inputArgs, inputs))
     return failure();
 
-  if (parseArgumentBindings(parser, regionArgs, inputs))
+  if (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword("shared_outs")))
+    if (parseBlockArgumentList(parser, outputArgs))
       return failure();
 
   bool hasCoreIds = parseOptionalKeywordAlias(parser, "coreIds", "core_ids");
@@ -381,10 +401,15 @@ ParseResult SpatComputeBatch::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result)
 
   if (weights.size() != weightTypes.size())
     return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of weights and weight types must match");
+  if (weightArgs.size() != weights.size())
+    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of weight bindings and weight operands must match");
   if (inputs.size() != inputTypes.size())
     return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of inputs and input types must match");
-  if (regionArgs.size() != inputs.size())
+  if (inputArgs.size() != inputs.size())
     return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of argument bindings and input operands must match");
+  if (outputArgs.size() != outputTypes.size())
+    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(),
+                            "number of shared output bindings and result types must match");
   if (hasCoreIds && result.attributes.get(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName))
     return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(),
                             "coreIds cannot be specified both positionally and in attr-dict");
@@ -403,119 +428,28 @@ ParseResult SpatComputeBatch::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result)
   result.addTypes(outputTypes);
 
   Region* body = result.addRegion();
-  applyArgumentTypes(inputTypes, regionArgs);
+  applyBatchRegionArgumentTypes(
+    inputTypes, weightTypes, outputTypes, laneArg, weightArgs, inputArgs, outputArgs, regionArgs, parser.getBuilder());
   return parser.parseRegion(*body, regionArgs);
 }
 
-void SpatChannelSendTensorOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) { printTensorSendOp(printer, *this); }
-
-ParseResult SpatChannelSendTensorOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
-  return parseTensorSendOp(parser, result);
-}
-
-void SpatChannelSendBatchOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
+void SpatInParallelOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
   printer << " ";
-  printer.printOperand(getInput());
-  printChannelMetadata(printer, getChannelIds(), getSourceCoreIds(), getTargetCoreIds());
-  printer.printOptionalAttrDict(
-    (*this)->getAttrs(),
-    {getChannelIdsAttrName().getValue(), getSourceCoreIdsAttrName().getValue(), getTargetCoreIdsAttrName().getValue()});
-  printer << " : ";
-  printer.printType(getInput().getType());
+  printer.printRegion(getRegion(), /*printEntryBlockArgs=*/false, /*printBlockTerminators=*/false);
+  printer.printOptionalAttrDict((*this)->getAttrs());
 }
 
-ParseResult SpatChannelSendBatchOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
-  OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand input;
-  Type inputType;
-  SmallVector<int64_t> channelIds;
-  SmallVector<int32_t> sourceCoreIds;
-  SmallVector<int32_t> targetCoreIds;
-
-  if (parser.parseOperand(input))
+ParseResult SpatInParallelOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
+  auto& builder = parser.getBuilder();
+  std::unique_ptr<Region> region = std::make_unique<Region>();
+  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::Argument, 4> regionArgs;
+  if (parser.parseRegion(*region, regionArgs))
     return failure();
 
-  bool hasMetadata = succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword("channels"));
-  if (hasMetadata) {
-    if (parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, channelIds) || parser.parseKeyword("from")
-        || parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, sourceCoreIds) || parser.parseKeyword("to")
-        || parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, targetCoreIds))
-      return failure();
-  }
-
-  if (parser.parseOptionalAttrDict(result.attributes) || parser.parseColon() || parser.parseType(inputType))
-    return failure();
-
-  if (hasMetadata
-      && (result.attributes.get("channelIds") || result.attributes.get("sourceCoreIds")
-          || result.attributes.get("targetCoreIds")))
-    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(),
-                            "channel metadata cannot be specified both positionally and in attr-dict");
-  if (hasMetadata) {
-    result.addAttribute("channelIds", getDenseI64ArrayAttr(parser, channelIds));
-    result.addAttribute("sourceCoreIds", getDenseI32ArrayAttr(parser, sourceCoreIds));
-    result.addAttribute("targetCoreIds", getDenseI32ArrayAttr(parser, targetCoreIds));
-  }
-
-  return parser.resolveOperand(input, inputType, result.operands);
-}
-
-void SpatChannelSendTensorBatchOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) { printTensorSendOp(printer, *this); }
-
-ParseResult SpatChannelSendTensorBatchOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
-  return parseTensorSendOp(parser, result);
-}
-
-void SpatChannelReceiveTensorOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) { printTensorReceiveOp(printer, *this); }
-
-ParseResult SpatChannelReceiveTensorOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
-  return parseTensorReceiveOp(parser, result);
-}
-
-void SpatChannelReceiveBatchOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
-  printChannelMetadata(printer, getChannelIds(), getSourceCoreIds(), getTargetCoreIds());
-  printer.printOptionalAttrDict(
-    (*this)->getAttrs(),
-    {getChannelIdsAttrName().getValue(), getSourceCoreIdsAttrName().getValue(), getTargetCoreIdsAttrName().getValue()});
-  printer << " : ";
-  printer.printType(getOutput().getType());
-}
-
-ParseResult SpatChannelReceiveBatchOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
-  Type outputType;
-  SmallVector<int64_t> channelIds;
-  SmallVector<int32_t> sourceCoreIds;
-  SmallVector<int32_t> targetCoreIds;
-
-  bool hasMetadata = succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword("channels"));
-  if (hasMetadata) {
-    if (parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, channelIds) || parser.parseKeyword("from")
-        || parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, sourceCoreIds) || parser.parseKeyword("to")
-        || parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, targetCoreIds))
-      return failure();
-  }
-
-  if (parser.parseOptionalAttrDict(result.attributes) || parser.parseColon() || parser.parseType(outputType))
-    return failure();
-
-  if (hasMetadata
-      && (result.attributes.get("channelIds") || result.attributes.get("sourceCoreIds")
-          || result.attributes.get("targetCoreIds")))
-    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(),
-                            "channel metadata cannot be specified both positionally and in attr-dict");
-  if (hasMetadata) {
-    result.addAttribute("channelIds", getDenseI64ArrayAttr(parser, channelIds));
-    result.addAttribute("sourceCoreIds", getDenseI32ArrayAttr(parser, sourceCoreIds));
-    result.addAttribute("targetCoreIds", getDenseI32ArrayAttr(parser, targetCoreIds));
-  }
-
-  result.addTypes(outputType);
-  return success();
-}
-
-void SpatChannelReceiveTensorBatchOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) { printTensorReceiveOp(printer, *this); }
-
-ParseResult SpatChannelReceiveTensorBatchOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
-  return parseTensorReceiveOp(parser, result);
+  if (region->empty())
+    OpBuilder(builder.getContext()).createBlock(region.get());
+  result.addRegion(std::move(region));
+  return parser.parseOptionalAttrDict(result.attributes);
 }
 
 } // namespace spatial

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOpsVerify.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Block.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypeInterfaces.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Diagnostics.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Matchers.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/OpDefinition.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/TypeUtilities.h"
 #include "mlir/Support/LLVM.h"
@@ -82,20 +85,11 @@ inline LogicalResult mvmOpVerifySize4(SpatMVMOp* emitter,
   return success();
 }
 
-static FailureOr<ArrayRef<int64_t>> getWeightShapeForWeightedOp(Operation* weightedOp, size_t weightIndex) {
-  if (auto computeOp = weightedOp->getParentOfType<SpatCompute>())
-    return cast<ShapedType>(computeOp.getWeights()[weightIndex].getType()).getShape();
-
-  if (auto coreOp = weightedOp->getParentOfType<pim::PimCoreOp>())
-    return cast<ShapedType>(coreOp.getWeights()[weightIndex].getType()).getShape();
-
-  if (auto batchOp = weightedOp->getParentOfType<SpatComputeBatch>()) {
-    if (batchOp.getWeights().empty() || weightIndex >= batchOp.getWeights().size())
-      return failure();
-    return cast<ShapedType>(batchOp.getWeights()[weightIndex].getType()).getShape();
-  }
-
+static FailureOr<ArrayRef<int64_t>> getWeightShapeForWeightedOp(Value weight) {
+  auto shapedType = dyn_cast<ShapedType>(weight.getType());
+  if (!shapedType)
     return failure();
+  return shapedType.getShape();
 }
 
 static FailureOr<int32_t> getParentBatchLaneCount(Operation* op) {
@@ -105,15 +99,86 @@ static FailureOr<int32_t> getParentBatchLaneCount(Operation* op) {
   return batchOp.getLaneCount();
 }
 
-static LogicalResult verifyTensorChannelSizes(Operation* op,
-                                              Type type,
-                                              ArrayRef<int64_t> channelIds,
-                                              ArrayRef<int32_t> sourceCoreIds,
-                                              ArrayRef<int32_t> targetCoreIds,
+static bool isBatchOutputArgument(SpatComputeBatch batchOp, Value value) {
+  if (batchOp.getNumResults() == 0)
+    return false;
+  auto blockArg = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(value);
+  if (!blockArg || blockArg.getOwner() != &batchOp.getBody().front())
+    return false;
+
+  unsigned argNumber = blockArg.getArgNumber();
+  unsigned firstOutputArg = batchOp.getOutputArgument(0).getArgNumber();
+  return argNumber >= firstOutputArg && argNumber < firstOutputArg + batchOp.getNumResults();
+}
+
+static bool isConstantIndexLike(Value value) {
+  APInt constantValue;
+  return matchPattern(value, m_ConstantInt(&constantValue));
+}
+
+static bool isSupportedLaneOffsetExpr(Value value, BlockArgument laneArg) {
+  if (value == laneArg || isConstantIndexLike(value))
+    return true;
+
+  auto addOp = value.getDefiningOp<arith::AddIOp>();
+  if (!addOp)
+    return false;
+  return (addOp.getLhs() == laneArg && isConstantIndexLike(addOp.getRhs()))
+      || (addOp.getRhs() == laneArg && isConstantIndexLike(addOp.getLhs()));
+}
+
+static LogicalResult
+verifyStaticUnitStrideExtractSliceOp(tensor::ExtractSliceOp sliceOp, BlockArgument laneArg, StringRef kind) {
+  auto sourceType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(sliceOp.getSource().getType());
+  auto resultType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(sliceOp.getResult().getType());
+  if (!sourceType || !resultType || !sourceType.hasStaticShape() || !resultType.hasStaticShape())
+    return sliceOp.emitOpError() << kind << " requires static ranked tensor types";
+  if (!sliceOp.hasUnitStride())
+    return sliceOp.emitOpError() << kind << " requires unit strides";
+
+  for (int64_t size : sliceOp.getStaticSizes())
+    if (ShapedType::isDynamic(size))
+      return sliceOp.emitOpError() << kind << " requires static slice sizes";
+
+  auto offsets = sliceOp.getOffsets();
+  for (auto [offsetIndex, offset] : llvm::enumerate(offsets)) {
+    bool supported = offsetIndex == 0 ? isSupportedLaneOffsetExpr(offset, laneArg) : isConstantIndexLike(offset);
+    if (!supported)
+      return sliceOp.emitOpError() << kind << " requires simple lane-dependent offsets";
+  }
+
+  return success();
+}
+
+static LogicalResult verifyStaticUnitStrideParallelInsertSliceOp(tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp sliceOp,
+                                                                 BlockArgument laneArg,
                                                                  StringRef kind) {
-  if (channelIds.size() != sourceCoreIds.size() || channelIds.size() != targetCoreIds.size())
+  RankedTensorType sourceType = sliceOp.getSourceType();
+  RankedTensorType destType = sliceOp.getDestType();
+  if (!sourceType.hasStaticShape() || !destType.hasStaticShape())
+    return sliceOp.emitOpError() << kind << " requires static ranked tensor types";
+  if (!sliceOp.hasUnitStride())
+    return sliceOp.emitOpError() << kind << " requires unit strides";
+
+  for (int64_t size : sliceOp.getStaticSizes())
+    if (ShapedType::isDynamic(size))
+      return sliceOp.emitOpError() << kind << " requires static slice sizes";
+
+  auto offsets = sliceOp.getOffsets();
+  for (auto [offsetIndex, offset] : llvm::enumerate(offsets)) {
+    bool supported = offsetIndex == 0 ? isSupportedLaneOffsetExpr(offset, laneArg) : isConstantIndexLike(offset);
+    if (!supported)
+      return sliceOp.emitOpError() << kind << " requires simple lane-dependent offsets";
+  }
+
+  return success();
+}
+
+static LogicalResult verifyTensorChannelSizes(
+  Operation* op, Type type, size_t channelCount, size_t sourceCoreCount, size_t targetCoreCount, StringRef kind) {
+  if (channelCount != sourceCoreCount || channelCount != targetCoreCount)
     return op->emitError("channelIds, sourceCoreIds, and targetCoreIds must have the same length");
-  if (channelIds.empty())
+  if (channelCount == 0)
     return op->emitError() << kind << " must carry at least one chunk";
 
   auto shapedType = dyn_cast<ShapedType>(type);
@@ -125,40 +190,34 @@ static LogicalResult verifyTensorChannelSizes(Operation* op,
     return op->emitError() << kind << " requires byte-sized elements";
 
   int64_t totalBytes = shapedType.getNumElements() * elementBits / 8;
-  if (totalBytes % static_cast<int64_t>(channelIds.size()) != 0)
+  if (totalBytes % static_cast<int64_t>(channelCount) != 0)
     return op->emitError() << kind << " tensor byte size must be divisible by the number of channel ids";
   return success();
 }
 
