Cose belle

.serena/project.yml

@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-# the name by which the project can be referenced within Serena
-project_name: raptor
-
-# list of languages for which language servers are started; choose from:
-#   al                  angular             ansible             bash                clojure
-#   cpp                 cpp_ccls            crystal             csharp              csharp_omnisharp
-#   dart                elixir              elm                 erlang              fortran
-#   fsharp              go                  groovy              haskell             haxe
-#   hlsl                html                java                json                julia
-#   kotlin              lean4               lua                 luau                markdown
-#   matlab              msl                 nix                 ocaml               pascal
-#   perl                php                 php_phpactor        powershell          python
-#   python_jedi         python_ty           r                   rego                ruby
-#   ruby_solargraph     rust                scala               scss                solidity
-#   svelte              swift               systemverilog       terraform           toml
-#   typescript          typescript_vts      vue                 yaml                zig
-#   (This list may be outdated. For the current list, see values of Language enum here:
-#   https://github.com/oraios/serena/blob/main/src/solidlsp/ls_config.py
-#   For some languages, there are alternative language servers, e.g. csharp_omnisharp, ruby_solargraph.)
-# Note:
-#   - For C, use cpp
-#   - For JavaScript, use typescript
-#   - For Angular projects, use angular (subsumes typescript+html; requires `npm install` in the project root)
-#   - For Svelte projects, use svelte (subsumes typescript/javascript for .svelte projects; requires npm)
-#   - For SCSS / Sass / plain CSS, use scss (some-sass-language-server handles all three)
-#   - For Free Pascal/Lazarus, use pascal
-# Special requirements:
-#   Some languages require additional setup/installations.
-#   See here for details: https://oraios.github.io/serena/01-about/020_programming-languages.html#language-servers
-# When using multiple languages, the first language server that supports a given file will be used for that file.
-# The first language is the default language and the respective language server will be used as a fallback.
-# Note that when using the JetBrains backend, language servers are not used and this list is correspondingly ignored.
-languages:
-- cpp
-- rust
-- python
-
-# the encoding used by text files in the project
-# For a list of possible encodings, see https://docs.python.org/3.11/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings
-encoding: utf-8
-
-# list of additional paths to ignore in this project.
-# Same syntax as gitignore, so you can use * and **.
-# Note: global ignored_paths from serena_config.yml are also applied additively.
-ignored_paths:
-
-# list of mode names that are to be activated by default, overriding the setting in the global configuration.
-# The full set of modes to be activated is base_modes (from global config) + default_modes + added_modes.
-# If the setting is undefined/empty, the default_modes from the global configuration (serena_config.yml) apply.
-# Otherwise, this overrides the setting from the global configuration (serena_config.yml).
-# Therefore, you can set this to [] if you do not want the default modes defined in the global config to apply
-# for this project.
-# This setting can, in turn, be overridden by CLI parameters (--mode).
-# See https://oraios.github.io/serena/02-usage/050_configuration.html#modes
-default_modes:
-
-# list of mode names to be activated additionally for this project, e.g. ["query-projects"]
-# The full set of modes to be activated is base_modes (from global config) + default_modes + added_modes.
-# See https://oraios.github.io/serena/02-usage/050_configuration.html#modes
-added_modes:
-
-# list of tool names to exclude.
-# This extends the existing exclusions (e.g. from the global configuration)
-# Find the list of tools here: https://oraios.github.io/serena/01-about/035_tools.html
-excluded_tools: []
-
-# list of tools to include that would otherwise be disabled (particularly optional tools that are disabled by default).
-# This extends the existing inclusions (e.g. from the global configuration).
-# Find the list of tools here: https://oraios.github.io/serena/01-about/035_tools.html
-included_optional_tools: []
-
-# fixed set of tools to use as the base tool set (if non-empty), replacing Serena's default set of tools.
-# This cannot be combined with non-empty excluded_tools or included_optional_tools.
-# Find the list of tools here: https://oraios.github.io/serena/01-about/035_tools.html
-fixed_tools: []
-
-# time budget (seconds) per tool call for the retrieval of additional symbol information
-# such as docstrings or parameter information.
-# This overrides the corresponding setting in the global configuration; see the documentation there.
-# If null or missing, use the setting from the global configuration.
-symbol_info_budget:
-
-# The language backend to use for this project.
-# If not set, the global setting from serena_config.yml is used.
-# Valid values: LSP, JetBrains
-# Note: the backend is fixed at startup. If a project with a different backend
-# is activated post-init, an error will be returned.
-language_backend:
-
-# line ending convention to use when writing source files.
-# Possible values: unset (use global setting), "lf", "crlf", or "native" (platform default)
-# This does not affect Serena's own files (e.g. memories and configuration files), which always use native line endings.
-line_ending:
-
-# list of regex patterns which, when matched, mark a memory entry as read‑only.
-# Extends the list from the global configuration, merging the two lists.
-read_only_memory_patterns: []
-
-# list of regex patterns for memories to completely ignore.
-# Matching memories will not appear in list_memories or activate_project output
-# and cannot be accessed via read_memory or write_memory.
-# To access ignored memory files, use the read_file tool on the raw file path.
-# Extends the list from the global configuration, merging the two lists.
-# Example: ["_archive/.*", "_episodes/.*"]
-ignored_memory_patterns: []
-
-# advanced configuration option allowing to configure language server-specific options.
-# Maps the language key to the options.
-# Have a look at the docstring of the constructors of the LS implementations within solidlsp (e.g., for C# or PHP) to see which options are available.
-# No documentation on options means no options are available.
-ls_specific_settings: {}
-
-# list of additional workspace folder paths for cross-package reference support (e.g. in monorepos).
-# Paths can be absolute or relative to the project root.
-# Each folder is registered as an LSP workspace folder, enabling language servers to discover
-# symbols and references across package boundaries.
-# Currently supported for: TypeScript.
-# Example:
-#   additional_workspace_folders:
-#     - ../sibling-package
-#     - ../shared-lib
-additional_workspace_folders: []
-
-# whether the project is in read-only mode
-# If set to true, all editing tools will be disabled and attempts to use them will result in an error
-# Added on 2025-04-18
-read_only: false
-
-# whether to use project's .gitignore files to ignore files
-ignore_all_files_in_gitignore: true
-
-# initial prompt for the project. It will always be given to the LLM upon activating the project
-# (contrary to the memories, which are loaded on demand).
-initial_prompt: ''

AGENTS.md

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 * Always read the full README.md before doing anything
+* Always read the full invariants/GRAPH_COMPUTE_BATCH_INVARIANT.md before modifying Spatial graph IR, Blueprint handling, or MergeComputeNodes.
 * Build commands:
   * `cmake --build ./build_release`
   * `cmake --build ./build_debug`
@@ -6,6 +7,7 @@
 * Always try the release build first before building with the debug version
 * Use the debug build only when it is useful to obtain a clear stack trace with symbols, inspect names, place breakpoints, or test a small case interactively
 * The debug build is very slow, so use it only on small fast tests such as operation validations, not on network validations
+* Always prepend rtk to shell commands if missing and if rtk is available
 
 # Core engineering philosophy
 

README.md

@@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ Pass these to `onnx-mlir` when compiling for PIM:
   the codegen tail.
 - `--pim-emit-json` - also emit `core_*.json` instruction files alongside
   `core_*.pim`.
+- `--pim-export-spatial-dataflow=<none|spatial1|spatial2|spatial3|all>` - control Spatial
+  dataflow CSV reports. The default `all` emits graph, scheduled, and realized
+  snapshots under `reports/`.
 - `--use-experimental-conv-impl` - use the alternate convolution lowering.
 - `--ignore-concat-error` - soft-fail a ConcatOp corner case.
 
@@ -167,7 +170,8 @@ Each validation run writes artifacts in the model workspace, for example under
 - `simulation/out.bin` - raw simulator output used for comparison.
 
 The compiler currently dumps dialect snapshots such as `spatial0.mlir`,
-`spatial1_dcp_merged.mlir`, `pim0.mlir`, `pim1_buff.mlir`,
+`spatial1_graph.mlir`, `spatial2_scheduled_no_comm.mlir`,
+`spatial3_scheduled.mlir`, `pim0.mlir`, `pim1_buff.mlir`,
 `pim2_coalesced.mlir`, and `pim3_folded.mlir` when an output directory is
 available.
 