-static LogicalResult verifyBatchChannelSizes(Operation* op,
-                                             ArrayRef<int64_t> channelIds,
-                                             ArrayRef<int32_t> sourceCoreIds,
-                                             ArrayRef<int32_t> targetCoreIds) {
-  if (channelIds.size() != sourceCoreIds.size() || channelIds.size() != targetCoreIds.size())
+static LogicalResult
+verifyBatchChannelSizes(Operation* op, size_t channelCount, size_t sourceCoreCount, size_t targetCoreCount) {
+  if (channelCount != sourceCoreCount || channelCount != targetCoreCount)
     return op->emitError("channelIds, sourceCoreIds, and targetCoreIds must have the same length");
 
   auto laneCount = getParentBatchLaneCount(op);
   if (failed(laneCount))
     return op->emitError("must be nested inside spat.compute_batch");
-  if (channelIds.size() != static_cast<size_t>(*laneCount))
+  if (channelCount != static_cast<size_t>(*laneCount))
     return op->emitError("channel metadata length must match parent laneCount");
 
   return success();
 }
 
-static LogicalResult verifyTensorBatchChannelSizes(Operation* op,
-                                                   Type type,
-                                                   ArrayRef<int64_t> channelIds,
-                                                   ArrayRef<int32_t> sourceCoreIds,
-                                                   ArrayRef<int32_t> targetCoreIds,
-                                                   StringRef kind) {
-  if (channelIds.size() != sourceCoreIds.size() || channelIds.size() != targetCoreIds.size())
+static LogicalResult verifyTensorBatchChannelSizes(
+  Operation* op, Type type, size_t channelCount, size_t sourceCoreCount, size_t targetCoreCount, StringRef kind) {
+  if (channelCount != sourceCoreCount || channelCount != targetCoreCount)
     return op->emitError("channelIds, sourceCoreIds, and targetCoreIds must have the same length");
 
   auto laneCount = getParentBatchLaneCount(op);
   if (failed(laneCount))
     return op->emitError("must be nested inside spat.compute_batch");
-  if (channelIds.empty() || channelIds.size() % static_cast<size_t>(*laneCount) != 0)
+  if (channelCount == 0 || channelCount % static_cast<size_t>(*laneCount) != 0)
     return op->emitError() << kind << " channel metadata length must be a positive multiple of parent laneCount";
 
   auto shapedType = dyn_cast<ShapedType>(type);
@@ -169,7 +228,7 @@ static LogicalResult verifyTensorBatchChannelSizes(Operation* op,
   if (elementBits <= 0 || elementBits % 8 != 0)
     return op->emitError() << kind << " requires byte-sized elements";
 
-  int64_t chunkCount = static_cast<int64_t>(channelIds.size()) / *laneCount;
+  int64_t chunkCount = static_cast<int64_t>(channelCount) / *laneCount;
   int64_t totalBytes = shapedType.getNumElements() * elementBits / 8;
   if (totalBytes % chunkCount != 0)
     return op->emitError() << kind << " tensor byte size must be divisible by the chunk count per lane";
@@ -177,28 +236,59 @@ static LogicalResult verifyTensorBatchChannelSizes(Operation* op,
   return success();
 }
 
-static LogicalResult verifyBatchBody(Operation* op, Block& block, TypeRange outputTypes, size_t weightsPerLane) {
-  auto yieldOp = dyn_cast_or_null<SpatYieldOp>(block.getTerminator());
-  if (!yieldOp)
-    return op->emitError("body must terminate with spat.yield");
-  if (outputTypes.empty()) {
-    if (yieldOp.getNumOperands() != 0)
-      return op->emitError("body yield must be empty when compute_batch has no results");
-  }
-  else {
-    if (yieldOp.getNumOperands() != 1)
-      return op->emitError("body yield must produce exactly one value");
-    if (yieldOp.getOperand(0).getType() != outputTypes[0])
-      return op->emitError("body yield type must match output type");
+static Region* getParentRegion(Value value) {
+  if (auto blockArg = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(value))
+    return blockArg.getOwner()->getParent();
+  if (Operation* definingOp = value.getDefiningOp())
+    return definingOp->getParentRegion();
+  return nullptr;
 }
 
+static bool isDefinedInsideRegion(Value value, Region& region) {
+  Region* parentRegion = getParentRegion(value);
+  return parentRegion && (&region == parentRegion || region.isAncestor(parentRegion));
+}
+
+static bool isConstantExternalValue(Value value) {
+  Operation* definingOp = value.getDefiningOp();
+  return definingOp && definingOp->hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>();
+}
+
+static LogicalResult verifyOnlyConstantExternalValues(Operation* ownerOp, Region& region, StringRef kind) {
+  bool hasFailure = false;
+  region.walk([&](Operation* op) {
+    for (OpOperand& operand : op->getOpOperands()) {
+      Value value = operand.get();
+      if (isDefinedInsideRegion(value, region) || isConstantExternalValue(value))
+        continue;
+
+      InFlightDiagnostic diagnostic = ownerOp->emitOpError()
+                                    << kind << " body may only directly reference external constants";
+      diagnostic.attachNote(op->getLoc()) << "non-constant external operand #" << operand.getOperandNumber()
+                                          << " is used by " << op->getName();
+      hasFailure = true;
+    }
+  });
+  return success(!hasFailure);
+}
+
+static LogicalResult verifyBatchBody(SpatComputeBatch batchOp, Block& block) {
+  if (batchOp.getNumResults() == 0) {
+    auto yieldOp = dyn_cast_or_null<SpatYieldOp>(block.getTerminator());
+    if (!yieldOp)
+      return batchOp.emitError("resultless compute_batch body must terminate with spat.yield");
+    if (yieldOp.getNumOperands() != 0)
+      return batchOp.emitError("resultless compute_batch body yield must be empty");
+  }
+  else if (!isa_and_nonnull<SpatInParallelOp>(block.getTerminator())) {
+    return batchOp.emitError("resultful compute_batch body must terminate with spat.in_parallel");
+  }
+
+  BlockArgument laneArg = batchOp.getLaneArgument();
   for (auto& bodyOp : block) {
-    if (auto wvmm = dyn_cast<SpatVMMOp>(&bodyOp))
-      if (wvmm.getWeightIndex() < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(wvmm.getWeightIndex()) >= weightsPerLane)
-        return op->emitError("compute_batch body Wvmm weightIndex is out of range for one lane");
-    if (auto wmvm = dyn_cast<SpatMVMOp>(&bodyOp))
-      if (wmvm.getWeightIndex() < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(wmvm.getWeightIndex()) >= weightsPerLane)
-        return op->emitError("compute_batch body Wmvm weightIndex is out of range for one lane");
+    if (auto extractSlice = dyn_cast<tensor::ExtractSliceOp>(&bodyOp))
+      if (failed(verifyStaticUnitStrideExtractSliceOp(extractSlice, laneArg, "tensor.extract_slice")))
+        return failure();
   }
   return success();
 }
@@ -206,9 +296,9 @@ static LogicalResult verifyBatchBody(Operation* op, Block& block, TypeRange outp
 } // namespace
 
 LogicalResult SpatMVMOp::verify() {
-  auto matrixShapeOpt = getWeightShapeForWeightedOp(this->getOperation(), this->getWeightIndex());
+  auto matrixShapeOpt = getWeightShapeForWeightedOp(getWeight());
   if (failed(matrixShapeOpt))
-    return emitError("SpatMVMOp was not within a SpatCompute or Core op");
+    return emitError("weight must be a shaped value");
   auto matrixShape = *matrixShapeOpt;
   auto vectorShape = getInput().getType().getShape();
   auto outputShape = getOutput().getType().getShape();
@@ -221,9 +311,9 @@ LogicalResult SpatMVMOp::verify() {
 }
 
 LogicalResult SpatVMMOp::verify() {
-  auto matrixShapeOpt = getWeightShapeForWeightedOp(this->getOperation(), this->getWeightIndex());
+  auto matrixShapeOpt = getWeightShapeForWeightedOp(getWeight());
   if (failed(matrixShapeOpt))
-    return emitError("SpatVMMOp was not within a SpatCompute or Core op");
+    return emitError("weight must be a shaped value");
   auto matrixShape = *matrixShapeOpt;
   auto vectorShape = getInput().getType().getShape();
   auto outputShape = getOutput().getType().getShape();
@@ -354,6 +444,19 @@ LogicalResult verifyComputeResultsUses(Operation* op) {
 
 LogicalResult SpatCompute::verify() {
   auto& block = getBody().front();
+  unsigned expectedArgCount = getWeights().size() + getInputs().size();
+  if (block.getNumArguments() != expectedArgCount)
+    return emitError("compute body must have weight and input block arguments");
+
+  for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(getWeights())) {
+    if (getWeightArgument(weightIndex).getType() != weight.getType())
+      return emitError("compute weight block argument types must match weight operand types exactly");
+  }
+  for (auto [inputIndex, input] : llvm::enumerate(getInputs())) {
+    if (getInputArgument(inputIndex).getType() != input.getType())
+      return emitError("compute input block argument types must match input operand types exactly");
+  }
+
   if (block.mightHaveTerminator()) {
     auto yieldOp = dyn_cast_or_null<SpatYieldOp>(block.getTerminator());
     if (!yieldOp)
@@ -386,9 +489,11 @@ LogicalResult SpatCompute::verify() {
     }
   }
 
-  for (auto arg : block.getArguments())
-    if (arg.use_empty())
+  for (unsigned inputIndex = 0; inputIndex < getInputs().size(); ++inputIndex)
+    if (getInputArgument(inputIndex).use_empty())
       return emitError("ComputeOp block argument is not used");
+  if (failed(verifyOnlyConstantExternalValues(this->getOperation(), getBody(), "spat.compute")))
+    return failure();
   if (failed(verifyComputeResultsUses(this->getOperation())))
     return failure();
   return success();
@@ -397,44 +502,46 @@ LogicalResult SpatCompute::verify() {
 LogicalResult SpatChannelSendTensorOp::verify() {
   return verifyTensorChannelSizes(getOperation(),
                                   getInput().getType(),
-                                  getChannelIds(),
-                                  getSourceCoreIds(),
-                                  getTargetCoreIds(),
+                                  getChannelIds().size(),
+                                  getSourceCoreIds().size(),
+                                  getTargetCoreIds().size(),
                                   "channel_send_tensor");
 }
 
 LogicalResult SpatChannelReceiveTensorOp::verify() {
   return verifyTensorChannelSizes(getOperation(),
                                   getOutput().getType(),
-                                  getChannelIds(),
-                                  getSourceCoreIds(),
-                                  getTargetCoreIds(),
+                                  getChannelIds().size(),
+                                  getSourceCoreIds().size(),
+                                  getTargetCoreIds().size(),
                                   "channel_receive_tensor");
 }
 
 LogicalResult SpatChannelSendBatchOp::verify() {
-  return verifyBatchChannelSizes(getOperation(), getChannelIds(), getSourceCoreIds(), getTargetCoreIds());
+  return verifyBatchChannelSizes(
+    getOperation(), getChannelIds().size(), getSourceCoreIds().size(), getTargetCoreIds().size());
 }
 
 LogicalResult SpatChannelSendTensorBatchOp::verify() {
   return verifyTensorBatchChannelSizes(getOperation(),
                                        getInput().getType(),
-                                       getChannelIds(),
-                                       getSourceCoreIds(),
-                                       getTargetCoreIds(),
+                                       getChannelIds().size(),
+                                       getSourceCoreIds().size(),
+                                       getTargetCoreIds().size(),
                                        "channel_send_tensor_batch");
 }
 
 LogicalResult SpatChannelReceiveBatchOp::verify() {
-  return verifyBatchChannelSizes(getOperation(), getChannelIds(), getSourceCoreIds(), getTargetCoreIds());
+  return verifyBatchChannelSizes(
+    getOperation(), getChannelIds().size(), getSourceCoreIds().size(), getTargetCoreIds().size());
 }
 
 LogicalResult SpatChannelReceiveTensorBatchOp::verify() {
   return verifyTensorBatchChannelSizes(getOperation(),
                                        getOutput().getType(),
-                                       getChannelIds(),
-                                       getSourceCoreIds(),
-                                       getTargetCoreIds(),
+                                       getChannelIds().size(),
+                                       getSourceCoreIds().size(),
+                                       getTargetCoreIds().size(),
                                        "channel_receive_tensor_batch");
 }
 
@@ -444,35 +551,6 @@ LogicalResult SpatComputeBatch::verify() {
     return emitError("laneCount must be positive");
 
   auto laneCountSz = static_cast<size_t>(count);
-  if (getWeights().size() % laneCountSz != 0)
-    return emitError("number of weights must be a multiple of laneCount");
-
-  if (!getInputs().empty() && getInputs().size() != laneCountSz)
-    return emitError("number of inputs must be either 0 or laneCount");
-  if (!getOutputs().empty() && getOutputs().size() != laneCountSz)
-    return emitError("number of outputs must be either 0 or laneCount");
-
-  size_t weightsPerLane = getWeights().size() / laneCountSz;
-  for (size_t weightIndex = 0; weightIndex < weightsPerLane; ++weightIndex) {
-    Type weightType = getWeights()[weightIndex].getType();
-    for (size_t lane = 1; lane < laneCountSz; ++lane)
-      if (getWeights()[lane * weightsPerLane + weightIndex].getType() != weightType)
-        return emitError("corresponding weights across lanes must have the same type");
-  }
-
-  if (!getInputs().empty()) {
-    Type inputType = getInputs()[0].getType();
-    for (Value in : getInputs().drop_front())
-      if (in.getType() != inputType)
-        return emitError("all inputs must have the same type");
-  }
-
-  if (!getOutputs().empty()) {
-    Type outputType = getOutputs()[0].getType();
-    for (Value out : getOutputs().drop_front())
-      if (out.getType() != outputType)
-        return emitError("all outputs must have the same type");
-  }
 
   if (auto coreIdAttr = (*this)->getAttr(kCoreIdsAttrName)) {
     auto coreIdsAttr = dyn_cast<DenseI32ArrayAttr>(coreIdAttr);
@@ -482,27 +560,64 @@ LogicalResult SpatComputeBatch::verify() {
       return emitError("compute_batch coreIds array length must match laneCount");
     if (llvm::any_of(coreIdsAttr.asArrayRef(), [](int32_t coreId) { return coreId < 0; }))
       return emitError("compute_batch coreIds values must be non-negative");
-    llvm::SmallDenseSet<int32_t, 8> seenCoreIds;
+    DenseSet<int32_t> seenCoreIds;
     for (int32_t coreId : coreIdsAttr.asArrayRef())
       if (!seenCoreIds.insert(coreId).second)
-        return emitError("compute_batch coreIds values must be distinct");
+        return emitError("compute_batch coreIds values must be unique");
   }
 
   Block& block = getBody().front();
-  if (getInputs().empty()) {
-    if (block.getNumArguments() != 0)
-      return emitError("compute_batch body must have no block arguments when there are no inputs");
+  unsigned expectedArgCount = 1 + getWeights().size() + getInputs().size() + getNumResults();
+  if (block.getNumArguments() != expectedArgCount)
+    return emitError("compute_batch body must have lane, weight, input, and output block arguments");
+  if (!getLaneArgument().getType().isIndex())
+    return emitError("compute_batch first block argument must have index type");
+
+  for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(getWeights())) {
+    if (getWeightArgument(weightIndex).getType() != weight.getType())
+      return emitError("compute_batch weight block argument types must match weight operand types exactly");
   }
-  else {
-    if (block.getNumArguments() != 1)
-      return emitError("compute_batch body must have exactly one block argument");
-    if (block.getArgument(0).getType() != getInputs()[0].getType())
-      return emitError("body block argument type must match input type");
+  for (auto [inputIndex, input] : llvm::enumerate(getInputs())) {
+    BlockArgument blockArg = getInputArgument(inputIndex);
+    if (blockArg.getType() != input.getType())
+      return emitError("compute_batch input block argument types must match input operand types exactly");
+  }
+  for (auto [resultIndex, resultType] : llvm::enumerate(getResultTypes())) {
+    BlockArgument blockArg = getOutputArgument(resultIndex);
+    if (blockArg.getType() != resultType)
+      return emitError("compute_batch output block argument types must match result types exactly");
   }
 
   if (failed(verifyComputeResultsUses(this->getOperation())))
     return failure();
-  return verifyBatchBody(getOperation(), block, getResultTypes(), weightsPerLane);
+  if (failed(verifyOnlyConstantExternalValues(this->getOperation(), getBody(), "spat.compute_batch")))
+    return failure();
+  return verifyBatchBody(*this, block);
+}
+
+LogicalResult SpatInParallelOp::verify() {
+  auto batchOp = getOperation()->getParentOfType<SpatComputeBatch>();
+  if (!batchOp)
+    return emitOpError("expected spat.compute_batch parent");
+  if (batchOp.getNumResults() == 0)
+    return emitOpError("requires a resultful spat.compute_batch parent");
+
+  BlockArgument laneArg = batchOp.getLaneArgument();
+  for (Operation& op : getRegion().front().getOperations()) {
+    auto insertSliceOp = dyn_cast<tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp>(&op);
+    if (!insertSliceOp)
+      return emitOpError("expected only tensor.parallel_insert_slice ops");
+
+    if (failed(verifyStaticUnitStrideParallelInsertSliceOp(insertSliceOp, laneArg, "tensor.parallel_insert_slice")))
+      return failure();
+
+    MutableOperandRange destinations = insertSliceOp.getUpdatedDestinations();
+    for (OpOperand& destination : destinations)
+      if (!isBatchOutputArgument(batchOp, destination.get()))
+        return op.emitOpError("may only insert into a compute_batch output block argument");
+  }
+
+  return success();
 }
 
 } // namespace spatial

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/MergeComputeNodesPass.cpp

@@ -167,21 +167,20 @@ bool isTrivialSerialMergeCandidate(SpatCompute compute) {
   return user && user.getInputs().size() == 1 && use.getOperandNumber() >= user.getWeights().size();
 }
 
-SmallVector<size_t> appendMissingWeightsAndBuildIndexMap(SpatCompute target, ValueRange sourceWeights) {
+SmallVector<size_t> appendMissingWeightsAndBuildIndexMap(SmallVectorImpl<Value>& targetWeights, ValueRange sourceWeights) {
   DenseMap<Value, SmallVector<size_t, 4>> targetWeightIndices;
-  for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(target.getWeights()))
+  for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(targetWeights))
     targetWeightIndices[weight].push_back(weightIndex);
 
   DenseMap<Value, size_t> usedSourceWeightOccurrences;
   SmallVector<size_t> sourceToTargetIndex;
   sourceToTargetIndex.reserve(sourceWeights.size());
-  auto targetWeights = target.getWeightsMutable();
   for (Value weight : sourceWeights) {
     size_t occurrence = usedSourceWeightOccurrences[weight]++;
     auto& matchingIndices = targetWeightIndices[weight];
     if (occurrence >= matchingIndices.size()) {
-      size_t newIndex = target.getWeights().size();
-      targetWeights.append(weight);
+      size_t newIndex = targetWeights.size();
+      targetWeights.push_back(weight);
       matchingIndices.push_back(newIndex);
       sourceToTargetIndex.push_back(newIndex);
       continue;
@@ -213,37 +212,36 @@ void mergeTriviallyConnectedComputes(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
     auto& computeUse = *compute->getUses().begin();
     auto child = cast<SpatCompute>(computeUse.getOwner());
     auto usedResult = cast<OpResult>(computeUse.get()).getResultNumber();
-    auto childArgIndex = computeUse.getOperandNumber() - child.getWeights().size();
+    auto childInputIndex = computeUse.getOperandNumber() - child.getWeights().size();
 
     rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(compute.getOperation());
-    auto newCompute = SpatCompute::create(rewriter, loc, child.getResultTypes(), compute.getOperands());
-    newCompute.getProperties().setOperandSegmentSizes(
-      {static_cast<int>(compute.getWeights().size()), static_cast<int>(compute.getInputs().size())});
+    SmallVector<Value> mergedWeights(compute.getWeights().begin(), compute.getWeights().end());
+    SmallVector<size_t> childWeightToNewIndex = appendMissingWeightsAndBuildIndexMap(mergedWeights, child.getWeights());
+    SmallVector<Value> mergedInputs(compute.getInputs().begin(), compute.getInputs().end());
+    auto newCompute = SpatCompute::create(rewriter, loc, child.getResultTypes(), mergedWeights, mergedInputs);
+    Block* newBody = rewriter.createBlock(&newCompute.getBodyRegion());
+    for (Value weight : mergedWeights)
+      newBody->addArgument(weight.getType(), loc);
+    for (Value input : mergedInputs)
+      newBody->addArgument(input.getType(), loc);
 
     IRMapping mapper;
-    SmallVector<size_t> childWeightToNewIndex = appendMissingWeightsAndBuildIndexMap(newCompute, child.getWeights());
+    for (auto [weightIndex, _] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getWeights()))
+      mapper.map(compute.getWeightArgument(weightIndex), newCompute.getWeightArgument(weightIndex));
+    for (auto [inputIndex, _] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getInputs()))
+      mapper.map(compute.getInputArgument(inputIndex), newCompute.getInputArgument(inputIndex));
     for (auto [oldIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(child.getWeights()))
-      mapper.map(weight, *std::next(newCompute.getWeights().begin(), childWeightToNewIndex[oldIndex]));
+      mapper.map(child.getWeightArgument(oldIndex), newCompute.getWeightArgument(childWeightToNewIndex[oldIndex]));
 
-    compute.getBodyRegion().cloneInto(&newCompute.getBodyRegion(), mapper);
-    auto newTerminator = newCompute.getBody().front().getTerminator();
-    mapper.map(child.getBody().front().getArgument(childArgIndex), newTerminator->getOperand(usedResult));
-    newTerminator->erase();
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointToEnd(newBody);
+    auto computeYield = cast<spatial::SpatYieldOp>(compute.getBody().front().getTerminator());
+    for (Operation& op : compute.getBody().front().without_terminator())
+      rewriter.clone(op, mapper);
+    mapper.map(child.getInputArgument(childInputIndex), mapper.lookupOrDefault(computeYield.getOperand(usedResult)));
 
-    rewriter.setInsertionPoint(&newCompute.getBody().front(), newCompute.getBody().front().end());
-    auto remapWeightIndex = [&](auto weightedOp) {
-      auto oldIndex = weightedOp.getWeightIndex();
-      assert(static_cast<size_t>(oldIndex) < childWeightToNewIndex.size() && "weight index out of range");
-      weightedOp.setWeightIndex(childWeightToNewIndex[oldIndex]);
-    };
-
-    for (auto& op : child.getBody().front()) {
-      auto newInst = rewriter.clone(op, mapper);
-      if (auto weightedMvmOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatMVMOp>(newInst))
-        remapWeightIndex(weightedMvmOp);
-      if (auto weightedVmmOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatVMMOp>(newInst))
-        remapWeightIndex(weightedVmmOp);
-    }
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointToEnd(newBody);
+    for (auto& op : child.getBody().front())
+      rewriter.clone(op, mapper);
 
     child.replaceAllUsesWith(newCompute);
     toErase.insert(child);

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/PostMergeCompaction.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/IRMapping.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Matchers.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/PatternMatch.h"
 
 #include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
@@ -61,6 +62,66 @@ std::optional<int32_t> getComputeCoreId(SpatCompute compute) {
 
 static constexpr StringLiteral kRebatchPhaseAttrName = "_pim_rebatch_phase";
 
+static FailureOr<int64_t> getConstantI64Value(Value value) {
+  APInt constantValue;
+  if (!matchPattern(value, m_ConstantInt(&constantValue)))
+    return failure();
+  return constantValue.getSExtValue();
+}
+
+static FailureOr<int32_t> getConstantI32Value(Value value) {
+  APInt constantValue;
+  if (!matchPattern(value, m_ConstantInt(&constantValue)))
+    return failure();
+  return static_cast<int32_t>(constantValue.getSExtValue());
+}
+
+static bool getScalarChannelMetadata(spatial::SpatChannelSendOp op,
+                                     uint64_t& channelId,
+                                     uint32_t& sourceCoreId,
+                                     uint32_t& targetCoreId) {
+  FailureOr<int64_t> constantChannelId = getConstantI64Value(op.getChannelId());
+  FailureOr<int32_t> constantSourceCoreId = getConstantI32Value(op.getSourceCoreId());
+  FailureOr<int32_t> constantTargetCoreId = getConstantI32Value(op.getTargetCoreId());
+  if (failed(constantChannelId) || failed(constantSourceCoreId) || failed(constantTargetCoreId))
+    return false;
+  channelId = static_cast<uint64_t>(*constantChannelId);
+  sourceCoreId = static_cast<uint32_t>(*constantSourceCoreId);
+  targetCoreId = static_cast<uint32_t>(*constantTargetCoreId);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool getScalarChannelMetadata(spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp op,
+                                     uint64_t& channelId,
+                                     uint32_t& sourceCoreId,
+                                     uint32_t& targetCoreId) {
+  FailureOr<int64_t> constantChannelId = getConstantI64Value(op.getChannelId());
+  FailureOr<int32_t> constantSourceCoreId = getConstantI32Value(op.getSourceCoreId());
+  FailureOr<int32_t> constantTargetCoreId = getConstantI32Value(op.getTargetCoreId());
+  if (failed(constantChannelId) || failed(constantSourceCoreId) || failed(constantTargetCoreId))
+    return false;
+  channelId = static_cast<uint64_t>(*constantChannelId);
+  sourceCoreId = static_cast<uint32_t>(*constantSourceCoreId);
+  targetCoreId = static_cast<uint32_t>(*constantTargetCoreId);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static SmallVector<Value> createIndexConstants(Operation* anchorOp, ArrayRef<int64_t> values, OperationFolder& folder) {
+  SmallVector<Value> constants;
+  constants.reserve(values.size());
+  for (int64_t value : values)
+    constants.push_back(getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(anchorOp, value, folder));
+  return constants;
+}
+
+static SmallVector<Value> createIndexConstants(Operation* anchorOp, ArrayRef<int32_t> values, OperationFolder& folder) {
+  SmallVector<Value> constants;
+  constants.reserve(values.size());
+  for (int32_t value : values)
+    constants.push_back(getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(anchorOp, value, folder));
+  return constants;
+}
+
 std::optional<uint64_t> getComputeRebatchPhase(SpatCompute compute) {
   if (auto phaseAttr = compute->getAttrOfType<IntegerAttr>(kRebatchPhaseAttrName))
     return static_cast<uint64_t>(phaseAttr.getInt());
@@ -206,8 +267,215 @@ bool areEquivalentForRebatch(SpatCompute lhs, SpatCompute rhs) {
   return lhsIt == lhsBlock.end() && rhsIt == rhsBlock.end();
 }
 