invariants/GRAPH_COMPUTE_BATCH_INVARIANT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+# Graph Compute Batch Physical-Fragment Invariant
+
+## Status
+
+This document is **normative** for Raptor's Spatial graph IR.
+
+Every developer or coding agent modifying Spatial graph construction, graph
+verification, Blueprint handling, or `MergeComputeNodes` must read this file
+after `README.md` and `AGENTS.md`.
+
+`AGENTS.md` must contain this instruction:
+
+```text
+* Always read the full invariants/GRAPH_COMPUTE_BATCH_INVARIANT.md before modifying Spatial graph IR, Blueprint handling, or MergeComputeNodes.
+```
+
+## Scope
+
+This invariant applies to:
+
+- `spat.graph_compute_batch`;
+- graph-level values produced by it;
+- `tensor.parallel_insert_slice` operations that publish its lane results;
+- `spat.blueprint` operations that describe logical reconstruction;
+- graph analyses and transformations that consume those values;
+- the graph-to-scheduled transition in `MergeComputeNodes`.
+
+It does **not** impose the same representation on:
+
+- `spat.scheduled_compute`;
+- `spat.scheduled_compute_batch`;
+- `pim.core` or `pim.core_batch`;
+- values whose cross-core movement is already represented by explicit
+  `spat.channel_send` and `spat.channel_receive` operations.
+
+Scheduled IR represents execution on assigned cores. Communication and value
+availability there are defined by local SSA forwarding and explicit
+send/receive operations, not by the graph physical-fragment invariant.
+
+## Core invariant
+
+For every result of a `spat.graph_compute_batch` with `N` graph lanes:
+
+1. Every graph lane produces exactly one fragment for that result.
+2. All lanes produce fragments with the same exact ranked tensor type `F`.
+3. The graph result is a physical collection of those fragments with type:
+
+   ```text
+   tensor<N x shape(F) x element-type(F)>
+   ```
+
+   Conceptually, the result is `N × F`: one leading physical fragment-slot
+   dimension followed by the complete per-lane fragment shape.
+4. Physical slot `i` identifies a fragment publication. It does not, by itself,
+   identify a row, column, channel, tile, or any other logical tensor position.
+5. The result type carries no logical reconstruction order.
+
+The leading dimension is therefore a **physical fragment-slot dimension**, not
+a logical tensor dimension.
+
+## Per-lane computation is unrestricted
+
+The invariant constrains the published result representation, not what a lane
+may compute.
+
+A graph lane may:
+
+- read several input slices;
+- perform reductions;
+- add or combine multiple columns;
+- execute matrix/vector operations;
+- produce a fragment that corresponds to any logical region;
+- participate in a multi-stage or logarithmic reduction tree implemented by
+  following `spat.graph_compute` or `spat.graph_compute_batch` operations.
+
+Arithmetic combination is graph computation. `spat.blueprint` is not an
+arithmetic reduction operation.
+
+### Example: `16×4 -> 16×2`
+
+Two graph lanes may compute:
+
+```text
+lane 0: input[:, 0] + input[:, 1] -> tensor<16x1>
+lane 1: input[:, 2] + input[:, 3] -> tensor<16x1>
+```
+
+The physical graph result is:
+
+```text
+tensor<2x16x1>
+```
+
+A Blueprint then maps:
+
+```text
+physical slot 0 -> logical output[:, 0:1]
+physical slot 1 -> logical output[:, 1:2]
+```
+
+and describes the logical result `tensor<16x2>`.
+
+For a larger reduction, following graph compute batches may reduce fragments in
+`ceil(log2(N))` stages. Every intermediate batch still publishes a physical
+`batch × fragment` collection.
+
+## Physical publication inside `spat.graph_compute_batch`
+
+The batch body must publish each lane's fragment into the physical result.
+
+For one result with fragment type `F`, the corresponding
+`tensor.parallel_insert_slice` must insert the fragment into one slot of the
+physical `N × F` destination:
+
+```text
+physical offsets = [slot, 0, 0, ...]
+physical sizes   = [1, shape(F)...]
+physical strides = [1, 1, 1, ...]
+```
+
+The slot may be the graph lane directly or a statically analyzable permutation
+of it. The insertion describes physical slot placement only. It must not use a
+logical output dimension as the physical batch dimension.
+
+For each graph result, the body must contain exactly one physical publication
+per graph lane. Since the body executes once per lane, this normally means one
+`tensor.parallel_insert_slice` operation targeting that result.
+
+## Logical reconstruction
+
+Logical reconstruction is separate from physical publication.
+
+The reconstruction descriptor defines, for every physical fragment slot:
+
+- which physical batch operand owns the fragment;
+- which physical slot contains it;
+- its destination offsets in the logical tensor;
+- its destination sizes;
+- its destination strides;
+- coverage and conflict policy where relevant.
+
+The persistent owner of this information is `spat.blueprint` or an equivalent
+explicit graph-level reconstruction operation.
+
+A logical consumer must not infer reconstruction from the physical tensor type
+or assume that physical slot order equals logical order.
+
+The logical mapping may be arbitrary. For example:
+
+```text
+physical slot 0 -> logical row 13
+physical slot 1 -> logical row 4
+physical slot 2 -> logical row 10
+```
+
+The physical result remains a regular `batch × fragment` tensor.
+
+## Relationship between `parallel_insert_slice` and Blueprint
+
+During graph construction, an algorithm may naturally describe logical
+placement with `tensor.parallel_insert_slice` geometry. Before the graph is in
+its canonical form:
+
+1. that geometry must be separated from physical fragment publication;
+2. the graph batch result must be normalized to `N × F`;
+3. the logical insertion geometry must be transferred to a persistent
+   `spat.blueprint` reconstruction descriptor.
+
+After normalization:
+
+- `parallel_insert_slice` inside `spat.graph_compute_batch` publishes into
+  physical fragment slots;
+- `spat.blueprint` describes reconstruction into the logical tensor.
+
+The original graph operation may be erased only after all reconstruction
+information needed by later stages has a persistent owner.
+
+## Blueprint semantics
+
+Blueprint is placement/reconstruction metadata. It may:
+
+- concatenate fragments;
+- reorder fragments;
+- insert fragments into arbitrary disjoint logical regions;
+- describe complete or partial logical coverage;
+- expose a logical tensor view when materialization is required.
+
+Blueprint must not silently perform arithmetic such as addition, multiplication,
+maximum, or reduction. Such transformations must be represented by following
+`spat.graph_compute` or `spat.graph_compute_batch` operations.
+
+A Blueprint consuming a physical fragment batch must explicitly identify the
+physical source slot for every logical fragment. It must not derive that slot
+from operand order unless that convention is explicitly represented and
+verified.
+
+## Multiple results
+
+A `spat.graph_compute_batch` may have several results.
+
+For each result `r` independently:
+
+- every lane produces one fragment of type `F_r`;
+- the graph result type is `N × F_r`;
+- its physical publication and logical reconstruction descriptor are verified
+  independently.
+
+Different results may use different fragment shapes.
+
+## Graph consumers
+
+A graph consumer of a batch result may:
+
+1. consume fragments directly as physical fragments;
+2. select one or more physical slots in a `spat.deferred_communication` body;
+3. use a Blueprint to obtain or describe a logical reconstruction;
+4. feed fragments to following graph computes or graph compute batches.
+
+A consumer must not treat the leading physical slot dimension as a logical
+model dimension unless an explicit graph operation intentionally performs such
+an interpretation.
+
+All constant selection, slicing, reshaping, concatenation, and other
+compile-time shaping needed for a scheduled consumer must be encoded inside the
+corresponding `spat.deferred_communication` body. Phase 2 must not recover
+missing graph semantics by inspecting consumers after the deferred operation.
+
+## Graph lane, scheduled lane, and physical core are different identities
+
+These concepts must never be conflated:
+
+- **graph lane**: the lane of the original `spat.graph_compute_batch`;
+- **physical fragment slot**: the slot in the graph batch result;
+- **scheduled lane**: one lane of a `spat.scheduled_compute_batch` equivalence
+  class;
+- **physical core**: the core selected by PEFT.
+
+The graph batch body or its Blueprint defines graph-lane-to-fragment-slot and
+fragment-slot-to-logical-region mappings.
+
+PEFT defines graph-instance-to-core placement.
+
+Scheduled communication defines how values move between cores.
+
+## Scheduled IR exclusion
+
+Do not add a verifier requiring `spat.scheduled_compute_batch` results to have
+`laneCount` as their first dimension.
+
+Do not rewrite scheduled values merely to resemble graph physical fragment
+collections.
+
+When lowering graph IR into scheduled IR:
+
+- resolve graph fragments and reconstruction metadata before erasing their
+  graph owners;
+- create local forwarding or `spat.channel_send`/`spat.channel_receive` for
+  cross-core dependencies;
+- allow scheduled result representation to follow the scheduled IR contract;
+- preserve numerical and deadlock correctness.
+
+The graph invariant is an input contract for scheduling, not a scheduled-value
+layout contract.
+
+## Required verifier properties
+
+`spat.graph_compute_batch` verification must establish, for every result:
+
+1. the result is a static or otherwise supported ranked tensor;
+2. result rank is exactly `fragment rank + 1`;
+3. result dimension 0 equals `laneCount`;
+4. every lane publication source has the same exact fragment type;
+5. the physical insertion targets the corresponding result block argument;
+6. physical insertion offsets have the fragment slot in dimension 0;
+7. all remaining physical offsets are zero;
+8. physical sizes are `[1] + fragment shape`;
+9. physical strides are unit;
+10. exactly one publication is defined for each graph result in the per-lane
+    body.
+
+These checks apply only to `spat.graph_compute_batch`, not to
+`spat.scheduled_compute_batch`.
+
+Blueprint verification must establish that every logical reconstruction entry:
+
+- references an existing physical batch operand;
+- references a valid physical fragment slot;
+- maps a fragment compatible with the declared logical slice;
+- stays within logical bounds;
+- follows the declared conflict and coverage policies.
+
+## Invalid representations
+
+The following are invariant violations.
+
+### Logical aggregate returned directly by graph batch
+
+```text
+laneCount = 16
+result     = tensor<1x4x16x16>
+```
+
+with each lane inserting into logical dimension 2.
+
+This is a logical assembly masquerading as a graph batch result. The graph
+result must instead be `16 × per-row-fragment`, and a Blueprint must describe
+placement into `tensor<1x4x16x16>`.
+
+### Physical storage derived from logical destination shape
+
+Code equivalent to:
+
+```cpp
+shape = logicalDestinationType.getShape();
+shape[logicalInsertionDimension] = laneCount;
+```
+
+is invalid.
+
+Physical graph storage must be derived from the per-lane fragment type:
+
+```cpp
+physicalShape = [laneCount] + fragmentType.getShape();
+```
+
+### Reconstruction inferred from result type
+
+It is invalid to assume that physical slot `i` belongs at logical offset `i`.
+The Blueprint or another explicit reconstruction descriptor must state the
+mapping.
+
+### Blueprint used for arithmetic
+
+It is invalid to encode `fragment0 + fragment1` as Blueprint reconstruction.
+Create a following graph compute or graph compute batch for the addition.
+
+## Ownership
+
+- ONNX-to-Spatial lowering owns creation of valid graph fragment batches.
+- Graph canonicalization owns normalization of temporary logical-assembly forms
+  into physical graph batches plus Blueprints.
+- `spat.graph_compute_batch` verifier rejects invalid physical publications.
+- `spat.blueprint` owns persistent logical reconstruction metadata.
+- Deferred communication Phase 1 owns complete consumer-side constant shaping.
+- Merge scheduling consumes this graph contract and introduces explicit
+  communication.
+- Scheduled IR verifiers validate scheduled execution and communication, not
+  the graph fragment representation.
+
+## No repair downstream
+
+If graph IR violates this invariant, fix the graph producer or graph
+canonicalization.
+
+Do not repair an invalid graph batch by:
+
+- guessing a lane dimension in `MergeComputeNodes`;
+- deriving physical storage from a logical destination tensor;
+- inspecting deferred-result users;
+- reconstructing omitted Blueprint data after graph erasure;
+- weakening graph verifiers;
+- imposing the graph representation on scheduled operations.