+struct BatchYieldInfo {
+  Value yieldedValue;
+  tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp insertSlice;
+};
+
+static bool isHostOnlyBatchResultUser(Operation* user) {
+  return isa<func::ReturnOp,
+             spatial::SpatConcatOp,
+             tensor::ExtractSliceOp,
+             tensor::CastOp,
+             tensor::CollapseShapeOp,
+             tensor::ExpandShapeOp>(user);
+}
+
+static FailureOr<DenseMap<BlockArgument, BatchYieldInfo>> collectBatchYieldInfo(SpatComputeBatch batchOp) {
+  Block& block = batchOp.getBody().front();
+  auto inParallel = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatInParallelOp>(block.getTerminator());
+  if (!inParallel)
+    return failure();
+
+  DenseMap<BlockArgument, BatchYieldInfo> batchYieldByOutputArg;
+  for (Operation& op : inParallel.getRegion().front()) {
+    auto insertSlice = dyn_cast<tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp>(&op);
+    if (!insertSlice)
+      return failure();
+    auto outputArg = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(insertSlice.getDest());
+    if (!outputArg || outputArg.getOwner() != &block)
+      return failure();
+    batchYieldByOutputArg[outputArg] = {insertSlice.getSource(), insertSlice};
+  }
+  return batchYieldByOutputArg;
+}
+
+static FailureOr<SpatComputeBatch> cloneBatchAsResultless(SpatComputeBatch batchOp, IRRewriter& rewriter) {
+  auto coreIdsAttr = batchOp->getAttrOfType<DenseI32ArrayAttr>(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName);
+  if (!coreIdsAttr)
+    return failure();
+
+  Block& oldBlock = batchOp.getBody().front();
+  rewriter.setInsertionPoint(batchOp);
+  auto newBatch = SpatComputeBatch::create(rewriter,
+                                           batchOp.getLoc(),
+                                           TypeRange {},
+                                           rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(batchOp.getLaneCount()),
+                                           batchOp.getWeights(),
+                                           batchOp.getInputs());
+  newBatch.getProperties().setOperandSegmentSizes(
+    {static_cast<int>(batchOp.getWeights().size()), static_cast<int>(batchOp.getInputs().size())});
+  newBatch->setAttr(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName, coreIdsAttr);
+
+  SmallVector<Type> blockArgTypes;
+  SmallVector<Location> blockArgLocs;
+  blockArgTypes.reserve(1 + batchOp.getWeights().size() + batchOp.getInputs().size());
+  blockArgLocs.reserve(1 + batchOp.getWeights().size() + batchOp.getInputs().size());
+  blockArgTypes.push_back(batchOp.getLaneArgument().getType());
+  blockArgLocs.push_back(batchOp.getLaneArgument().getLoc());
+  for (unsigned weightIndex = 0; weightIndex < batchOp.getWeights().size(); ++weightIndex) {
+    blockArgTypes.push_back(batchOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex).getType());
+    blockArgLocs.push_back(batchOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex).getLoc());
+  }
+  for (unsigned inputIndex = 0; inputIndex < batchOp.getInputs().size(); ++inputIndex) {
+    blockArgTypes.push_back(batchOp.getInputArgument(inputIndex).getType());
+    blockArgLocs.push_back(batchOp.getInputArgument(inputIndex).getLoc());
+  }
+
+  Block* newBlock =
+    rewriter.createBlock(&newBatch.getBody(), newBatch.getBody().end(), TypeRange(blockArgTypes), blockArgLocs);
+  rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(newBlock);
+
+  IRMapping mapper;
+  mapper.map(batchOp.getLaneArgument(), newBatch.getLaneArgument());
+  for (unsigned weightIndex = 0; weightIndex < batchOp.getWeights().size(); ++weightIndex)
+    mapper.map(batchOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex), newBatch.getWeightArgument(weightIndex));
+  for (unsigned inputIndex = 0; inputIndex < batchOp.getInputs().size(); ++inputIndex)
+    mapper.map(batchOp.getInputArgument(inputIndex), newBatch.getInputArgument(inputIndex));
+
+  for (Operation& op : oldBlock.without_terminator()) {
+    Operation* cloned = rewriter.clone(op, mapper);
+    for (auto [oldResult, newResult] : llvm::zip(op.getResults(), cloned->getResults()))
+      mapper.map(oldResult, newResult);
+  }
+
+  return newBatch;
+}
+
+static LogicalResult materializeBatchResultCommunication(func::FuncOp funcOp, int64_t& nextChannelId) {
+  IRRewriter rewriter(funcOp.getContext());
+  OperationFolder constantFolder(funcOp.getContext());
+  SmallVector<SpatComputeBatch> batches(funcOp.getOps<SpatComputeBatch>());
+
+  for (auto batchOp : batches) {
+    if (batchOp.getNumResults() == 0)
+      continue;
+
+    auto coreIdsAttr = batchOp->getAttrOfType<DenseI32ArrayAttr>(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName);
+    if (!coreIdsAttr)
+      return batchOp.emitOpError("missing coreIds while materializing batch result communication");
+
+    FailureOr<DenseMap<BlockArgument, BatchYieldInfo>> batchYieldInfo = collectBatchYieldInfo(batchOp);
+    if (failed(batchYieldInfo))
+      return batchOp.emitOpError("failed to collect per-result yielded values from compute_batch body");
+
+    FailureOr<SpatComputeBatch> newBatch = cloneBatchAsResultless(batchOp, rewriter);
+    if (failed(newBatch))
+      return batchOp.emitOpError("failed to clone resultful compute_batch as resultless");
+
+    Block& oldBlock = batchOp.getBody().front();
+    Block& newBlock = newBatch->getBody().front();
+    IRMapping mapper;
+    mapper.map(batchOp.getLaneArgument(), newBatch->getLaneArgument());
+    for (unsigned weightIndex = 0; weightIndex < batchOp.getWeights().size(); ++weightIndex)
+      mapper.map(batchOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex), newBatch->getWeightArgument(weightIndex));
+    for (unsigned inputIndex = 0; inputIndex < batchOp.getInputs().size(); ++inputIndex)
+      mapper.map(batchOp.getInputArgument(inputIndex), newBatch->getInputArgument(inputIndex));
+    auto oldIt = oldBlock.begin();
+    auto newIt = newBlock.begin();
+    for (; oldIt != oldBlock.end() && newIt != newBlock.end(); ++oldIt, ++newIt)
+      for (auto [oldResult, newResult] : llvm::zip(oldIt->getResults(), newIt->getResults()))
+        mapper.map(oldResult, newResult);
+
+    SmallVector<int32_t> sourceCoreIds(coreIdsAttr.asArrayRef().begin(), coreIdsAttr.asArrayRef().end());
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointToEnd(&newBlock);
+
+    for (unsigned resultIndex = 0; resultIndex < batchOp.getNumResults(); ++resultIndex) {
+      BlockArgument outputArg = batchOp.getOutputArgument(resultIndex);
+      auto yieldInfoIt = batchYieldInfo->find(outputArg);
+      if (yieldInfoIt == batchYieldInfo->end())
+        return batchOp.emitOpError(
+          "missing yielded value for compute_batch result during communication materialization");
+      Value mappedYieldedValue = mapper.lookup(yieldInfoIt->second.yieldedValue);
+
+      DenseMap<int32_t, SmallVector<OpOperand*>> computeUsesByTargetCore;
+      SmallVector<OpOperand*> hostUses;
+      for (OpOperand& use : batchOp.getResult(resultIndex).getUses()) {
+        if (auto computeOp = dyn_cast<SpatCompute>(use.getOwner())) {
+          auto coreIdAttr = computeOp->getAttrOfType<IntegerAttr>(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdAttrName);
+          if (!coreIdAttr)
+            return batchOp.emitOpError("compute user of compute_batch result is missing coreId");
+          computeUsesByTargetCore[static_cast<int32_t>(coreIdAttr.getInt())].push_back(&use);
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (isHostOnlyBatchResultUser(use.getOwner())) {
+          hostUses.push_back(&use);
+          continue;
+        }
+        return batchOp.emitOpError("unsupported user of compute_batch result during communication materialization")
+            << ": " << use.getOwner()->getName();
+      }
+
+      auto createReceiveForUses = [&](ArrayRef<OpOperand*> uses, ArrayRef<int32_t> targetCoreIds) -> LogicalResult {
+        if (uses.empty())
+          return success();
+
+        SmallVector<int64_t> channelIds;
+        channelIds.reserve(sourceCoreIds.size());
+        for ([[maybe_unused]] int32_t sourceCoreId : sourceCoreIds)
+          channelIds.push_back(nextChannelId++);
+        SmallVector<Value> sendChannelIdValues = createIndexConstants(batchOp, channelIds, constantFolder);
+        SmallVector<Value> sendSourceCoreIdValues = createIndexConstants(batchOp, sourceCoreIds, constantFolder);
+        SmallVector<Value> sendTargetCoreIdValues = createIndexConstants(batchOp, targetCoreIds, constantFolder);
+
+        spatial::SpatChannelSendBatchOp::create(rewriter,
+                                                batchOp.getLoc(),
+                                                sendChannelIdValues,
+                                                sendSourceCoreIdValues,
+                                                sendTargetCoreIdValues,
+                                                mappedYieldedValue);
+
+        OpBuilder::InsertionGuard guard(rewriter);
+        rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(newBatch->getOperation());
+        SmallVector<Value> receiveChannelIdValues = createIndexConstants(batchOp, channelIds, constantFolder);
+        SmallVector<Value> receiveSourceCoreIdValues = createIndexConstants(batchOp, sourceCoreIds, constantFolder);
+        SmallVector<Value> receiveTargetCoreIdValues = createIndexConstants(batchOp, targetCoreIds, constantFolder);
+        auto received = spatial::SpatChannelReceiveTensorOp::create(rewriter,
+                                                                    batchOp.getLoc(),
+                                                                    batchOp.getResult(resultIndex).getType(),
+                                                                    receiveChannelIdValues,
+                                                                    receiveSourceCoreIdValues,
+                                                                    receiveTargetCoreIdValues);
+        for (OpOperand* use : uses)
+          use->set(received.getOutput());
+        rewriter.setInsertionPointToEnd(&newBlock);
+        return success();
+      };
+
+      for (auto& [targetCoreId, uses] : computeUsesByTargetCore) {
+        SmallVector<int32_t> targetCoreIds(static_cast<size_t>(batchOp.getLaneCount()), targetCoreId);
+        if (failed(createReceiveForUses(uses, targetCoreIds)))
+          return failure();
+      }
+
+      if (!hostUses.empty()) {
+        SmallVector<int32_t> hostTargetCoreIds(static_cast<size_t>(batchOp.getLaneCount()), 0);
+        if (failed(createReceiveForUses(hostUses, hostTargetCoreIds)))
+          return failure();
+      }
+    }
+
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointToEnd(&newBlock);
+    spatial::SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, batchOp.getLoc(), ValueRange {});
+    rewriter.eraseOp(batchOp);
+  }
+
+  return success();
+}
+
 void rebatchEquivalentComputes(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
   IRRewriter rewriter(funcOp.getContext());
+  OperationFolder constantFolder(funcOp.getContext());
   SmallVector<SpatCompute> computes(funcOp.getOps<SpatCompute>());
   DenseSet<Operation*> consumed;
   DenseMap<Operation*, size_t> computeOrder;
@@ -316,8 +584,10 @@ void rebatchEquivalentComputes(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
         entries.reserve(group.size());
         for (auto [groupIndex, compute] : llvm::enumerate(group)) {
           auto groupReceive = cast<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp>(&*opIts[groupIndex]);
-          entries.push_back(
-            {groupReceive.getChannelId(), groupReceive.getSourceCoreId(), groupReceive.getTargetCoreId()});
+          BatchReceiveEntry entry;
+          if (!getScalarChannelMetadata(groupReceive, entry.channelId, entry.sourceCoreId, entry.targetCoreId))
+            return;
+          entries.push_back(entry);
           ++opIts[groupIndex];
         }
         SmallVector<int64_t> channelIds;
@@ -331,12 +601,15 @@ void rebatchEquivalentComputes(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
           sourceCoreIds.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(entry.sourceCoreId));
           targetCoreIds.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(entry.targetCoreId));
         }
+        SmallVector<Value> channelIdValues = createIndexConstants(receiveOp, channelIds, constantFolder);
+        SmallVector<Value> sourceCoreIdValues = createIndexConstants(receiveOp, sourceCoreIds, constantFolder);
+        SmallVector<Value> targetCoreIdValues = createIndexConstants(receiveOp, targetCoreIds, constantFolder);
         auto batchReceive = spatial::SpatChannelReceiveBatchOp::create(rewriter,
                                                                        receiveOp.getLoc(),
                                                                        receiveOp.getOutput().getType(),
-                                                                       rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(channelIds),
-                                                                       rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(sourceCoreIds),
-                                                                       rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(targetCoreIds));
+                                                                       channelIdValues,
+                                                                       sourceCoreIdValues,
+                                                                       targetCoreIdValues);
         mapper.map(receiveOp.getOutput(), batchReceive.getOutput());
         continue;
       }
@@ -351,7 +624,10 @@ void rebatchEquivalentComputes(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
         entries.reserve(group.size());
         for (auto [groupIndex, compute] : llvm::enumerate(group)) {
           auto groupSend = cast<spatial::SpatChannelSendOp>(&*opIts[groupIndex]);
-          entries.push_back({groupSend.getChannelId(), groupSend.getSourceCoreId(), groupSend.getTargetCoreId()});
+          BatchSendEntry entry;
+          if (!getScalarChannelMetadata(groupSend, entry.channelId, entry.sourceCoreId, entry.targetCoreId))
+            return;
+          entries.push_back(entry);
           ++opIts[groupIndex];
         }
         SmallVector<int64_t> channelIds;
@@ -365,11 +641,14 @@ void rebatchEquivalentComputes(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
           sourceCoreIds.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(entry.sourceCoreId));
           targetCoreIds.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(entry.targetCoreId));
         }
+        SmallVector<Value> channelIdValues = createIndexConstants(sendOp, channelIds, constantFolder);
+        SmallVector<Value> sourceCoreIdValues = createIndexConstants(sendOp, sourceCoreIds, constantFolder);
+        SmallVector<Value> targetCoreIdValues = createIndexConstants(sendOp, targetCoreIds, constantFolder);
         spatial::SpatChannelSendBatchOp::create(rewriter,
                                                 sendOp.getLoc(),
-                                                rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(channelIds),
-                                                rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(sourceCoreIds),
-                                                rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(targetCoreIds),
+                                                channelIdValues,
+                                                sourceCoreIdValues,
+                                                targetCoreIdValues,
                                                 mapper.lookup(sendOp.getInput()));
         continue;
       }
@@ -452,6 +731,11 @@ LogicalResult runPostMergeCompactionPipeline(func::FuncOp funcOp, int64_t& nextC
     ScopedMergePhaseTimer timer("cleanup-dead-packing-ops");
     cleanupDeadPackingOps(funcOp);
   }
+  {
+    ScopedMergePhaseTimer timer("materialize-batch-result-communication");
+    if (failed(materializeBatchResultCommunication(funcOp, nextChannelId)))
+      return failure();
+  }
 
   return success();
 }

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/RegularOpCompaction.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/IRMapping.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Matchers.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/PatternMatch.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Value.h"
 #include "mlir/Support/LLVM.h"
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ enum class RegularStepKind {
 
 struct RegularStep {
   RegularStepKind kind;
-  int32_t weightIndex = 0;
+  Value weight;
   Value invariantOperand;
   Type resultType;
 };
@@ -73,15 +74,90 @@ static uint64_t getEndpointKey(uint32_t sourceCoreId, uint32_t targetCoreId) {
   return (static_cast<uint64_t>(sourceCoreId) << 32) | static_cast<uint64_t>(targetCoreId);
 }
 