src/PIM/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -117,7 +117,6 @@ add_pim_library(OMPIMAccel
   SpatialOps
   PimOps
   OMONNXToSpatial
-  OMSpatialToGraphviz
   OMSpatialToPim
   OMPimCommon
   OMPimBufferization

src/PIM/Common/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,9 +5,12 @@ add_pim_library(OMPimCommon
   IR/ConstantUtils.cpp
   IR/CoreBlockUtils.cpp
   IR/EntryPointUtils.cpp
+  IR/IndexingUtils.cpp
   IR/LoopUtils.cpp
   IR/ShapeUtils.cpp
+  IR/ShapingUtils.cpp
   IR/SubviewUtils.cpp
+  IR/TensorSliceUtils.cpp
   IR/WeightUtils.cpp
   Support/CheckedArithmetic.cpp
   Support/DebugDump.cpp

src/PIM/Common/IR/AddressAnalysis.cpp

@@ -34,12 +34,25 @@ mlir::Value resolveAlias(mlir::Value value, const StaticValueKnowledge* knowledg
 
 llvm::FailureOr<CompiledIndexExpr> compileIndexValueImpl(mlir::Value value);
 llvm::FailureOr<CompiledAddressExpr> compileContiguousAddressExprImpl(mlir::Value value);
+mlir::Value resolveLoopCarriedAliasImpl(mlir::Value value, const StaticValueKnowledge* knowledge);
 
 template <typename... Args>
 CompiledIndexExpr makeCompiledIndexExpr(Args&&... args) {
   return CompiledIndexExpr(std::make_shared<CompiledIndexExprNode>(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
 }
 
+static mlir::Value resolveForYieldedAliasToInit(mlir::scf::ForOp forOp,
+                                                mlir::Value yieldedValue,
+                                                const StaticValueKnowledge* knowledge) {
+  yieldedValue = resolveLoopCarriedAliasImpl(yieldedValue, knowledge);
+  if (auto blockArgument = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::BlockArgument>(yieldedValue)) {
+    if (blockArgument.getOwner() == forOp.getBody() && blockArgument.getArgNumber() > 0
+        && static_cast<unsigned>(blockArgument.getArgNumber() - 1) < forOp.getInitArgs().size())
+      return resolveLoopCarriedAliasImpl(forOp.getInitArgs()[blockArgument.getArgNumber() - 1], knowledge);
+  }
+  return yieldedValue;
+}
+
 mlir::Value resolveLoopCarriedAliasImpl(mlir::Value value, const StaticValueKnowledge* knowledge) {
   value = resolveAlias(value, knowledge);
 
@@ -60,15 +73,8 @@ mlir::Value resolveLoopCarriedAliasImpl(mlir::Value value, const StaticValueKnow
     auto result = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::OpResult>(value);
     if (result) {
       auto yieldOp = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::scf::YieldOp>(forOp.getBody()->getTerminator());
-      if (yieldOp && result.getResultNumber() < yieldOp.getNumOperands()) {
-        mlir::Value yieldedValue = resolveLoopCarriedAliasImpl(yieldOp.getOperand(result.getResultNumber()), knowledge);
-        if (auto blockArgument = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::BlockArgument>(yieldedValue)) {
-          if (blockArgument.getOwner() == forOp.getBody() && blockArgument.getArgNumber() > 0
-              && static_cast<unsigned>(blockArgument.getArgNumber() - 1) < forOp.getInitArgs().size())
-            return resolveLoopCarriedAliasImpl(forOp.getInitArgs()[blockArgument.getArgNumber() - 1], knowledge);
-        }
-        return yieldedValue;
-      }
+      if (yieldOp && result.getResultNumber() < yieldOp.getNumOperands())
+        return resolveForYieldedAliasToInit(forOp, yieldOp.getOperand(result.getResultNumber()), knowledge);
     }
   }
 
@@ -515,16 +521,7 @@ llvm::FailureOr<ResolvedContiguousAddress> resolveContiguousAddressImpl(mlir::Va
         return mlir::failure();
 
       auto yieldOp = mlir::cast<mlir::scf::YieldOp>(forOp.getBody()->getTerminator());
-      mlir::Value yieldedValue = resolveLoopCarriedAliasImpl(yieldOp.getOperand(result.getResultNumber()), knowledge);
-      if (auto blockArgument = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::BlockArgument>(yieldedValue)) {
-        if (blockArgument.getOwner() == forOp.getBody() && blockArgument.getArgNumber() > 0
-            && static_cast<unsigned>(blockArgument.getArgNumber() - 1) < forOp.getInitArgs().size()) {
-          value = resolveAlias(forOp.getInitArgs()[blockArgument.getArgNumber() - 1], knowledge);
-          continue;
-        }
-      }
-
-      value = yieldedValue;
+      value = resolveForYieldedAliasToInit(forOp, yieldOp.getOperand(result.getResultNumber()), knowledge);
       continue;
     }
 
@@ -643,16 +640,7 @@ llvm::FailureOr<CompiledAddressExpr> compileContiguousAddressExprImpl(mlir::Valu
         return mlir::failure();
 
       auto yieldOp = mlir::cast<mlir::scf::YieldOp>(forOp.getBody()->getTerminator());
-      mlir::Value yieldedValue = yieldOp.getOperand(result.getResultNumber());
-      if (auto blockArgument = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::BlockArgument>(yieldedValue)) {
-        if (blockArgument.getOwner() == forOp.getBody() && blockArgument.getArgNumber() > 0
-            && static_cast<unsigned>(blockArgument.getArgNumber() - 1) < forOp.getInitArgs().size()) {
-          value = forOp.getInitArgs()[blockArgument.getArgNumber() - 1];
-          continue;
-        }
-      }
-
-      value = yieldedValue;
+      value = resolveForYieldedAliasToInit(forOp, yieldOp.getOperand(result.getResultNumber()), nullptr);
       continue;
     }
 
@@ -862,7 +850,7 @@ llvm::FailureOr<ResolvedContiguousAddress> CompiledAddressExpr::evaluate(const S
   auto resolvedOffset = byteOffset.evaluate(knowledge);
   if (failed(resolvedOffset))
     return mlir::failure();
-  return ResolvedContiguousAddress {base, *resolvedOffset};
+  return ResolvedContiguousAddress {resolveAlias(base, &knowledge), *resolvedOffset};
 }
 
 } // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Common/IR/AffineUtils.cpp

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ static FailureOr<int64_t> ceilDivSigned(int64_t lhs, int64_t rhs) {
 }
 
 Value createOrFoldAffineApply(
-  RewriterBase& rewriter, Location loc, AffineMap map, ValueRange operands, Operation* constantAnchor) {
+  OpBuilder& builder, Location loc, AffineMap map, ValueRange operands, Operation* constantAnchor) {
   assert(constantAnchor && "expected a valid constant anchor");
   assert(map.getNumResults() == 1 && "affine.apply expects a single-result affine map");
 
@@ -40,54 +40,91 @@ Value createOrFoldAffineApply(
   for (Value operand : operands) {
     std::optional<int64_t> constantValue = matchConstantIndexValue(operand);
     if (!constantValue)
-      return affine::AffineApplyOp::create(rewriter, loc, map, operands).getResult();
-    operandConstants.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(*constantValue));
+      return affine::AffineApplyOp::create(builder, loc, map, operands).getResult();
+    operandConstants.push_back(builder.getIndexAttr(*constantValue));
   }
 
   SmallVector<Attribute> foldedResults;
   if (succeeded(map.constantFold(operandConstants, foldedResults)) && foldedResults.size() == 1)
     if (auto constantResult = dyn_cast<IntegerAttr>(foldedResults.front()))
-      return getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, constantAnchor, constantResult.getInt());
+      return getOrCreateIndexConstant(builder, constantAnchor, constantResult.getInt());
 
-  return affine::AffineApplyOp::create(rewriter, loc, map, operands).getResult();
+  return affine::AffineApplyOp::create(builder, loc, map, operands).getResult();
 }
 
 Value createOrFoldAffineApply(
-  RewriterBase& rewriter, Location loc, AffineExpr expr, ValueRange dims, Operation* constantAnchor) {
+  OpBuilder& builder, Location loc, AffineExpr expr, ValueRange dims, Operation* constantAnchor) {
   AffineMap map = AffineMap::get(/*dimCount=*/dims.size(), /*symbolCount=*/0, expr);
-  return createOrFoldAffineApply(rewriter, loc, map, dims, constantAnchor);
+  return createOrFoldAffineApply(builder, loc, map, dims, constantAnchor);
 }
 
-Value affineMulConst(RewriterBase& rewriter, Location loc, Value value, int64_t multiplier, Operation* constantAnchor) {
+Value affineMulConst(OpBuilder& builder, Location loc, Value value, int64_t multiplier, Operation* constantAnchor) {
   assert(constantAnchor && "expected a valid constant anchor");
   if (multiplier == 0)
-    return getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, constantAnchor, 0);
+    return getOrCreateIndexConstant(builder, constantAnchor, 0);
   if (multiplier == 1)
     return value;
 
-  AffineExpr d0 = getAffineDimExpr(0, rewriter.getContext());
-  return createOrFoldAffineApply(rewriter, loc, d0 * multiplier, ValueRange {value}, constantAnchor);
+  AffineExpr d0 = getAffineDimExpr(0, builder.getContext());
+  return createOrFoldAffineApply(builder, loc, d0 * multiplier, ValueRange {value}, constantAnchor);
 }
 
-Value affineModConst(RewriterBase& rewriter, Location loc, Value value, int64_t divisor, Operation* constantAnchor) {
+Value affineAddConst(OpBuilder& builder, Location loc, Value value, int64_t offset, Operation* constantAnchor) {
+  assert(constantAnchor && "expected a valid constant anchor");
+  if (offset == 0)
+    return value;
+
+  AffineExpr d0 = getAffineDimExpr(0, builder.getContext());
+  return createOrFoldAffineApply(builder, loc, d0 + offset, ValueRange {value}, constantAnchor);
+}
+
+Value affineModConst(OpBuilder& builder, Location loc, Value value, int64_t divisor, Operation* constantAnchor) {
   assert(constantAnchor && "expected a valid constant anchor");
   assert(divisor > 0 && "expected a positive affine.mod divisor");
   if (divisor == 1)
-    return getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, constantAnchor, 0);
+    return getOrCreateIndexConstant(builder, constantAnchor, 0);
 
-  AffineExpr d0 = getAffineDimExpr(0, rewriter.getContext());
-  return createOrFoldAffineApply(rewriter, loc, d0 % divisor, ValueRange {value}, constantAnchor);
+  AffineExpr d0 = getAffineDimExpr(0, builder.getContext());
+  return createOrFoldAffineApply(builder, loc, d0 % divisor, ValueRange {value}, constantAnchor);
 }
 
 Value affineFloorDivConst(
-  RewriterBase& rewriter, Location loc, Value value, int64_t divisor, Operation* constantAnchor) {
+  OpBuilder& builder, Location loc, Value value, int64_t divisor, Operation* constantAnchor) {
   assert(constantAnchor && "expected a valid constant anchor");
   assert(divisor > 0 && "expected a positive affine.floor_div divisor");
   if (divisor == 1)
     return value;
 
-  AffineExpr d0 = getAffineDimExpr(0, rewriter.getContext());
-  return createOrFoldAffineApply(rewriter, loc, d0.floorDiv(divisor), ValueRange {value}, constantAnchor);
+  AffineExpr d0 = getAffineDimExpr(0, builder.getContext());
+  return createOrFoldAffineApply(builder, loc, d0.floorDiv(divisor), ValueRange {value}, constantAnchor);
+}
+
+Value affineAddModConst(
+  OpBuilder& builder, Location loc, Value value, int64_t offset, int64_t divisor, Operation* constantAnchor) {
+  assert(constantAnchor && "expected a valid constant anchor");
+  assert(divisor > 0 && "expected a positive affine.mod divisor");
+  if (divisor == 1)
+    return getOrCreateIndexConstant(builder, constantAnchor, 0);
+
+  AffineExpr d0 = getAffineDimExpr(0, builder.getContext());
+  AffineExpr expr = d0;
+  if (offset != 0)
+    expr = expr + offset;
+  return createOrFoldAffineApply(builder, loc, expr % divisor, ValueRange {value}, constantAnchor);
+}
+
+Value affineAddFloorDivConst(
+  OpBuilder& builder, Location loc, Value value, int64_t offset, int64_t divisor, Operation* constantAnchor) {
+  assert(constantAnchor && "expected a valid constant anchor");
+  assert(divisor > 0 && "expected a positive affine.floor_div divisor");
+  if (divisor == 1)
+    return offset == 0 ? value : affineAddConst(builder, loc, value, offset, constantAnchor);
+
+  AffineExpr d0 = getAffineDimExpr(0, builder.getContext());
+  AffineExpr expr = d0;
+  if (offset != 0)
+    expr = expr + offset;
+  return createOrFoldAffineApply(builder, loc, expr.floorDiv(divisor), ValueRange {value}, constantAnchor);
 }
 
 FailureOr<int64_t> evaluateAffineExpr(AffineExpr expr, ArrayRef<int64_t> dims, ArrayRef<int64_t> symbols) {

src/PIM/Common/IR/AffineUtils.hpp

@@ -11,36 +11,56 @@ namespace onnx_mlir {
 
 using IndexValueResolver = llvm::function_ref<llvm::FailureOr<int64_t>(mlir::Value)>;
 
-mlir::Value createOrFoldAffineApply(mlir::RewriterBase& rewriter,
+mlir::Value createOrFoldAffineApply(mlir::OpBuilder& builder,
                                     mlir::Location loc,
                                     mlir::AffineMap map,
                                     mlir::ValueRange operands,
                                     mlir::Operation* constantAnchor);
 
-mlir::Value createOrFoldAffineApply(mlir::RewriterBase& rewriter,
+mlir::Value createOrFoldAffineApply(mlir::OpBuilder& builder,
                                     mlir::Location loc,
                                     mlir::AffineExpr expr,
                                     mlir::ValueRange dims,
                                     mlir::Operation* constantAnchor);
 
-mlir::Value affineMulConst(mlir::RewriterBase& rewriter,
+mlir::Value affineMulConst(mlir::OpBuilder& builder,
                            mlir::Location loc,
                            mlir::Value value,
                            int64_t multiplier,
                            mlir::Operation* constantAnchor);
 
-mlir::Value affineModConst(mlir::RewriterBase& rewriter,
+mlir::Value affineAddConst(mlir::OpBuilder& builder,
+                           mlir::Location loc,
+                           mlir::Value value,
+                           int64_t offset,
+                           mlir::Operation* constantAnchor);
+
+mlir::Value affineModConst(mlir::OpBuilder& builder,
                            mlir::Location loc,
                            mlir::Value value,
                            int64_t divisor,
                            mlir::Operation* constantAnchor);
 
-mlir::Value affineFloorDivConst(mlir::RewriterBase& rewriter,
+mlir::Value affineFloorDivConst(mlir::OpBuilder& builder,
                                 mlir::Location loc,
                                 mlir::Value value,
                                 int64_t divisor,
                                 mlir::Operation* constantAnchor);
 
+mlir::Value affineAddModConst(mlir::OpBuilder& builder,
+                              mlir::Location loc,
+                              mlir::Value value,
+                              int64_t offset,
+                              int64_t divisor,
+                              mlir::Operation* constantAnchor);
+
+mlir::Value affineAddFloorDivConst(mlir::OpBuilder& builder,
+                                   mlir::Location loc,
+                                   mlir::Value value,
+                                   int64_t offset,
+                                   int64_t divisor,
+                                   mlir::Operation* constantAnchor);
+
 llvm::FailureOr<int64_t>
 evaluateAffineExpr(mlir::AffineExpr expr, llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> dims, llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> symbols = {});
 

src/PIM/Common/IR/BatchCoreUtils.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/BatchCoreUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/CheckedArithmetic.hpp"
 
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 
@@ -9,6 +10,65 @@ llvm::SmallVector<int32_t> getBatchCoreIds(pim::PimCoreBatchOp coreBatchOp) {
   return llvm::SmallVector<int32_t>(coreIdsAttr.asArrayRef().begin(), coreIdsAttr.asArrayRef().end());
 }
 
+mlir::FailureOr<std::optional<int32_t>>
+getOptionalScheduledCoreId(spatial::SpatScheduledCompute computeOp, llvm::StringRef fieldName) {
+  auto coreIdAttr = computeOp->getAttrOfType<mlir::IntegerAttr>(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdAttrName);
+  if (!coreIdAttr)
+    return std::optional<int32_t> {};
+  if (coreIdAttr.getInt() < 0) {
+    computeOp.emitOpError() << fieldName << " must be non-negative";
+    return mlir::failure();
+  }
+  auto checkedCoreId = pim::checkedI32(coreIdAttr.getInt(), computeOp, fieldName);
+  if (mlir::failed(checkedCoreId))
+    return mlir::failure();
+  return std::optional<int32_t> {*checkedCoreId};
+}
+
+mlir::FailureOr<int32_t> getRequiredScheduledCoreId(spatial::SpatScheduledCompute computeOp, llvm::StringRef fieldName) {
+  auto coreId = getOptionalScheduledCoreId(computeOp, fieldName);
+  if (mlir::failed(coreId))
+    return mlir::failure();
+  if (!*coreId) {
+    computeOp.emitOpError() << "missing required " << onnx_mlir::kCoreIdAttrName;
+    return mlir::failure();
+  }
+  return **coreId;
+}
+
+mlir::FailureOr<std::optional<llvm::SmallVector<int32_t>>>
+getOptionalScheduledBatchCoreIds(spatial::SpatScheduledComputeBatch computeBatchOp, llvm::StringRef fieldName) {
+  auto coreIdsAttr = computeBatchOp->getAttrOfType<mlir::DenseI32ArrayAttr>(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName);
+  if (!coreIdsAttr)
+    return std::optional<llvm::SmallVector<int32_t>> {};
+
+  llvm::SmallVector<int32_t> coreIds;
+  coreIds.reserve(coreIdsAttr.size());
+  for (int32_t coreId : coreIdsAttr.asArrayRef()) {
+    if (coreId < 0) {
+      computeBatchOp.emitOpError() << fieldName << " values must be non-negative";
+      return mlir::failure();
+    }
+    auto checkedCoreId = pim::checkedI32(static_cast<int64_t>(coreId), computeBatchOp, fieldName);
+    if (mlir::failed(checkedCoreId))
+      return mlir::failure();
+    coreIds.push_back(*checkedCoreId);
+  }
+  return std::optional<llvm::SmallVector<int32_t>> {std::move(coreIds)};
+}
+
+mlir::FailureOr<llvm::SmallVector<int32_t>>
+getRequiredScheduledBatchCoreIds(spatial::SpatScheduledComputeBatch computeBatchOp, llvm::StringRef fieldName) {
+  auto coreIds = getOptionalScheduledBatchCoreIds(computeBatchOp, fieldName);
+  if (mlir::failed(coreIds))
+    return mlir::failure();
+  if (!*coreIds) {
+    computeBatchOp.emitOpError() << "missing required " << onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName;
+    return mlir::failure();
+  }
+  return std::move(**coreIds);
+}
+
 llvm::SmallVector<int32_t> getLaneChunkCoreIds(llvm::ArrayRef<int32_t> coreIds, size_t laneCount, unsigned lane) {
   llvm::SmallVector<int32_t> laneCoreIds;
   laneCoreIds.reserve(coreIds.size() / laneCount);

src/PIM/Common/IR/BatchCoreUtils.hpp

@@ -3,12 +3,26 @@
 #include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
 
+#include <optional>
+
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
 
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 
 llvm::SmallVector<int32_t> getBatchCoreIds(pim::PimCoreBatchOp coreBatchOp);
 
+mlir::FailureOr<std::optional<int32_t>>
+getOptionalScheduledCoreId(spatial::SpatScheduledCompute computeOp, llvm::StringRef fieldName);
+
+mlir::FailureOr<int32_t> getRequiredScheduledCoreId(spatial::SpatScheduledCompute computeOp, llvm::StringRef fieldName);
+
+mlir::FailureOr<std::optional<llvm::SmallVector<int32_t>>>
+getOptionalScheduledBatchCoreIds(spatial::SpatScheduledComputeBatch computeBatchOp, llvm::StringRef fieldName);
+
+mlir::FailureOr<llvm::SmallVector<int32_t>>
+getRequiredScheduledBatchCoreIds(spatial::SpatScheduledComputeBatch computeBatchOp, llvm::StringRef fieldName);
+
 llvm::SmallVector<int32_t> getLaneChunkCoreIds(llvm::ArrayRef<int32_t> coreIds, size_t laneCount, unsigned lane);
 
 bool isExplicitHostMemCopyOperand(mlir::Operation* op, unsigned operandIndex);

src/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.cpp

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Value getOrCreateConstant(OperationFolder& folder, Operation* anchorOp, Attribut
   return folder.getOrCreateConstant(hostBlock, arithDialect, value, type);
 }
 