-static void appendChannelAttrs(SmallVectorImpl<int64_t>& channelIds,
-                               SmallVectorImpl<int32_t>& sourceCoreIds,
-                               SmallVectorImpl<int32_t>& targetCoreIds,
-                               uint64_t channelId,
-                               uint32_t sourceCoreId,
-                               uint32_t targetCoreId) {
-  channelIds.push_back(static_cast<int64_t>(channelId));
-  sourceCoreIds.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(sourceCoreId));
-  targetCoreIds.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(targetCoreId));
+static FailureOr<int64_t> getConstantI64Value(Value value) {
+  APInt constantValue;
+  if (!matchPattern(value, m_ConstantInt(&constantValue)))
+    return failure();
+  return constantValue.getSExtValue();
+}
+
+static FailureOr<int32_t> getConstantI32Value(Value value) {
+  APInt constantValue;
+  if (!matchPattern(value, m_ConstantInt(&constantValue)))
+    return failure();
+  return static_cast<int32_t>(constantValue.getSExtValue());
+}
+
+static bool getScalarChannelMetadata(spatial::SpatChannelSendOp op,
+                                     uint64_t& channelId,
+                                     uint32_t& sourceCoreId,
+                                     uint32_t& targetCoreId) {
+  FailureOr<int64_t> constantChannelId = getConstantI64Value(op.getChannelId());
+  FailureOr<int32_t> constantSourceCoreId = getConstantI32Value(op.getSourceCoreId());
+  FailureOr<int32_t> constantTargetCoreId = getConstantI32Value(op.getTargetCoreId());
+  if (failed(constantChannelId) || failed(constantSourceCoreId) || failed(constantTargetCoreId))
+    return false;
+  channelId = static_cast<uint64_t>(*constantChannelId);
+  sourceCoreId = static_cast<uint32_t>(*constantSourceCoreId);
+  targetCoreId = static_cast<uint32_t>(*constantTargetCoreId);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool getScalarChannelMetadata(spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp op,
+                                     uint64_t& channelId,
+                                     uint32_t& sourceCoreId,
+                                     uint32_t& targetCoreId) {
+  FailureOr<int64_t> constantChannelId = getConstantI64Value(op.getChannelId());
+  FailureOr<int32_t> constantSourceCoreId = getConstantI32Value(op.getSourceCoreId());
+  FailureOr<int32_t> constantTargetCoreId = getConstantI32Value(op.getTargetCoreId());
+  if (failed(constantChannelId) || failed(constantSourceCoreId) || failed(constantTargetCoreId))
+    return false;
+  channelId = static_cast<uint64_t>(*constantChannelId);
+  sourceCoreId = static_cast<uint32_t>(*constantSourceCoreId);
+  targetCoreId = static_cast<uint32_t>(*constantTargetCoreId);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static SmallVector<Value> createIndexConstants(Operation* anchorOp, ArrayRef<int64_t> values, OperationFolder& folder) {
+  SmallVector<Value> constants;
+  constants.reserve(values.size());
+  for (int64_t value : values)
+    constants.push_back(getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(anchorOp, value, folder));
+  return constants;
+}
+
+static SmallVector<Value> createIndexConstants(Operation* anchorOp, ArrayRef<int32_t> values, OperationFolder& folder) {
+  SmallVector<Value> constants;
+  constants.reserve(values.size());
+  for (int32_t value : values)
+    constants.push_back(getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(anchorOp, value, folder));
+  return constants;
+}
+
+static SmallVector<Operation*> getScalarChannelMetadataDefs(Operation* channelOp, unsigned metadataOperandCount) {
+  SmallVector<Operation*> defs;
+  defs.reserve(metadataOperandCount);
+  for (unsigned operandIndex = 0; operandIndex < metadataOperandCount; ++operandIndex) {
+    Operation* def = channelOp->getOperand(operandIndex).getDefiningOp();
+    auto constantOp = dyn_cast_or_null<arith::ConstantOp>(def);
+    if (!constantOp || def->getBlock() != channelOp->getBlock())
+      continue;
+    defs.push_back(def);
+  }
+  llvm::sort(defs, [](Operation* lhs, Operation* rhs) { return lhs->isBeforeInBlock(rhs); });
+  return defs;
+}
+
+static void moveScalarChannelBundleBefore(Operation* channelOp, Operation* insertionPoint) {
+  for (Operation* metadataDef : getScalarChannelMetadataDefs(channelOp, /*metadataOperandCount=*/3))
+    metadataDef->moveBefore(insertionPoint);
+  channelOp->moveBefore(insertionPoint);
+}
+
+static void moveScalarChannelBundleBefore(Operation* channelOp, Block* block, Block::iterator insertionPoint) {
+  for (Operation* metadataDef : getScalarChannelMetadataDefs(channelOp, /*metadataOperandCount=*/3))
+    metadataDef->moveBefore(block, insertionPoint);
+  channelOp->moveBefore(block, insertionPoint);
 }
 
 static spatial::SpatConcatOp getContiguousConcatUse(ValueRange values, unsigned& startOperandIndex) {
@@ -196,7 +272,7 @@ static Value createPackedTensorForValues(ValueRange values, IRRewriter& rewriter
 }
 
 static bool areEquivalentRegularSteps(const RegularStep& lhs, const RegularStep& rhs) {
-  return lhs.kind == rhs.kind && lhs.weightIndex == rhs.weightIndex && lhs.invariantOperand == rhs.invariantOperand
+  return lhs.kind == rhs.kind && lhs.weight == rhs.weight && lhs.invariantOperand == rhs.invariantOperand
       && lhs.resultType == rhs.resultType;
 }
 
@@ -227,8 +303,7 @@ static FailureOr<RegularChunk> analyzeRegularChunk(spatial::SpatVMMOp startOp) {
   chunk.input = startOp.getInput();
   chunk.output = startOp.getOutput();
   chunk.ops.push_back(startOp.getOperation());
-  chunk.steps.push_back(
-    {RegularStepKind::Wvmm, static_cast<int32_t>(startOp.getWeightIndex()), Value(), startOp.getOutput().getType()});
+  chunk.steps.push_back({RegularStepKind::Wvmm, startOp.getWeight(), Value(), startOp.getOutput().getType()});
 
   Value currentValue = startOp.getOutput();
   while (currentValue.hasOneUse()) {
@@ -241,9 +316,9 @@ static FailureOr<RegularChunk> analyzeRegularChunk(spatial::SpatVMMOp startOp) {
       break;
 
     if (vaddOp.getLhs() == currentValue)
-      chunk.steps.push_back({RegularStepKind::VAddLhs, 0, vaddOp.getRhs(), vaddOp.getOutput().getType()});
+      chunk.steps.push_back({RegularStepKind::VAddLhs, Value(), vaddOp.getRhs(), vaddOp.getOutput().getType()});
     else if (vaddOp.getRhs() == currentValue)
-      chunk.steps.push_back({RegularStepKind::VAddRhs, 0, vaddOp.getLhs(), vaddOp.getOutput().getType()});
+      chunk.steps.push_back({RegularStepKind::VAddRhs, Value(), vaddOp.getLhs(), vaddOp.getOutput().getType()});
     else
       break;
 
@@ -255,7 +330,8 @@ static FailureOr<RegularChunk> analyzeRegularChunk(spatial::SpatVMMOp startOp) {
   return chunk;
 }
 
-static RegularCompactionResult compactRegularChunkRun(IRRewriter& rewriter, ArrayRef<RegularChunk> run) {
+static RegularCompactionResult
+compactRegularChunkRun(IRRewriter& rewriter, ArrayRef<RegularChunk> run, OperationFolder& constantFolder) {
   assert(!run.empty() && "expected a non-empty regular chunk run");
   const RegularChunk& anchorChunk = run.front();
   RegularCompactionResult result;
@@ -275,9 +351,9 @@ static RegularCompactionResult compactRegularChunkRun(IRRewriter& rewriter, Arra
   auto packedOutputType = getPackedTensorType(outputType, static_cast<int64_t>(run.size()));
   auto packedInit = tensor::EmptyOp::create(
     rewriter, anchorChunk.startOp->getLoc(), packedOutputType.getShape(), packedOutputType.getElementType());
-  auto zero = arith::ConstantIndexOp::create(rewriter, anchorChunk.startOp->getLoc(), 0);
-  auto upper = arith::ConstantIndexOp::create(rewriter, anchorChunk.startOp->getLoc(), run.size());
-  auto step = arith::ConstantIndexOp::create(rewriter, anchorChunk.startOp->getLoc(), 1);
+  auto zero = getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(anchorChunk.startOp, 0, constantFolder);
+  auto upper = getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(anchorChunk.startOp, static_cast<int64_t>(run.size()), constantFolder);
+  auto step = getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(anchorChunk.startOp, 1, constantFolder);
   auto loop =
     scf::ForOp::create(rewriter, anchorChunk.startOp->getLoc(), zero, upper, step, ValueRange {packedInit.getResult()});
 
@@ -290,8 +366,7 @@ static RegularCompactionResult compactRegularChunkRun(IRRewriter& rewriter, Arra
 
     Value inputRowOffset = iv;
     if (inputType.getDimSize(0) != 1) {
-      auto rowsPerValue =
-        arith::ConstantIndexOp::create(rewriter, anchorChunk.startOp->getLoc(), inputType.getDimSize(0));
+      auto rowsPerValue = getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(anchorChunk.startOp, inputType.getDimSize(0), constantFolder);
       inputRowOffset = arith::MulIOp::create(rewriter, anchorChunk.startOp->getLoc(), iv, rowsPerValue);
     }
 
@@ -320,8 +395,7 @@ static RegularCompactionResult compactRegularChunkRun(IRRewriter& rewriter, Arra
     Value mappedOutput = mapping.lookup(anchorChunk.output);
     Value outputRowOffset = iv;
     if (outputType.getDimSize(0) != 1) {
-      auto rowsPerValue =
-        arith::ConstantIndexOp::create(rewriter, anchorChunk.startOp->getLoc(), outputType.getDimSize(0));
+      auto rowsPerValue = getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(anchorChunk.startOp, outputType.getDimSize(0), constantFolder);
       outputRowOffset = arith::MulIOp::create(rewriter, anchorChunk.startOp->getLoc(), iv, rowsPerValue);
     }
 
@@ -389,35 +463,50 @@ void orderBilateralChannelOps(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
     Block& block = compute.getBody().front();
     SmallVector<std::pair<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp, Operation*>> moves;
     DenseMap<uint64_t, Operation*> firstForwardedSendByEndpoint;
+    Operation* firstForwardedSend = nullptr;
 
     for (Operation& op : block) {
       if (auto sendOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatChannelSendOp>(&op)) {
-        if (sendOp.getSourceCoreId() == static_cast<uint32_t>(coreId)
-            && isForwardedChannelPayload(sendOp.getInput(), block)) {
-          uint64_t key = getEndpointKey(sendOp.getSourceCoreId(), sendOp.getTargetCoreId());
+        uint64_t channelId = 0;
+        uint32_t sourceCoreId = 0;
+        uint32_t targetCoreId = 0;
+        if (getScalarChannelMetadata(sendOp, channelId, sourceCoreId, targetCoreId)
+            && sourceCoreId == static_cast<uint32_t>(coreId) && isForwardedChannelPayload(sendOp.getInput(), block)) {
+          if (!firstForwardedSend)
+            firstForwardedSend = sendOp.getOperation();
+          uint64_t key = getEndpointKey(sourceCoreId, targetCoreId);
           firstForwardedSendByEndpoint.try_emplace(key, sendOp.getOperation());
         }
         continue;
       }
 
       auto receiveOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp>(&op);
-      if (!receiveOp || receiveOp.getTargetCoreId() != static_cast<uint32_t>(coreId)
-          || receiveOp.getSourceCoreId() >= static_cast<uint32_t>(coreId)) {
+      uint64_t channelId = 0;
+      uint32_t sourceCoreId = 0;
+      uint32_t targetCoreId = 0;
+      if (!receiveOp || !getScalarChannelMetadata(receiveOp, channelId, sourceCoreId, targetCoreId)
+          || targetCoreId != static_cast<uint32_t>(coreId) || sourceCoreId >= static_cast<uint32_t>(coreId)) {
         continue;
       }
 