-Value getOrCreateConstant(RewriterBase& rewriter, Operation* anchorOp, Attribute value, Type type) {
+Value getOrCreateConstant(OpBuilder& builder, Operation* anchorOp, Attribute value, Type type) {
   assert(anchorOp && "expected a valid anchor operation");
   Block* hostBlock = getConstantInsertionBlock(anchorOp);
   for (Operation& op : *hostBlock) {
@@ -59,9 +59,16 @@ Value getOrCreateConstant(RewriterBase& rewriter, Operation* anchorOp, Attribute
     return constantOp.getResult();
   }
 
-  OpBuilder::InsertionGuard guard(rewriter);
-  rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(hostBlock);
-  return arith::ConstantOp::create(rewriter, anchorOp->getLoc(), type, cast<TypedAttr>(value)).getResult();
+  OpBuilder::InsertionGuard guard(builder);
+  builder.setInsertionPointToStart(hostBlock);
+  return arith::ConstantOp::create(builder, anchorOp->getLoc(), type, cast<TypedAttr>(value)).getResult();
+}
+
+Value createConstantAtHostBlockStart(OpBuilder& builder, Operation* anchorOp, TypedAttr value) {
+  assert(anchorOp && "expected a valid anchor operation");
+  OpBuilder::InsertionGuard guard(builder);
+  builder.setInsertionPointToStart(getConstantInsertionBlock(anchorOp));
+  return arith::ConstantOp::create(builder, anchorOp->getLoc(), value).getResult();
 }
 
 Value getOrCreateConstantLike(OperationFolder& folder, arith::ConstantOp constantOp) {
@@ -73,9 +80,8 @@ Value getOrCreateIndexConstant(OperationFolder& folder, Operation* anchorOp, int
   return getOrCreateConstant(folder, anchorOp, builder.getIndexAttr(value), builder.getIndexType());
 }
 
-Value getOrCreateIndexConstant(RewriterBase& rewriter, Operation* anchorOp, int64_t value) {
-  Builder builder(anchorOp->getContext());
-  return getOrCreateConstant(rewriter, anchorOp, builder.getIndexAttr(value), builder.getIndexType());
+Value getOrCreateIndexConstant(OpBuilder& builder, Operation* anchorOp, int64_t value) {
+  return getOrCreateConstant(builder, anchorOp, builder.getIndexAttr(value), builder.getIndexType());
 }
 
 void hoistAndUniquifyIndexConstants(func::FuncOp funcOp, RewriterBase& rewriter) {

src/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.hpp

@@ -16,13 +16,16 @@ mlir::Value
 getOrCreateConstant(mlir::OperationFolder& folder, mlir::Operation* anchorOp, mlir::Attribute value, mlir::Type type);
 
 mlir::Value
-getOrCreateConstant(mlir::RewriterBase& rewriter, mlir::Operation* anchorOp, mlir::Attribute value, mlir::Type type);
+getOrCreateConstant(mlir::OpBuilder& builder, mlir::Operation* anchorOp, mlir::Attribute value, mlir::Type type);
+
+mlir::Value
+createConstantAtHostBlockStart(mlir::OpBuilder& builder, mlir::Operation* anchorOp, mlir::TypedAttr value);
 
 mlir::Value getOrCreateConstantLike(mlir::OperationFolder& folder, mlir::arith::ConstantOp constantOp);
 
 mlir::Value getOrCreateIndexConstant(mlir::OperationFolder& folder, mlir::Operation* anchorOp, int64_t value);
 
-mlir::Value getOrCreateIndexConstant(mlir::RewriterBase& rewriter, mlir::Operation* anchorOp, int64_t value);
+mlir::Value getOrCreateIndexConstant(mlir::OpBuilder& builder, mlir::Operation* anchorOp, int64_t value);
 
 void hoistAndUniquifyIndexConstants(mlir::func::FuncOp funcOp, mlir::RewriterBase& rewriter);
 

src/PIM/Common/IR/CoreBlockUtils.cpp

@@ -36,9 +36,10 @@ bool isCoreStaticAddressOp(mlir::Operation* op) {
 
 mlir::LogicalResult
 walkPimCoreBlock(mlir::Block& block,
-                 const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge,
+                 const StaticValueKnowledge& initialKnowledge,
                  llvm::function_ref<mlir::LogicalResult(mlir::Operation&, const StaticValueKnowledge&)> callback) {
   bool hasFailure = false;
+  StaticValueKnowledge knowledge = initialKnowledge;
   for (mlir::Operation& op : block) {
     if (mlir::isa<pim::PimHaltOp, mlir::scf::YieldOp>(op) || isCoreStaticAddressOp(&op))
       continue;
@@ -74,6 +75,42 @@ walkPimCoreBlock(mlir::Block& block,
       continue;
     }
 
+    if (auto ifOp = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::scf::IfOp>(op)) {
+      auto condition = resolveIndexValue(ifOp.getCondition(), knowledge);
+      if (failed(condition)) {
+        ifOp.emitOpError("requires statically evaluable scf.if condition for PIM codegen");
+        hasFailure = true;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      mlir::Region& selectedRegion = *condition != 0 ? ifOp.getThenRegion() : ifOp.getElseRegion();
+      if (!selectedRegion.empty())
+        if (failed(walkPimCoreBlock(selectedRegion.front(), knowledge, callback)))
+          hasFailure = true;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (auto switchOp = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::scf::IndexSwitchOp>(op)) {
+      auto selector = resolveIndexValue(switchOp.getArg(), knowledge);
+      if (failed(selector)) {
+        switchOp.emitOpError("requires a statically evaluable scf.index_switch selector for PIM codegen");
+        hasFailure = true;
+        continue;
+      }
+      mlir::Region* selected = &switchOp.getDefaultRegion();
+      for (auto [caseValue, caseRegion] : llvm::zip(switchOp.getCases(), switchOp.getCaseRegions()))
+        if (caseValue == *selector) {
+          selected = &caseRegion;
+          break;
+        }
+      if (failed(walkPimCoreBlock(selected->front(), knowledge, callback)))
+        hasFailure = true;
+      auto yield = mlir::cast<mlir::scf::YieldOp>(selected->front().getTerminator());
+      for (auto [result, yielded] : llvm::zip(switchOp.getResults(), yield.getOperands()))
+        knowledge.aliases[result] = resolveLoopCarriedAlias(yielded, knowledge);
+      continue;
+    }
+
     if (failed(callback(op, knowledge)))
       hasFailure = true;
   }
@@ -82,9 +119,10 @@ walkPimCoreBlock(mlir::Block& block,
 
 mlir::LogicalResult walkPimCoreBlockStructurally(
   mlir::Block& block,
-  const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge,
+  const StaticValueKnowledge& initialKnowledge,
   llvm::function_ref<mlir::LogicalResult(mlir::Operation&, const StaticValueKnowledge&)> callback) {
   bool hasFailure = false;
+  StaticValueKnowledge knowledge = initialKnowledge;
   for (mlir::Operation& op : block) {
     if (mlir::isa<pim::PimHaltOp, mlir::scf::YieldOp>(op) || isCoreStaticAddressOp(&op))
       continue;
@@ -128,6 +166,44 @@ mlir::LogicalResult walkPimCoreBlockStructurally(
       continue;
     }
 
+    if (auto ifOp = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::scf::IfOp>(op)) {
+      if (failed(resolveIndexValue(ifOp.getCondition(), knowledge))) {
+        ifOp.emitOpError("requires statically evaluable scf.if condition for PIM verification");
+        hasFailure = true;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (!ifOp.getThenRegion().empty())
+        if (failed(walkPimCoreBlockStructurally(ifOp.getThenRegion().front(), knowledge, callback)))
+          hasFailure = true;
+      if (!ifOp.getElseRegion().empty())
+        if (failed(walkPimCoreBlockStructurally(ifOp.getElseRegion().front(), knowledge, callback)))
+          hasFailure = true;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (auto switchOp = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::scf::IndexSwitchOp>(op)) {
+      auto selector = resolveIndexValue(switchOp.getArg(), knowledge);
+      if (failed(selector)) {
+        switchOp.emitOpError("requires a statically evaluable scf.index_switch selector for PIM verification");
+        hasFailure = true;
+        continue;
+      }
+      mlir::Region* selected = &switchOp.getDefaultRegion();
+      for (auto [caseValue, caseRegion] : llvm::zip(switchOp.getCases(), switchOp.getCaseRegions()))
+        if (caseValue == *selector) {
+          selected = &caseRegion;
+          break;
+        }
+      for (mlir::Region& region : switchOp->getRegions())
+        if (failed(walkPimCoreBlockStructurally(region.front(), knowledge, callback)))
+          hasFailure = true;
+      auto yield = mlir::cast<mlir::scf::YieldOp>(selected->front().getTerminator());
+      for (auto [result, yielded] : llvm::zip(switchOp.getResults(), yield.getOperands()))
+        knowledge.aliases[result] = resolveLoopCarriedAlias(yielded, knowledge);
+      continue;
+    }
+
     if (failed(callback(op, knowledge)))
       hasFailure = true;
   }

src/PIM/Common/IR/IndexingUtils.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 
-#include "IndexingUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/IndexingUtils.hpp"
 
 using namespace mlir;
 

src/PIM/Common/IR/ShapeUtils.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
 
+#include <functional>
+
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ShapeUtils.hpp"
 
 namespace onnx_mlir {
@@ -163,4 +166,80 @@ bool isContiguousSubviewWithDynamicOffsets(llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceShape,
   return true;
 }
 
+bool hasStaticPositiveShape(llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> shape) {
+  return llvm::all_of(shape, [](int64_t dim) { return dim > 0; });
+}
+
+bool hasStaticPositiveShape(mlir::RankedTensorType type) {
+  return type.hasStaticShape() && hasStaticPositiveShape(type.getShape());
+}
+
+int64_t getStaticShapeElementCount(llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> shape) {
+  return std::accumulate(shape.begin(), shape.end(), int64_t {1}, std::multiplies<int64_t> {});
+}
+
+llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> permuteShape(llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> shape, llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> permutation) {
+  llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> permutedShape;
+  permutedShape.reserve(permutation.size());
+  for (int64_t axis : permutation)
+    permutedShape.push_back(shape[axis]);
+  return permutedShape;
+}
+
+llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> invertPermutation(llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> permutation) {
+  llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> inversePermutation(permutation.size());
+  for (auto [newIndex, oldIndex] : llvm::enumerate(permutation))
+    inversePermutation[oldIndex] = static_cast<int64_t>(newIndex);
+  return inversePermutation;
+}
+
+mlir::FailureOr<llvm::SmallVector<int64_t>>
+getTransposePermutationChecked(std::optional<mlir::ArrayAttr> permAttr, int64_t rank) {
+  llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> permutation;
+  if (!permAttr) {
+    permutation.reserve(rank);
+    for (int64_t dim = rank - 1; dim >= 0; --dim)
+      permutation.push_back(dim);
+    return permutation;
+  }
+
+  if (static_cast<int64_t>(permAttr->size()) != rank)
+    return mlir::failure();
+
+  permutation.reserve(permAttr->size());
+  llvm::SmallVector<bool> seen(rank, false);
+  for (mlir::IntegerAttr attr : permAttr->getAsRange<mlir::IntegerAttr>()) {
+    int64_t axis = attr.getInt();
+    if (axis < 0 || axis >= rank || seen[axis])
+      return mlir::failure();
+    seen[axis] = true;
+    permutation.push_back(axis);
+  }
+  return permutation;
+}
+
+llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> getStaticIndexAttrs(mlir::Builder& builder, llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> values) {
+  llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> attrs;
+  attrs.reserve(values.size());
+  for (int64_t value : values)
+    attrs.push_back(builder.getIndexAttr(value));
+  return attrs;
+}
+
+llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> getUnitStrides(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter, int64_t rank) {
+  return llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult>(rank, rewriter.getIndexAttr(1));
+}
+
+llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> getZeroOffsets(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter, int64_t rank) {
+  return llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult>(rank, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0));
+}
+
+llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> getStaticSizes(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter, llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> shape) {
+  llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> sizes;
+  sizes.reserve(shape.size());
+  for (int64_t dim : shape)
+    sizes.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(dim));
+  return sizes;
+}
+
 } // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Common/IR/ShapeUtils.hpp

@@ -2,15 +2,23 @@
 
 #include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/OpDefinition.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/PatternMatch.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Value.h"
 
 #include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
 
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <optional>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
 
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 
+using HSliceId = size_t;
+using CoreId = size_t;
+
 llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> computeRowMajorStrides(llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> shape);
 
 llvm::SmallVector<int64_t>
@@ -36,4 +44,69 @@ bool isContiguousSubviewWithDynamicOffsets(llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceShape,
                                            llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> staticSizes,
                                            llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> staticStrides);
 
+template <class A, class B, class C = std::common_type_t<A, B>>
+constexpr C ceilIntegerDivide(A a, B b) {
+  static_assert(std::is_integral_v<A>, "A must be an integer type");
+  static_assert(std::is_integral_v<B>, "B must be an integer type");
+  C ac = static_cast<C>(a);
+  C bc = static_cast<C>(b);
+  return 1 + (ac - 1) / bc;
+}
+
+template <class A, class B, class C = std::common_type_t<A, B>>
+constexpr std::pair<C, C> ceilIntegerDivideWithRemainder(A a, B b) {
+  static_assert(std::is_integral_v<A>, "A must be an integer type");
+  static_assert(std::is_integral_v<B>, "B must be an integer type");
+  C ac = static_cast<C>(a);
+  C bc = static_cast<C>(b);
+  return {ceilIntegerDivide(ac, bc), ac % bc};
+}
+
+template <class T>
+bool isVectorShape(mlir::ArrayRef<T> shape) {
+  return shape.size() == 2 && (shape[0] == 1 || shape[1] == 1);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+bool isMatrixShape(mlir::ArrayRef<T> shape) {
+  return shape.size() == 2;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+bool isHVectorShape(mlir::ArrayRef<T> shape) {
+  return shape.size() == 2 && shape[0] == 1;
+}
+
+inline auto getTensorShape(mlir::Value tensor) {
+  return mlir::cast<mlir::RankedTensorType>(tensor.getType()).getShape();
+}
+
+inline bool haveSameStaticShape(mlir::Value lhs, mlir::Value rhs) {
+  auto lhsType = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::RankedTensorType>(lhs.getType());
+  auto rhsType = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::RankedTensorType>(rhs.getType());
+  return lhsType && rhsType && lhsType.hasStaticShape() && rhsType.hasStaticShape()
+      && lhsType.getShape() == rhsType.getShape();
+}
+
+bool hasStaticPositiveShape(mlir::ArrayRef<int64_t> shape);
+
+bool hasStaticPositiveShape(mlir::RankedTensorType type);
+
+int64_t getStaticShapeElementCount(mlir::ArrayRef<int64_t> shape);
+
+llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> permuteShape(mlir::ArrayRef<int64_t> shape, mlir::ArrayRef<int64_t> permutation);
+
+llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> invertPermutation(mlir::ArrayRef<int64_t> permutation);
+
+mlir::FailureOr<llvm::SmallVector<int64_t>> getTransposePermutationChecked(std::optional<mlir::ArrayAttr> permAttr,
+                                                                           int64_t rank);
+
+llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> getStaticIndexAttrs(mlir::Builder& builder, llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> values);
+
+llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> getUnitStrides(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter, int64_t rank);
+
+llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> getZeroOffsets(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter, int64_t rank);
+
+llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> getStaticSizes(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter, llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> shape);
+
 } // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Common/IR/ShapingUtils.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Linalg/IR/Linalg.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
+#include "mlir/Interfaces/SideEffectInterfaces.h"
+
+#include "ShapingUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
+#include "src/Dialect/ONNX/ONNXOps.hpp"
+
+using namespace mlir;
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+
+bool isShapingOnlyOp(Operation *op) {
+  return isa<tensor::CastOp,
+             tensor::CollapseShapeOp,
+             tensor::ExpandShapeOp,
+             tensor::ExtractSliceOp,
+             tensor::InsertSliceOp,
+             tensor::ConcatOp,
+             tensor::EmptyOp,
+             tensor::ExtractOp,
+             tensor::InsertOp,
+             tensor::SplatOp,
+             linalg::TransposeOp,
+             ONNXTransposeOp,
+             spatial::SpatConcatOp,
+             spatial::SpatExtractRowsOp>(op);
+}
+
+bool isPureIndexComputationOp(Operation *op) {
+  if (op->getNumRegions() != 0 || op->getNumResults() == 0 || op->hasTrait<OpTrait::IsTerminator>()
+      || !isMemoryEffectFree(op))
+    return false;
+  auto isIndexOrInteger = [](Type type) { return type.isIndex() || isa<IntegerType>(type); };
+  return llvm::all_of(op->getOperandTypes(), isIndexOrInteger)
+      && llvm::all_of(op->getResultTypes(), isIndexOrInteger);
+}
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Common/IR/ShapingUtils.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace mlir {
+class Operation;
+}
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+
+bool isShapingOnlyOp(mlir::Operation *op);
+
+bool isPureIndexComputationOp(mlir::Operation *op);
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Common/IR/TensorSliceUtils.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
+
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/TensorSliceUtils.hpp"
+
+using namespace mlir;
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+
+Value extractAxisSlice(
+  PatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, Value source, int64_t axis, int64_t offset, int64_t size) {
+  auto sourceType = cast<RankedTensorType>(source.getType());
+  SmallVector<int64_t> resultShape(sourceType.getShape());
+  resultShape[axis] = size;
+  auto resultType = RankedTensorType::get(resultShape, sourceType.getElementType(), sourceType.getEncoding());
+
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> offsets = getZeroOffsets(rewriter, sourceType.getRank());
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> sizes = getStaticSizes(rewriter, sourceType.getShape());
+  offsets[axis] = rewriter.getIndexAttr(offset);
+  sizes[axis] = rewriter.getIndexAttr(size);
+  return tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(
+           rewriter, loc, resultType, source, offsets, sizes, getUnitStrides(rewriter, sourceType.getRank()))
+    .getResult();
+}
+
+Value extractStaticSliceOrIdentity(RewriterBase& rewriter,
+                                   Location loc,
+                                   Value source,
+                                   RankedTensorType resultType,
+                                   ArrayRef<OpFoldResult> offsets,
+                                   ArrayRef<OpFoldResult> sizes,
+                                   ArrayRef<OpFoldResult> strides) {
+  auto sourceType = cast<RankedTensorType>(source.getType());
+  size_t rank = static_cast<size_t>(sourceType.getRank());
+
+  bool isIdentitySlice =
+    sourceType == resultType && sourceType.hasStaticShape() && offsets.size() == rank && sizes.size() == rank
+    && strides.size() == rank;
+  if (isIdentitySlice) {
+    ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceShape = sourceType.getShape();
+    for (auto [dim, offset, size, stride] : llvm::zip_equal(sourceShape, offsets, sizes, strides)) {
+      std::optional<int64_t> staticOffset = mlir::getConstantIntValue(offset);
+      std::optional<int64_t> staticSize = mlir::getConstantIntValue(size);
+      std::optional<int64_t> staticStride = mlir::getConstantIntValue(stride);
+      if (!staticOffset || !staticSize || !staticStride || *staticOffset != 0 || *staticSize != dim
+          || *staticStride != 1) {
+        isIdentitySlice = false;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (isIdentitySlice)
+    return source;
+
+  return tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(rewriter, loc, resultType, source, offsets, sizes, strides).getResult();
+}
+
+Value insertStaticSlice(
+  PatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, Value source, Value dest, ArrayRef<OpFoldResult> offsets) {
+  auto sourceType = cast<RankedTensorType>(source.getType());
+  return tensor::InsertSliceOp::create(rewriter,
+                                       loc,
+                                       source,
+                                       dest,
+                                       offsets,
+                                       getStaticSizes(rewriter, sourceType.getShape()),
+                                       getUnitStrides(rewriter, sourceType.getRank()))
+    .getResult();
+}
+
+FailureOr<Value> addLeadingUnitTensorDimension(OpBuilder& builder, Location loc, Value value) {
+  auto type = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(value.getType());
+  if (!type || !type.hasStaticShape())
+    return failure();
+  SmallVector<int64_t> shape {1};
+  llvm::append_range(shape, type.getShape());
+  auto resultType = RankedTensorType::get(shape, type.getElementType(), type.getEncoding());
+  SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> reassociation;
+  if (type.getRank() != 0) {
+    reassociation.push_back({0, 1});
+    for (int64_t dim = 1; dim < type.getRank(); ++dim)
+      reassociation.push_back({dim + 1});
+  }
+  return tensor::ExpandShapeOp::create(builder, loc, resultType, value, reassociation).getResult();
+}
+
+FailureOr<Value> removeLeadingUnitTensorDimension(
+  OpBuilder& builder, Location loc, Value value, RankedTensorType resultType) {
+  if (value.getType() == resultType)
+    return value;
+  auto type = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(value.getType());
+  if (!type || !resultType || !type.hasStaticShape() || !resultType.hasStaticShape()
+      || type.getRank() != resultType.getRank() + 1 || type.getDimSize(0) != 1
+      || type.getElementType() != resultType.getElementType()
+      || !llvm::equal(type.getShape().drop_front(), resultType.getShape()))
+    return failure();
+  SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> reassociation;
+  if (resultType.getRank() != 0) {
+    reassociation.push_back({0, 1});
+    for (int64_t dim = 1; dim < resultType.getRank(); ++dim)
+      reassociation.push_back({dim + 1});
+  }
+  return tensor::CollapseShapeOp::create(builder, loc, resultType, value, reassociation).getResult();
+}
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Common/IR/TensorSliceUtils.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/ValueRange.h"
+#include "mlir/Transforms/DialectConversion.h"
+
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ShapeUtils.hpp"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+
+mlir::Value extractAxisSlice(
+  mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter, mlir::Location loc, mlir::Value source, int64_t axis, int64_t offset, int64_t size);
+
+mlir::Value extractStaticSliceOrIdentity(mlir::RewriterBase& rewriter,
+                                         mlir::Location loc,
+                                         mlir::Value source,
+                                         mlir::RankedTensorType resultType,
+                                         llvm::ArrayRef<mlir::OpFoldResult> offsets,
+                                         llvm::ArrayRef<mlir::OpFoldResult> sizes,
+                                         llvm::ArrayRef<mlir::OpFoldResult> strides);
+
+mlir::Value insertStaticSlice(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                              mlir::Location loc,
+                              mlir::Value source,
+                              mlir::Value dest,
+                              llvm::ArrayRef<mlir::OpFoldResult> offsets);
+
+mlir::FailureOr<mlir::Value>
+addLeadingUnitTensorDimension(mlir::OpBuilder& builder, mlir::Location loc, mlir::Value value);
+
+mlir::FailureOr<mlir::Value> removeLeadingUnitTensorDimension(
+  mlir::OpBuilder& builder, mlir::Location loc, mlir::Value value, mlir::RankedTensorType resultType);
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Common/LabeledList.hpp