-      uint64_t key = getEndpointKey(static_cast<uint32_t>(coreId), receiveOp.getSourceCoreId());
+      uint64_t key = getEndpointKey(static_cast<uint32_t>(coreId), sourceCoreId);
       auto firstMatchingSend = firstForwardedSendByEndpoint.find(key);
       if (firstMatchingSend != firstForwardedSendByEndpoint.end())
         moves.push_back({receiveOp, firstMatchingSend->second});
+      else if (firstForwardedSend && firstForwardedSend->isBeforeInBlock(receiveOp))
+        moves.push_back({receiveOp, firstForwardedSend});
     }
 
     for (auto [receiveOp, insertionPoint] : moves)
-      receiveOp->moveBefore(insertionPoint);
+      moveScalarChannelBundleBefore(receiveOp, insertionPoint);
 
     for (auto it = block.begin(); it != block.end();) {
       auto receiveOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp>(&*it);
-      if (!receiveOp || receiveOp.getSourceCoreId() >= static_cast<uint32_t>(coreId)) {
+      uint64_t channelId = 0;
+      uint32_t sourceCoreId = 0;
+      uint32_t targetCoreId = 0;
+      if (!receiveOp || !getScalarChannelMetadata(receiveOp, channelId, sourceCoreId, targetCoreId)
+          || sourceCoreId >= static_cast<uint32_t>(coreId)) {
         ++it;
         continue;
       }
@@ -425,18 +514,32 @@ void orderBilateralChannelOps(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
       Type outputType = receiveOp.getOutput().getType();
       auto run = collectConsecutiveRun<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp>(
         it, block.end(), [&](spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp current) {
+          uint64_t currentChannelId = 0;
+          uint32_t currentSourceCoreId = 0;
+          uint32_t currentTargetCoreId = 0;
           return current.getOutput().getType() == outputType
-              && current.getSourceCoreId() < static_cast<uint32_t>(coreId);
+              && getScalarChannelMetadata(current, currentChannelId, currentSourceCoreId, currentTargetCoreId)
+              && currentSourceCoreId < static_cast<uint32_t>(coreId);
         });
 
       if (run.ops.size() > 1) {
         SmallVector<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp> sorted(run.ops);
         llvm::stable_sort(sorted, [](spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp lhs, spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp rhs) {
-          return lhs.getSourceCoreId() > rhs.getSourceCoreId();
+          uint64_t lhsChannelId = 0;
+          uint32_t lhsSourceCoreId = 0;
+          uint32_t lhsTargetCoreId = 0;
+          uint64_t rhsChannelId = 0;
+          uint32_t rhsSourceCoreId = 0;
+          uint32_t rhsTargetCoreId = 0;
+          bool lhsHasMetadata = getScalarChannelMetadata(lhs, lhsChannelId, lhsSourceCoreId, lhsTargetCoreId);
+          bool rhsHasMetadata = getScalarChannelMetadata(rhs, rhsChannelId, rhsSourceCoreId, rhsTargetCoreId);
+          if (!lhsHasMetadata || !rhsHasMetadata)
+            return false;
+          return lhsSourceCoreId > rhsSourceCoreId;
         });
         Block::iterator insertIt = run.end;
         for (auto op : sorted)
-          op->moveBefore(&block, insertIt);
+          moveScalarChannelBundleBefore(op, &block, insertIt);
       }
 
       it = run.end;
@@ -446,6 +549,7 @@ void orderBilateralChannelOps(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
 
 void compactScalarChannelRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp, int64_t& nextChannelId) {
   IRRewriter rewriter(funcOp.getContext());
+  OperationFolder constantFolder(funcOp.getContext());
 
   for (auto compute : funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatCompute>()) {
     Block& block = compute.getBody().front();
@@ -461,7 +565,14 @@ void compactScalarChannelRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp, int64_t& nextChannelId) {
         bool hasRepeatedEndpoint = false;
         DenseSet<uint64_t> seenEndpoints;
         for (auto op : run.ops) {
-          uint64_t endpointKey = getEndpointKey(op.getSourceCoreId(), op.getTargetCoreId());
+          uint64_t channelId = 0;
+          uint32_t sourceCoreId = 0;
+          uint32_t targetCoreId = 0;
+          if (!getScalarChannelMetadata(op, channelId, sourceCoreId, targetCoreId)) {
+            hasRepeatedEndpoint = true;
+            break;
+          }
+          uint64_t endpointKey = getEndpointKey(sourceCoreId, targetCoreId);
           if (!seenEndpoints.insert(endpointKey).second) {
             hasRepeatedEndpoint = true;
             break;
@@ -478,8 +589,20 @@ void compactScalarChannelRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp, int64_t& nextChannelId) {
           };
           SmallVector<ReceiveEntry> sortedEntries;
           sortedEntries.reserve(run.ops.size());
-          for (auto [originalIndex, op] : llvm::enumerate(run.ops))
-            sortedEntries.push_back({op, originalIndex, op.getSourceCoreId(), op.getTargetCoreId(), op.getChannelId()});
+          for (auto [originalIndex, op] : llvm::enumerate(run.ops)) {
+            uint64_t channelId = 0;
+            uint32_t sourceCoreId = 0;
+            uint32_t targetCoreId = 0;
+            if (!getScalarChannelMetadata(op, channelId, sourceCoreId, targetCoreId)) {
+              sortedEntries.clear();
+              break;
+            }
+            sortedEntries.push_back({op, originalIndex, sourceCoreId, targetCoreId, channelId});
+          }
+          if (sortedEntries.empty()) {
+            ++it;
+            continue;
+          }
 
           SmallVector<int64_t> channelIds;
           SmallVector<int32_t> sourceCoreIds;
@@ -488,8 +611,9 @@ void compactScalarChannelRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp, int64_t& nextChannelId) {
           sourceCoreIds.reserve(sortedEntries.size());
           targetCoreIds.reserve(sortedEntries.size());
           for (ReceiveEntry& entry : sortedEntries) {
-            appendChannelAttrs(
-              channelIds, sourceCoreIds, targetCoreIds, entry.channelId, entry.sourceCoreId, entry.targetCoreId);
+            channelIds.push_back(static_cast<int64_t>(entry.channelId));
+            sourceCoreIds.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(entry.sourceCoreId));
+            targetCoreIds.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(entry.targetCoreId));
           }
 
           auto rowType = cast<RankedTensorType>(run.ops.front().getOutput().getType());
@@ -506,13 +630,11 @@ void compactScalarChannelRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp, int64_t& nextChannelId) {
                      : RankedTensorType {};
           auto packedType = concatPackedType ? concatPackedType : fallbackPackedType;
           rewriter.setInsertionPoint(run.ops.front());
-          auto compactReceive =
-            spatial::SpatChannelReceiveTensorOp::create(rewriter,
-                                                        run.ops.front().getLoc(),
-                                                        packedType,
-                                                        rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(channelIds),
-                                                        rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(sourceCoreIds),
-                                                        rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(targetCoreIds));
+          SmallVector<Value> channelIdValues = createIndexConstants(run.ops.front(), channelIds, constantFolder);
+          SmallVector<Value> sourceCoreIdValues = createIndexConstants(run.ops.front(), sourceCoreIds, constantFolder);
+          SmallVector<Value> targetCoreIdValues = createIndexConstants(run.ops.front(), targetCoreIds, constantFolder);
+          auto compactReceive = spatial::SpatChannelReceiveTensorOp::create(
+            rewriter, run.ops.front().getLoc(), packedType, channelIdValues, sourceCoreIdValues, targetCoreIdValues);
           if (concatOp && concatPackedType) {
             replaceConcatRunWithPackedValue(concatOp,
                                             concatStartIndex,
@@ -551,8 +673,20 @@ void compactScalarChannelRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp, int64_t& nextChannelId) {
           };
           SmallVector<SendEntry> sortedEntries;
           sortedEntries.reserve(run.ops.size());
-          for (auto op : run.ops)
-            sortedEntries.push_back({op, op.getSourceCoreId(), op.getTargetCoreId(), op.getChannelId()});
+          for (auto op : run.ops) {
+            uint64_t channelId = 0;
+            uint32_t sourceCoreId = 0;
+            uint32_t targetCoreId = 0;
+            if (!getScalarChannelMetadata(op, channelId, sourceCoreId, targetCoreId)) {
+              sortedEntries.clear();
+              break;
+            }
+            sortedEntries.push_back({op, sourceCoreId, targetCoreId, channelId});
+          }
+          if (sortedEntries.empty()) {
+            ++it;
+            continue;
+          }
 
           SmallVector<int64_t> channelIds;
           SmallVector<int32_t> sourceCoreIds;
@@ -563,20 +697,20 @@ void compactScalarChannelRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp, int64_t& nextChannelId) {
           targetCoreIds.reserve(sortedEntries.size());
           inputs.reserve(sortedEntries.size());
           for (SendEntry& entry : sortedEntries) {
-            appendChannelAttrs(
-              channelIds, sourceCoreIds, targetCoreIds, entry.channelId, entry.sourceCoreId, entry.targetCoreId);
+            channelIds.push_back(static_cast<int64_t>(entry.channelId));
+            sourceCoreIds.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(entry.sourceCoreId));
+            targetCoreIds.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(entry.targetCoreId));
             inputs.push_back(entry.op.getInput());
           }
 
           rewriter.setInsertionPoint(run.ops.front());
           Value packedInput = createPackedTensorForValues(ValueRange(inputs), rewriter, run.ops.front().getLoc());
           if (packedInput) {
-            spatial::SpatChannelSendTensorOp::create(rewriter,
-                                                     run.ops.front().getLoc(),
-                                                     rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(channelIds),
-                                                     rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(sourceCoreIds),
-                                                     rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(targetCoreIds),
-                                                     packedInput);
+            SmallVector<Value> channelIdValues = createIndexConstants(run.ops.front(), channelIds, constantFolder);
+            SmallVector<Value> sourceCoreIdValues = createIndexConstants(run.ops.front(), sourceCoreIds, constantFolder);
+            SmallVector<Value> targetCoreIdValues = createIndexConstants(run.ops.front(), targetCoreIds, constantFolder);
+            spatial::SpatChannelSendTensorOp::create(
+              rewriter, run.ops.front().getLoc(), channelIdValues, sourceCoreIdValues, targetCoreIdValues, packedInput);
             for (auto op : run.ops)
               rewriter.eraseOp(op);
 
@@ -606,9 +740,9 @@ void compactBatchChannelRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
           });
 
         if (run.ops.size() > 1) {
-          SmallVector<int64_t> channelIds;
-          SmallVector<int32_t> sourceCoreIds;
-          SmallVector<int32_t> targetCoreIds;
+          SmallVector<Value> channelIds;
+          SmallVector<Value> sourceCoreIds;
+          SmallVector<Value> targetCoreIds;
           for (auto op : run.ops) {
             llvm::append_range(channelIds, op.getChannelIds());
             llvm::append_range(sourceCoreIds, op.getSourceCoreIds());
@@ -629,13 +763,8 @@ void compactBatchChannelRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
                      : RankedTensorType {};
           auto packedType = concatPackedType ? concatPackedType : fallbackPackedType;
           rewriter.setInsertionPoint(run.ops.front());
-          auto compactReceive =
-            spatial::SpatChannelReceiveTensorBatchOp::create(rewriter,
-                                                             run.ops.front().getLoc(),
-                                                             packedType,
-                                                             rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(channelIds),
-                                                             rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(sourceCoreIds),
-                                                             rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(targetCoreIds));
+          auto compactReceive = spatial::SpatChannelReceiveTensorBatchOp::create(
+            rewriter, run.ops.front().getLoc(), packedType, channelIds, sourceCoreIds, targetCoreIds);
           if (concatOp && concatPackedType) {
             replaceConcatRunWithPackedValue(
               concatOp, concatStartIndex, static_cast<unsigned>(outputs.size()), compactReceive.getOutput(), rewriter);
@@ -663,9 +792,9 @@ void compactBatchChannelRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
           });
 
         if (run.ops.size() > 1) {
-          SmallVector<int64_t> channelIds;
-          SmallVector<int32_t> sourceCoreIds;
-          SmallVector<int32_t> targetCoreIds;
+          SmallVector<Value> channelIds;
+          SmallVector<Value> sourceCoreIds;
+          SmallVector<Value> targetCoreIds;
           SmallVector<Value> inputs;
           inputs.reserve(run.ops.size());
           for (auto op : run.ops) {
@@ -678,12 +807,8 @@ void compactBatchChannelRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
           rewriter.setInsertionPoint(run.ops.front());
           Value packedInput = createPackedTensorForValues(ValueRange(inputs), rewriter, run.ops.front().getLoc());
           if (packedInput) {
-            spatial::SpatChannelSendTensorBatchOp::create(rewriter,
-                                                          run.ops.front().getLoc(),
-                                                          rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(channelIds),
-                                                          rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(sourceCoreIds),
-                                                          rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(targetCoreIds),
-                                                          packedInput);
+            spatial::SpatChannelSendTensorBatchOp::create(
+              rewriter, run.ops.front().getLoc(), channelIds, sourceCoreIds, targetCoreIds, packedInput);
             for (auto op : run.ops)
               rewriter.eraseOp(op);
 
@@ -700,6 +825,7 @@ void compactBatchChannelRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
 
 void compactRegularOpRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
   IRRewriter rewriter(funcOp.getContext());
+  OperationFolder constantFolder(funcOp.getContext());
 
   auto compactInBlock = [&](Block& block) {
     for (auto it = block.begin(); it != block.end();) {
@@ -740,7 +866,7 @@ void compactRegularOpRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
       for (const RegularChunk& chunk : run)
         originalOpCount += chunk.ops.size();
 