@@ -1,315 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/ilist_node.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/simple_ilist.h"
-
-#include <cassert>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <limits>
-#include <type_traits>
-
-namespace onnx_mlir {
-
-template <typename NodeT>
-class LabeledList;
-
-template <typename NodeT>
-class LabeledListNode : public llvm::ilist_node<NodeT> {
-  friend class LabeledList<NodeT>;
-
-public:
-  using Label = uint64_t;
-
-  LabeledListNode() = default;
-  LabeledListNode(const LabeledListNode&) = delete;
-  LabeledListNode(LabeledListNode&&) = default;
-  LabeledListNode& operator=(LabeledListNode&&) = delete;
-
-  ~LabeledListNode() { assert(owner_ == nullptr && "destroying a linked LabeledListNode"); }
-
-  bool isLinked() const { return owner_ != nullptr; }
-  Label getOrderLabel() const { return label; }
-
-  friend bool operator<(const LabeledListNode& lft, const LabeledListNode& rgt) { return lft.label < rgt.label; }
-
-private:
-  const void* owner_ = nullptr;
-  Label label = 0;
-};
-
-template <typename NodeT>
-class LabeledList {
-
-  using Label = typename NodeT::Label;
-
-  static constexpr Label kLowerSentinel = 0;
-  static constexpr Label kUpperSentinel = std::numeric_limits<Label>::max();
-  static constexpr Label kRelabelGap = 2;
-
-public:
-  using List = llvm::simple_ilist<NodeT>;
-  using Iterator = typename List::iterator;
-  using RIterator = typename List::reverse_iterator;
-  using ConstIterator = typename List::const_iterator;
-
-  LabeledList() = default;
-  LabeledList(const LabeledList&) = delete;
-  LabeledList& operator=(const LabeledList&) = delete;
-  LabeledList(LabeledList&&) = delete;
-  LabeledList& operator=(LabeledList&&) = delete;
-
-  ~LabeledList() { clear(); }
-
-  bool empty() const { return size_ == 0; }
-  size_t size() const { return size_; }
-
-  NodeT* front() { return empty() ? nullptr : &nodes_.front(); }
-  const NodeT* front() const { return empty() ? nullptr : &nodes_.front(); }
-
-  NodeT* back() { return empty() ? nullptr : &nodes_.back(); }
-  const NodeT* back() const { return empty() ? nullptr : &nodes_.back(); }
-
-  static NodeT* previous(NodeT* node) {
-    if (!node || !owner(node))
-      return nullptr;
-    auto* list = owner(node);
-    auto it = node->getIterator();
-    if (it == list->nodes_.begin())
-      return nullptr;
-    return &*std::prev(it);
-  }
-
-  static const NodeT* previous(const NodeT* node) {
-    if (!node || !owner(node))
-      return nullptr;
-    const auto* list = owner(node);
-    auto it = const_cast<NodeT*>(node)->getIterator();
-    if (it == list->nodes_.begin())
-      return nullptr;
-    return &*std::prev(it);
-  }
-
-  static NodeT* next(NodeT* node) {
-    if (!node || !owner(node))
-      return nullptr;
-    auto* list = owner(node);
-    auto it = std::next(node->getIterator());
-    if (it == list->nodes_.end())
-      return nullptr;
-    return &*it;
-  }
-
-  static const NodeT* next(const NodeT* node) {
-    if (!node || !owner(node))
-      return nullptr;
-    const auto* list = owner(node);
-    auto it = std::next(const_cast<NodeT*>(node)->getIterator());
-    if (it == list->nodes_.end())
-      return nullptr;
-    return &*it;
-  }
-
-  bool contains(const NodeT* node) const { return node && node->owner_ == this; }
-
-  Label getOrderLabel(const NodeT* node) const {
-    assert(contains(node) && "node must belong to this list");
-    return node->label;
-  }
-
-  bool comesBefore(const NodeT* lhs, const NodeT* rhs) const {
-    assert(contains(lhs) && contains(rhs) && "nodes must belong to this list");
-    return lhs->label < rhs->label;
-  }
-
-  void pushFront(NodeT* node) { insertBefore(front(), node); }
-
-  void pushBack(NodeT* node) { insertBefore(nullptr, node); }
-
-  void insertBefore(NodeT* nextNode, NodeT* node) {
-    assert(node && "cannot insert a null node");
-    assert(!node->owner_ && "node is already linked");
-    assert(nextNode == nullptr || contains(nextNode));
-
-    Iterator nextIt = nextNode ? getIteratorFor(nextNode) : nodes_.end();
-    nodes_.insert(nextIt, *node);
-    node->owner_ = this;
-    ++size_;
-    assignLabel(getIteratorFor(node));
-  }
-
-  void insertAfter(NodeT* prevNode, NodeT* node) {
-    assert(prevNode == nullptr || contains(prevNode));
-    if (prevNode == nullptr)
-      insertBefore(front(), node);
-    else
-      insertBefore(next(prevNode), node);
-  }
-
-  void remove(NodeT* node) {
-    assert(contains(node) && "node must belong to this list");
-    nodes_.remove(*node);
-    node->owner_ = nullptr;
-    node->label = 0;
-    --size_;
-  }
-
-  void moveBefore(NodeT* node, NodeT* nextNode) {
-    assert(contains(node) && "node must belong to this list");
-    assert(nextNode == nullptr || contains(nextNode));
-
-    Iterator nodeIt = getIteratorFor(node);
-    Iterator nextIt = nextNode ? getIteratorFor(nextNode) : nodes_.end();
-    if (nodeIt == nextIt || std::next(nodeIt) == nextIt)
-      return;
-
-    nodes_.splice(nextIt, nodes_, nodeIt);
-    assignLabel(getIteratorFor(node));
-  }
-
-  void moveAfter(NodeT* node, NodeT* prevNode) {
-    assert(contains(node) && "node must belong to this list");
-    assert(prevNode == nullptr || contains(prevNode));
-
-    Iterator nextIt = prevNode ? std::next(getIteratorFor(prevNode)) : nodes_.begin();
-    if (getIteratorFor(node) == nextIt)
-      return;
-    moveBefore(node, nextIt == nodes_.end() ? nullptr : &*nextIt);
-  }
-
-  void clear() {
-    while (!nodes_.empty()) {
-      NodeT* node = &nodes_.front();
-      node->owner_ = nullptr;
-      node->label = 0;
-      nodes_.remove(*node);
-    }
-    size_ = 0;
-  }
-
-  Iterator begin() { return nodes_.begin(); }
-  Iterator end() { return nodes_.end(); }
-
-  RIterator rbegin() { return nodes_.rbegin(); }
-  RIterator rend() { return nodes_.rend(); }
-
-private:
-  static const LabeledList* owner(const NodeT* node) { return static_cast<const LabeledList*>(node->owner_); }
-  static LabeledList* owner(NodeT* node) { return static_cast<LabeledList*>(const_cast<void*>(node->owner_)); }
-
-  static Label lowerLabel(const NodeT* node) { return node ? node->label : kLowerSentinel; }
-  static Label upperLabel(const NodeT* node) { return node ? node->label : kUpperSentinel; }
-
-  static Label labelGap(Label lower, Label upper) {
-    assert(lower < upper && "labels must be strictly ordered");
-    return upper - lower;
-  }
-
-  static bool hasMidpoint(Label lower, Label upper) { return labelGap(lower, upper) > 1; }
-
-  static bool hasRelabelSlack(Label lower, Label upper, size_t nodeCount) {
-    Label gap = labelGap(lower, upper);
-    return gap / static_cast<Label>(nodeCount + 1) >= kRelabelGap;
-  }
-
-  Iterator getIteratorFor(NodeT* node) { return node->getIterator(); }
-  ConstIterator getiteratorFor(const NodeT* node) const { return node->getIterator(); }
-
-  NodeT* previousNode(Iterator it) {
-    if (it == nodes_.begin())
-      return nullptr;
-    return &*std::prev(it);
-  }
-
-  const NodeT* previousNode(ConstIterator it) const {
-    if (it == nodes_.begin())
-      return nullptr;
-    return &*std::prev(it);
-  }
-
-  NodeT* nextNode(Iterator it) {
-    ++it;
-    if (it == nodes_.end())
-      return nullptr;
-    return &*it;
-  }
-
-  const NodeT* nextNode(ConstIterator it) const {
-    ++it;
-    if (it == nodes_.end())
-      return nullptr;
-    return &*it;
-  }
-
-  void assignLabel(Iterator it) {
-    Label lower = lowerLabel(previousNode(it));
-    Label upper = upperLabel(nextNode(it));
-    if (hasMidpoint(lower, upper)) {
-      (*it).label = lower + static_cast<Label>(labelGap(lower, upper) / 2);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    relabelAround(it);
-  }
-
-  void relabelAround(Iterator center) {
-    size_t targetCount = 1;
-    while (true) {
-      Iterator left = center;
-      Iterator right = center;
-      size_t actualCount = 1;
-      expandWindow(center, targetCount, left, right, actualCount);
-
-      Label lower = lowerLabel(previousNode(left));
-      Label upper = upperLabel(nextNode(right));
-      if (hasRelabelSlack(lower, upper, actualCount)) {
-        relabelWindow(left, actualCount, lower, upper);
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if (left == nodes_.begin() && nextNode(right) == nullptr) {
-        assert(hasRelabelSlack(lower, upper, actualCount) && "label space exhausted");
-        relabelWindow(left, actualCount, lower, upper);
-        return;
-      }
-
-      targetCount *= 2;
-    }
-  }
-
-  void expandWindow(Iterator center, size_t targetCount, Iterator& left, Iterator& right, size_t& actualCount) {
-    left = center;
-    right = center;
-    actualCount = 1;
-
-    while (actualCount < targetCount && (left != nodes_.begin() || nextNode(right) != nullptr)) {
-      if (left != nodes_.begin()) {
-        --left;
-        ++actualCount;
-        if (actualCount == targetCount)
-          break;
-      }
-      if (nextNode(right) != nullptr) {
-        ++right;
-        ++actualCount;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  void relabelWindow(Iterator left, size_t nodeCount, Label lower, Label upper) {
-    assert(nodeCount > 0 && "relabel window must not be empty");
-    Label step = labelGap(lower, upper) / static_cast<Label>(nodeCount + 1);
-    assert(step >= 1 && "relabel step must be positive");
-
-    Iterator it = left;
-    for (size_t index = 1; index <= nodeCount; ++index) {
-      (*it).label = lower + step * index;
-      ++it;
-    }
-  }
-
-  List nodes_;
-  size_t size_ = 0;
-};
-
-} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/CoreBlockUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/EntryPointUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/IndexingUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ShapeUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/WeightUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/DebugDump.hpp"