-      RegularCompactionResult result = compactRegularChunkRun(rewriter, run);
+      RegularCompactionResult result = compactRegularChunkRun(rewriter, run, constantFolder);
       if (result.changed) {
         assert(originalOpCount > anchorChunk->ops.size() && "successful regular compaction must consume the run");
         if (!result.resumeAfter) {
@@ -763,6 +889,7 @@ void compactRegularOpRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
 
 void compactRowWiseWvmmRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
   IRRewriter rewriter(funcOp.getContext());
+  OperationFolder constantFolder(funcOp.getContext());
 
   for (auto compute : funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatCompute>()) {
     Block& block = compute.getBody().front();
@@ -784,7 +911,7 @@ void compactRowWiseWvmmRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
 
       int64_t expectedRow = static_cast<int64_t>(rowResult.getResultNumber());
       auto run = collectConsecutiveRun<spatial::SpatVMMOp>(it, block.end(), [&](spatial::SpatVMMOp current) {
-        if (current.getWeightIndex() != wvmmOp.getWeightIndex()
+        if (current.getWeight() != wvmmOp.getWeight()
             || current.getInput().getDefiningOp<spatial::SpatExtractRowsOp>() != extractRowsOp
             || current.getInput().getType() != wvmmOp.getInput().getType()
             || current.getOutput().getType() != wvmmOp.getOutput().getType())
@@ -851,9 +978,9 @@ void compactRowWiseWvmmRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
       auto packedType = RankedTensorType::get({runLength, outputCols}, outputType.getElementType());
 
       rewriter.setInsertionPoint(run.ops.front());
-      auto zero = arith::ConstantIndexOp::create(rewriter, run.ops.front().getLoc(), 0);
-      auto upper = arith::ConstantIndexOp::create(rewriter, run.ops.front().getLoc(), runLength);
-      auto step = arith::ConstantIndexOp::create(rewriter, run.ops.front().getLoc(), 1);
+      auto zero = getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(run.ops.front(), 0, constantFolder);
+      auto upper = getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(run.ops.front(), runLength, constantFolder);
+      auto step = getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(run.ops.front(), 1, constantFolder);
       auto packedInit =
         tensor::EmptyOp::create(rewriter, run.ops.front().getLoc(), packedType.getShape(), packedType.getElementType());
       auto loop =
@@ -868,7 +995,7 @@ void compactRowWiseWvmmRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
 
         Value sourceRow = iv;
         if (firstRow != 0) {
-          auto firstRowValue = arith::ConstantIndexOp::create(rewriter, run.ops.front().getLoc(), firstRow);
+          auto firstRowValue = getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(run.ops.front(), firstRow, constantFolder);
           sourceRow = arith::AddIOp::create(rewriter, run.ops.front().getLoc(), iv, firstRowValue);
         }
 
@@ -883,7 +1010,7 @@ void compactRowWiseWvmmRuns(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
                                                            extractSizes,
                                                            extractStrides);
         auto loopWvmm = spatial::SpatVMMOp::create(
-          rewriter, run.ops.front().getLoc(), outputType, wvmmOp.getWeightIndex(), extractedRow.getResult());
+          rewriter, run.ops.front().getLoc(), outputType, wvmmOp.getWeight(), extractedRow.getResult());
 
         SmallVector<OpFoldResult> insertOffsets = {iv, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
         SmallVector<OpFoldResult> insertSizes = {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(outputCols)};

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/Scheduling/ComputeGraph.cpp

@@ -99,8 +99,7 @@ CrossbarUsage getComputeInstanceCrossbarUsage(const ComputeInstance &instance) {
   if (auto spatCompute = dyn_cast<SpatCompute>(instance.op))
     return getSpatComputeCrossbarUsage(spatCompute);
   auto batch = cast<SpatComputeBatch>(instance.op);
-  return checkedMultiply(getComputeBodyCrossbarUsage(batch.getBody()),
-                         static_cast<CrossbarUsage>(instance.laneCount));
+  return checkedMultiply(getComputeBodyCrossbarUsage(batch.getBody()), static_cast<CrossbarUsage>(instance.laneCount));
 }
 
 ComputeGraph buildComputeGraph(Operation* entryOp) {
@@ -114,7 +113,8 @@ ComputeGraph buildComputeGraph(Operation *entryOp) {
             continue;
           ComputeInstance instance {spatCompute.getOperation(), 0, 1};
           size_t index = graph.nodes.size();
-          graph.nodes.push_back({instance, getComputeInstanceWeight(instance), getComputeInstanceCrossbarUsage(instance), index});
+          graph.nodes.push_back(
+            {instance, getComputeInstanceWeight(instance), getComputeInstanceCrossbarUsage(instance), index});
           graph.instanceToIndex[instance] = index;
           continue;
         }
@@ -137,7 +137,19 @@ ComputeGraph buildComputeGraph(Operation *entryOp) {
   llvm::SmallVector<ComputeGraphEdge, 16> rawEdges;
   for (const auto& [targetIndex, node] : llvm::enumerate(graph.nodes)) {
     for (Value input : getComputeInstanceInputs(node.instance)) {
-      auto producerInstance = getComputeProducerInstance(input);
+      if (auto producerBatch = dyn_cast_or_null<SpatComputeBatch>(input.getDefiningOp());
+          producerBatch && producerBatch.getNumResults() != 0 && !isa<SpatComputeBatch>(node.instance.op)) {
+        for (uint32_t lane = 0; lane < static_cast<uint32_t>(producerBatch.getLaneCount()); ++lane) {
+          auto producerIt = graph.instanceToIndex.find(getBatchChunkForLane(producerBatch, lane));
+          if (producerIt == graph.instanceToIndex.end())
+            continue;
+          rawEdges.push_back(
+            {producerIt->second, targetIndex, static_cast<Weight>(getSizeInBytes(cast<ShapedType>(input.getType())))});
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      auto producerInstance = getComputeProducerInstance(input, &node.instance);
       if (!producerInstance)
         continue;
       auto producerIt = graph.instanceToIndex.find(*producerInstance);

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/Scheduling/ComputeInstanceUtils.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
 
 #include <limits>
+#include <optional>
 
 #include "ComputeInstanceUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Compiler/PimCompilerOptions.hpp"
@@ -18,40 +20,81 @@ size_t getSchedulingCpuBudget() {
 
 size_t getBatchChunkTargetCount(int32_t laneCount) {
   assert(laneCount > 0 && "laneCount must be positive");
-  return std::min(static_cast<size_t>(laneCount), std::max<size_t>(1, getSchedulingCpuBudget()));
+  return static_cast<size_t>(laneCount);
 }
 
 ComputeInstance getBatchChunkForIndex(SpatComputeBatch batch, size_t chunkIndex) {
-  size_t totalLanes = batch.getLaneCount();
-  size_t chunkCount = getBatchChunkTargetCount(batch.getLaneCount());
-  size_t baseChunkSize = totalLanes / chunkCount;
-  size_t largeChunkCount = totalLanes % chunkCount;
-
-  size_t laneStart = chunkIndex * baseChunkSize + std::min(chunkIndex, largeChunkCount);
-  size_t laneCount = baseChunkSize + (chunkIndex < largeChunkCount ? 1 : 0);
-  return {batch.getOperation(), static_cast<uint32_t>(laneStart), static_cast<uint32_t>(laneCount)};
+  assert(chunkIndex < static_cast<size_t>(batch.getLaneCount()) && "chunkIndex out of range");
+  return {batch.getOperation(), static_cast<uint32_t>(chunkIndex), 1};
 }
 
 ComputeInstance getBatchChunkForLane(SpatComputeBatch batch, uint32_t lane) {
-  size_t totalLanes = batch.getLaneCount();
-  size_t chunkCount = getBatchChunkTargetCount(batch.getLaneCount());
-  size_t baseChunkSize = totalLanes / chunkCount;
-  size_t largeChunkCount = totalLanes % chunkCount;
-  size_t largeChunkSpan = largeChunkCount * (baseChunkSize + 1);
-
-  size_t chunkIndex = 0;
-  if (static_cast<size_t>(lane) < largeChunkSpan)
-    chunkIndex = static_cast<size_t>(lane) / (baseChunkSize + 1);
-  else
-    chunkIndex = largeChunkCount + (static_cast<size_t>(lane) - largeChunkSpan) / baseChunkSize;
-  return getBatchChunkForIndex(batch, chunkIndex);
+  assert(lane < static_cast<uint32_t>(batch.getLaneCount()) && "lane out of range");
+  return {batch.getOperation(), lane, 1};
 }
 
-std::optional<ProducerValueRef> getProducerValueRef(Value value) {
+static std::optional<uint32_t> getConstantExtractLane(tensor::ExtractSliceOp extract) {
+  if (extract.getMixedOffsets().empty())
+    return std::nullopt;
+
+  OpFoldResult offset = extract.getMixedOffsets().front();
+  if (Attribute attr = llvm::dyn_cast<Attribute>(offset)) {
+    auto intAttr = dyn_cast<IntegerAttr>(attr);
+    if (!intAttr || intAttr.getInt() < 0)
+      return std::nullopt;
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(intAttr.getInt());
+  }
+
+  Value offsetValue = llvm::cast<Value>(offset);
+  if (auto constantIndex = offsetValue.getDefiningOp<arith::ConstantIndexOp>()) {
+    if (constantIndex.value() < 0)
+      return std::nullopt;
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(constantIndex.value());
+  }
+
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+static std::optional<ProducerValueRef> getResultfulBatchProducerValueRef(SpatComputeBatch batch,
+                                                                         const ComputeInstance* consumerInstance) {
+  if (!consumerInstance)
+    return std::nullopt;
+  if (!isa<SpatComputeBatch>(consumerInstance->op))
+    return std::nullopt;
+  if (consumerInstance->laneStart + consumerInstance->laneCount > static_cast<uint32_t>(batch.getLaneCount()))
+    return std::nullopt;
+  return ProducerValueRef {
+    {batch.getOperation(), consumerInstance->laneStart, consumerInstance->laneCount},
+    0
+  };
+}
+
+std::optional<ProducerValueRef> getProducerValueRef(Value value, const ComputeInstance* consumerInstance) {
   Operation* op = value.getDefiningOp();
   if (!op)
     return std::nullopt;
 
+  while (auto extract = dyn_cast<tensor::ExtractSliceOp>(op)) {
+    Value source = extract.getSource();
+    auto batch = dyn_cast_or_null<SpatComputeBatch>(source.getDefiningOp());
+    if (batch && batch.getNumResults() != 0) {
+      if (std::optional<uint32_t> lane = getConstantExtractLane(extract)) {
+        if (*lane >= static_cast<uint32_t>(batch.getLaneCount()))
+          return std::nullopt;
+        return ProducerValueRef {
+          {batch.getOperation(), *lane, 1},
+          0
+        };
+      }
+      return getResultfulBatchProducerValueRef(batch, consumerInstance);
+    }
+
+    value = source;
+    op = value.getDefiningOp();
+    if (!op)
+      return std::nullopt;
+  }
+
   if (auto compute = dyn_cast<SpatCompute>(op)) {
     return ProducerValueRef {
       ComputeInstance {compute.getOperation(), 0, 1},
@@ -60,6 +103,8 @@ std::optional<ProducerValueRef> getProducerValueRef(Value value) {
   }
 
   if (auto batch = dyn_cast<SpatComputeBatch>(op)) {
+    if (batch.getNumResults() != 0)
+      return getResultfulBatchProducerValueRef(batch, consumerInstance);
     uint32_t lane = cast<OpResult>(value).getResultNumber();
     ComputeInstance instance = getBatchChunkForLane(batch, lane);
     size_t resultIndex = lane - instance.laneStart;
@@ -69,8 +114,8 @@ std::optional<ProducerValueRef> getProducerValueRef(Value value) {
   return std::nullopt;
 }
 
-std::optional<ComputeInstance> getComputeProducerInstance(Value value) {
-  if (std::optional<ProducerValueRef> producer = getProducerValueRef(value))
+std::optional<ComputeInstance> getComputeProducerInstance(Value value, const ComputeInstance* consumerInstance) {
+  if (std::optional<ProducerValueRef> producer = getProducerValueRef(value, consumerInstance))
     return producer->instance;
   return std::nullopt;
 }
@@ -80,11 +125,18 @@ llvm::SmallVector<Value, 4> getComputeInstanceInputs(const ComputeInstance &inst
     return llvm::SmallVector<Value, 4>(compute.getInputs().begin(), compute.getInputs().end());
 
   auto batch = cast<SpatComputeBatch>(instance.op);
+  if (batch.getNumResults() != 0)
+    return llvm::SmallVector<Value, 4>(batch.getInputs().begin(), batch.getInputs().end());
+
+  assert(batch.getInputs().size() % static_cast<size_t>(batch.getLaneCount()) == 0
+         && "resultless compute_batch inputs must be evenly partitioned by lane");
+  size_t inputsPerLane = batch.getInputs().size() / static_cast<size_t>(batch.getLaneCount());
   llvm::SmallVector<Value, 4> inputs;
-  inputs.reserve(instance.laneCount);
-  for (uint32_t lane = instance.laneStart; lane < instance.laneStart + instance.laneCount; ++lane)
-    if (!batch.getInputs().empty())
-      inputs.push_back(batch.getInputs()[lane]);
+  inputs.reserve(instance.laneCount * inputsPerLane);
+  for (uint32_t lane = instance.laneStart; lane < instance.laneStart + instance.laneCount; ++lane) {
+    size_t firstInput = static_cast<size_t>(lane) * inputsPerLane;
+    inputs.append(batch.getInputs().begin() + firstInput, batch.getInputs().begin() + firstInput + inputsPerLane);
+  }
   return inputs;
 }
 
@@ -93,10 +145,18 @@ llvm::SmallVector<Value, 4> getComputeInstanceWeights(const ComputeInstance &ins
     return llvm::SmallVector<Value, 4>(compute.getWeights().begin(), compute.getWeights().end());
 
   auto batch = cast<SpatComputeBatch>(instance.op);
+  if (batch.getNumResults() != 0)
+    return llvm::SmallVector<Value, 4>(batch.getWeights().begin(), batch.getWeights().end());
+
+  assert(batch.getWeights().size() % static_cast<size_t>(batch.getLaneCount()) == 0
+         && "resultless compute_batch weights must be evenly partitioned by lane");
+  size_t weightsPerLane = batch.getWeights().size() / static_cast<size_t>(batch.getLaneCount());
   llvm::SmallVector<Value, 4> weights;
-  weights.reserve(instance.laneCount);
-  for (uint32_t lane = instance.laneStart; lane < instance.laneStart + instance.laneCount; ++lane)
-    weights.push_back(batch.getWeights()[lane]);
+  weights.reserve(instance.laneCount * weightsPerLane);
+  for (uint32_t lane = instance.laneStart; lane < instance.laneStart + instance.laneCount; ++lane) {
+    size_t firstWeight = static_cast<size_t>(lane) * weightsPerLane;
+    weights.append(batch.getWeights().begin() + firstWeight, batch.getWeights().begin() + firstWeight + weightsPerLane);
+  }
   return weights;
 }
 
@@ -105,6 +165,9 @@ llvm::SmallVector<Value, 4> getComputeInstanceOutputValues(const ComputeInstance
     return llvm::SmallVector<Value, 4>(compute.getResults().begin(), compute.getResults().end());
 
   auto batch = cast<SpatComputeBatch>(instance.op);
+  if (batch.getNumResults() != 0)
+    return llvm::SmallVector<Value, 4>(batch.getResults().begin(), batch.getResults().end());
+
   llvm::SmallVector<Value, 4> outputs;
   outputs.reserve(instance.laneCount);
   for (uint32_t lane = instance.laneStart; lane < instance.laneStart + instance.laneCount; ++lane)

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/Scheduling/ComputeInstanceUtils.hpp

@@ -26,8 +26,10 @@ size_t getBatchChunkTargetCount(int32_t laneCount);
 ComputeInstance getBatchChunkForIndex(SpatComputeBatch batch, size_t chunkIndex);
 ComputeInstance getBatchChunkForLane(SpatComputeBatch batch, uint32_t lane);
 
-std::optional<ProducerValueRef> getProducerValueRef(mlir::Value value);
-std::optional<ComputeInstance> getComputeProducerInstance(mlir::Value value);
+std::optional<ProducerValueRef> getProducerValueRef(mlir::Value value,
+                                                    const ComputeInstance *consumerInstance = nullptr);
+std::optional<ComputeInstance> getComputeProducerInstance(mlir::Value value,
+                                                          const ComputeInstance *consumerInstance = nullptr);
 
 llvm::SmallVector<mlir::Value, 4> getComputeInstanceInputs(const ComputeInstance &instance);
 llvm::SmallVector<mlir::Value, 4> getComputeInstanceWeights(const ComputeInstance &instance);

src/PIM/Pass/PimCodegen/HostConstantFolding/Patterns/Subview.cpp

@@ -268,24 +268,31 @@ struct RewriteHostSubviewLoadPattern final : OpRewritePattern<pim::PimMemCopyHos
   using OpRewritePattern::OpRewritePattern;
 
   LogicalResult matchAndRewrite(pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp copyOp, PatternRewriter& rewriter) const override {
+    auto dstOffset = resolveIndexValue(copyOp.getDeviceTargetOffset());
+    auto srcOffset = resolveIndexValue(copyOp.getHostSourceOffset());
+    if (failed(dstOffset) || failed(srcOffset))
+      return failure();
+
     auto status = rewriteSubviewCopyLikeOp(
       copyOp,
       copyOp.getDeviceTarget(),
       copyOp.getHostSource(),
-      copyOp.getDeviceTargetOffset(),
-      copyOp.getHostSourceOffset(),
+      *dstOffset,
+      *srcOffset,
       copyOp.getSize(),
       /*allowLoopRewrite=*/true,
       rewriter,
       [&](
         MemRefType resultType, Value dst, Value src, int64_t dstByteOffset, int64_t srcByteOffset, int64_t sliceBytes) {
+        Value dstOffsetValue = arith::ConstantIndexOp::create(rewriter, copyOp.getLoc(), dstByteOffset);
+        Value srcOffsetValue = arith::ConstantIndexOp::create(rewriter, copyOp.getLoc(), srcByteOffset);
         pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(rewriter,
                                            copyOp.getLoc(),
                                            resultType,
+                                           dstOffsetValue,
+                                           srcOffsetValue,
                                            dst,
                                            src,
-                                           rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(dstByteOffset)),
-                                           rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(srcByteOffset)),
                                            rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(sliceBytes)));
       });
     if (failed(status))
@@ -301,24 +308,31 @@ struct RewriteHostSubviewStorePattern final : OpRewritePattern<pim::PimMemCopyDe
   using OpRewritePattern::OpRewritePattern;
 
   LogicalResult matchAndRewrite(pim::PimMemCopyDevToHostOp copyOp, PatternRewriter& rewriter) const override {
+    auto dstOffset = resolveIndexValue(copyOp.getHostTargetOffset());
+    auto srcOffset = resolveIndexValue(copyOp.getDeviceSourceOffset());
+    if (failed(dstOffset) || failed(srcOffset))
+      return failure();
+
     auto status = rewriteSubviewCopyLikeOp(
       copyOp,
       copyOp.getHostTarget(),
       copyOp.getDeviceSource(),
-      copyOp.getHostTargetOffset(),
-      copyOp.getDeviceSourceOffset(),
+      *dstOffset,
+      *srcOffset,
       copyOp.getSize(),
       /*allowLoopRewrite=*/false,
       rewriter,
       [&](
         MemRefType resultType, Value dst, Value src, int64_t dstByteOffset, int64_t srcByteOffset, int64_t sliceBytes) {
+        Value dstOffset = arith::ConstantIndexOp::create(rewriter, copyOp.getLoc(), dstByteOffset);
+        Value srcOffset = arith::ConstantIndexOp::create(rewriter, copyOp.getLoc(), srcByteOffset);
         pim::PimMemCopyDevToHostOp::create(rewriter,
                                            copyOp.getLoc(),
                                            resultType,
+                                           dstOffset,
+                                           srcOffset,
                                            dst,
                                            src,
-                                           rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(dstByteOffset)),
-                                           rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(srcByteOffset)),
                                            rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(sliceBytes)));
       });
     if (failed(status))
@@ -355,9 +369,7 @@ struct FoldConstantCoreSubviewPattern final : OpRewritePattern<memref::SubViewOp
     if (failed(staticOffsets))
       return failure();
 
-    auto elementType = cast<MemRefType>(subviewOp.getType()).getElementType();
-    auto resultMemRefType =
-      MemRefType::get(SmallVector<int64_t>(subviewInfo->sizes.begin(), subviewInfo->sizes.end()), elementType);
+    auto resultMemRefType = cast<MemRefType>(subviewOp.getType());
     auto foldedAttr = foldDenseSubview(*denseAttr, *staticOffsets, resultMemRefType.getShape());
     if (failed(foldedAttr))
       return failure();

src/PIM/Pass/PimCodegen/MaterializeHostConstantsPass.cpp

@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ namespace {
 
 static bool isExplicitHostOperand(Operation* op, unsigned operandIndex) {
   if (isa<pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp>(op))
-    return operandIndex == 1;
+    return operandIndex == 3;
   if (isa<pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevBatchOp>(op))
     return operandIndex == 1;
   if (isa<pim::PimMemCopyDevToHostOp>(op))
-    return operandIndex == 0;
+    return operandIndex == 2;
   return false;
 }
 
@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@ static int64_t getValueSizeInBytes(Value value) {
 }
 
 template <typename CoreOpTy>
-static void materializeHostConstantsInCore(CoreOpTy coreOp, IRRewriter& rewriter, bool& hasFailure) {
+static void materializeHostConstantsInCore(CoreOpTy coreOp,
+                                           IRRewriter& rewriter,
+                                           OperationFolder& constantFolder,
+                                           bool& hasFailure) {
   DenseMap<Value, DenseMap<int64_t, DenseMap<Type, Value>>> materializedValues;
   SmallVector<Operation*> ops;
   coreOp.getBody().front().walk([&](Operation* op) {
@@ -48,6 +51,9 @@ static void materializeHostConstantsInCore(CoreOpTy coreOp, IRRewriter& rewriter
   });
 
   for (Operation* op : ops) {
+    if (auto loadOp = dyn_cast<memref::LoadOp>(op); loadOp && loadOp.getType().isIndex())
+      continue;
+
     for (OpOperand& operand : op->getOpOperands()) {
       Value originalValue = operand.get();
       if (!isa<BaseMemRefType>(originalValue.getType()) || isExplicitHostOperand(op, operand.getOperandNumber()))
@@ -105,14 +111,15 @@ static void materializeHostConstantsInCore(CoreOpTy coreOp, IRRewriter& rewriter
                         .getOutput();
       }
       else {
-        copiedValue = pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(
+        copiedValue =
+          pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(
             rewriter,
             op->getLoc(),
             originalType,
+            getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(op, 0, constantFolder),
+            getOrCreateHostIndexConstant(op, static_cast<int64_t>(resolvedAddress->byteOffset), constantFolder),
             deviceDst,
             getGlobalOp.getResult(),
-                        rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(0),
-                        rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(resolvedAddress->byteOffset)),
             rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(totalBytes)))
             .getOutput();
       }
@@ -134,6 +141,7 @@ struct MaterializeHostConstantsPass : PassWrapper<MaterializeHostConstantsPass,
   void runOnOperation() override {
     ModuleOp moduleOp = getOperation();
     IRRewriter rewriter(moduleOp.getContext());
+    OperationFolder constantFolder(moduleOp.getContext());
     bool hasFailure = false;
 
     for (func::FuncOp funcOp : moduleOp.getOps<func::FuncOp>()) {
@@ -141,10 +149,10 @@ struct MaterializeHostConstantsPass : PassWrapper<MaterializeHostConstantsPass,
         continue;
 
       for (pim::PimCoreOp coreOp : funcOp.getOps<pim::PimCoreOp>())
-        materializeHostConstantsInCore(coreOp, rewriter, hasFailure);
+        materializeHostConstantsInCore(coreOp, rewriter, constantFolder, hasFailure);
 
       for (pim::PimCoreBatchOp coreBatchOp : funcOp.getOps<pim::PimCoreBatchOp>())
-        materializeHostConstantsInCore(coreBatchOp, rewriter, hasFailure);
+        materializeHostConstantsInCore(coreBatchOp, rewriter, constantFolder, hasFailure);
 
       SmallVector<Operation*> hostCompactOps;
       for (Operation& op : funcOp.getBody().front())

src/PIM/Pass/PimCodegen/VerificationPass.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/SubviewUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Compiler/PimBatchEmission.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/Diagnostics.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
@@ -119,11 +120,27 @@ static bool isConstantGlobalView(Value value) {
 
 static bool isExplicitHostOperand(Operation* op, unsigned operandIndex) {
   if (isa<pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp>(op))
-    return operandIndex == 1;
+    return operandIndex == 3;
   if (isa<pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevBatchOp>(op))
     return operandIndex == 1;
   if (isa<pim::PimMemCopyDevToHostOp>(op))
-    return operandIndex == 0;
+    return operandIndex == 2;
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool isCoreWeightBlockArgument(Value value) {
+  auto blockArgument = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(value);
+  if (!blockArgument)
+    return false;
+
+  if (auto coreOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimCoreOp>(blockArgument.getOwner()->getParentOp()))
+    return static_cast<unsigned>(blockArgument.getArgNumber()) < coreOp.getWeights().size();
+
+  if (auto coreBatchOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimCoreBatchOp>(blockArgument.getOwner()->getParentOp())) {
+    unsigned argNumber = static_cast<unsigned>(blockArgument.getArgNumber());
+    return argNumber > 0 && argNumber <= coreBatchOp.getWeights().size();
+  }
+
   return false;
 }
 
@@ -193,7 +210,9 @@ struct VerificationPass : PassWrapper<VerificationPass, OperationPass<ModuleOp>>
 
         if (auto coreBatchOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimCoreBatchOp>(&op)) {
           (void) verifyCoreWeights(moduleOp, coreBatchOp, diagnostics);
-          (void) verifyCoreOperands(coreBatchOp, diagnostics);
+          for (unsigned lane = 0; lane < static_cast<unsigned>(coreBatchOp.getLaneCount()); ++lane)
+            (void) withScalarCoreFromBatchLane(
+              coreBatchOp, lane, [&](pim::PimCoreOp scalarCore) { return verifyCoreOperands(scalarCore, diagnostics); });
           continue;
         }
 
@@ -297,6 +316,9 @@ private:
           if (!isa<BaseMemRefType>(operand.getType()))
             continue;
 
+          if (isCoreWeightBlockArgument(operand))
+            continue;
+
           auto resolvedAddress = resolveContiguousAddress(operand, knowledge);
           if (failed(resolvedAddress)) {
             diagnostics.report(&op, [&](Operation* illegalOp) {
@@ -327,6 +349,26 @@ private:
             hasFailure = true;
           }
         }
+
+        if (auto storeOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimMemCopyDevToHostOp>(op)) {
+          if (failed(resolveIndexValue(storeOp.getHostTargetOffset(), knowledge))
+              || failed(resolveIndexValue(storeOp.getDeviceSourceOffset(), knowledge))) {
+            diagnostics.report(&op, [](Operation* illegalOp) {
+              illegalOp->emitOpError("offset operands must be statically evaluable for PIM codegen");
+            });
+            hasFailure = true;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (auto loadOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp>(op)) {
+          if (failed(resolveIndexValue(loadOp.getDeviceTargetOffset(), knowledge))
+              || failed(resolveIndexValue(loadOp.getHostSourceOffset(), knowledge))) {
+            diagnostics.report(&op, [](Operation* illegalOp) {
+              illegalOp->emitOpError("offset operands must be statically evaluable for PIM codegen");
+            });
+            hasFailure = true;
+          }
+        }
         return success(!hasFailure);
       });
   }

validation/validate.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def main():
                     help="Core count to pass to Raptor. Required for PIM validation.")
     ap.add_argument("--pim-merge-scheduler", choices=("peft", "dcp"), default="peft",
                     help="Scheduler used by the Spatial merge-compute-nodes pass.")
-    ap.add_argument("--command-timeout-seconds", type=float, default=6000000000000000.0,
+    ap.add_argument("--command-timeout-seconds", type=float, default=1000000.0,
                     help="Per-subprocess timeout in seconds for compiler, runner, and simulator commands.")
     ap.add_argument("--clean", action="store_true",
                     help="Remove generated validation artifacts under each model workspace and exit.")