src/PIM/Common/Support/DebugDump.cpp

@@ -7,18 +7,26 @@
 
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 
-void dumpModule(mlir::ModuleOp moduleOp, const std::string& name) {
+std::fstream openDialectDumpFileWithExtension(const std::string& name, llvm::StringRef destination,  llvm::StringRef extension) {
   std::string outputDir = getOutputDir();
   if (outputDir.empty())
+    return {};
+
+  std::string dialectsDir = (outputDir + destination).str();
+  createDirectory(dialectsDir);
+  return std::fstream(dialectsDir + "/" + name + "." + extension.str(), std::ios::out);
+}
+
+void dumpModule(mlir::ModuleOp moduleOp, const std::string& name, bool assumeVerified) {
+  std::fstream file = openDialectDumpFileWithExtension(name, "/dialects", "mlir");
+  if (!file.is_open())
     return;
 
-  std::string dialectsDir = outputDir + "/dialects";
-  createDirectory(dialectsDir);
-
-  std::fstream file(dialectsDir + "/" + name + ".mlir", std::ios::out);
   llvm::raw_os_ostream os(file);
   mlir::OpPrintingFlags flags;
-  flags.elideLargeElementsAttrs().enableDebugInfo(true, false);
+  flags.elideLargeElementsAttrs().enableDebugInfo(false, false);
+  if (assumeVerified)
+    flags.assumeVerified();
   moduleOp.print(os, flags);
   os.flush();
   file.close();

src/PIM/Common/Support/DebugDump.hpp

@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "mlir/IR/BuiltinOps.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
 
+#include <fstream>
 #include <string>
 
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 
 /// Emits a MLIR snapshot under the current compiler output
 /// directory for pass-level debugging.
-void dumpModule(mlir::ModuleOp moduleOp, const std::string& name);
+void dumpModule(mlir::ModuleOp moduleOp, const std::string& name, bool assumeVerified = false);
+
+/// Opens a file under the same dialect dump directory used by dumpModule.
+std::fstream openDialectDumpFileWithExtension(const std::string& name,llvm::StringRef destination = "/dialects",  llvm::StringRef extension = "mlir");
 
 } // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Compiler/PimCodeGen.cpp

@@ -414,6 +414,9 @@ size_t PimAcceleratorMemory::getValueAddress(mlir::Value value,
                                              const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge,
                                              std::optional<unsigned> lane) const {
   value = resolveCachedAlias(value, knowledge);
+
+  FailureOr<ResolvedContiguousAddress> resolvedAddress = resolveContiguousAddress(value, knowledge);
+  if (failed(resolvedAddress)) {
     auto compiledIt = compiledAddressExprs.find(value);
     if (compiledIt == compiledAddressExprs.end()) {
       auto compiledExpr = compileContiguousAddressExpr(value);
@@ -427,7 +430,7 @@ size_t PimAcceleratorMemory::getValueAddress(mlir::Value value,
       compiledIt = compiledAddressExprs.try_emplace(value, *compiledExpr).first;
     }
 
-  auto resolvedAddress = compiledIt->second.evaluate(knowledge, lane);
+    resolvedAddress = compiledIt->second.evaluate(knowledge, lane);
     if (failed(resolvedAddress)) {
       errs() << "Failed to evaluate contiguous address for value: ";
       value.print(errs());
@@ -440,6 +443,7 @@ size_t PimAcceleratorMemory::getValueAddress(mlir::Value value,
       }
       llvm_unreachable("Failed to resolve contiguous address");
     }
+  }
 
   MemoryValueKey key = getMemoryValueKey(resolvedAddress->base, lane);
   auto iter = memEntriesMap.find(key);
@@ -1114,7 +1118,9 @@ enum class CompiledCoreOpKind : uint8_t {
 struct CompiledCoreNode {
   enum class Kind : uint8_t {
     Op,
-    Loop
+    Loop,
+    If,
+    IndexSwitch
   };
 
   Kind kind = Kind::Op;
@@ -1123,7 +1129,13 @@ struct CompiledCoreNode {
   CompiledIndexExpr lowerBound;
   CompiledIndexExpr upperBound;
   CompiledIndexExpr step;
+  CompiledIndexExpr condition;
   std::unique_ptr<llvm::SmallVector<CompiledCoreNode, 8>> loopBody;
+  std::unique_ptr<llvm::SmallVector<CompiledCoreNode, 8>> thenBody;
+  std::unique_ptr<llvm::SmallVector<CompiledCoreNode, 8>> elseBody;
+  llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> caseValues;
+  llvm::SmallVector<std::unique_ptr<llvm::SmallVector<CompiledCoreNode, 8>>> caseBodies;
+  std::unique_ptr<llvm::SmallVector<CompiledCoreNode, 8>> defaultBody;
 };
 
 static FailureOr<CompiledCoreOpKind> classifyCompiledCoreOpKind(Operation& op) {
@@ -1201,6 +1213,53 @@ compileCoreEmissionPlan(Block& block, Operation* weightOwner, llvm::SmallVectorI
       continue;
     }
 
+    if (auto ifOp = dyn_cast<mlir::scf::IfOp>(op)) {
+      auto condition = compileIndexExpr(ifOp.getCondition());
+      if (failed(condition)) {
+        ifOp.emitOpError("requires statically evaluable scf.if condition for PIM codegen");
+        return failure();
+      }
+
+      CompiledCoreNode ifNode;
+      ifNode.kind = CompiledCoreNode::Kind::If;
+      ifNode.op = ifOp.getOperation();
+      ifNode.condition = *condition;
+      ifNode.thenBody = std::make_unique<llvm::SmallVector<CompiledCoreNode, 8>>();
+      if (failed(compileCoreEmissionPlan(ifOp.getThenRegion().front(), weightOwner, *ifNode.thenBody)))
+        return failure();
+      ifNode.elseBody = std::make_unique<llvm::SmallVector<CompiledCoreNode, 8>>();
+      if (!ifOp.getElseRegion().empty())
+        if (failed(compileCoreEmissionPlan(ifOp.getElseRegion().front(), weightOwner, *ifNode.elseBody)))
+          return failure();
+      plan.push_back(std::move(ifNode));
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (auto switchOp = dyn_cast<mlir::scf::IndexSwitchOp>(op)) {
+      auto selector = compileIndexExpr(switchOp.getArg());
+      if (failed(selector)) {
+        switchOp.emitOpError("requires a statically evaluable scf.index_switch selector for PIM codegen");
+        return failure();
+      }
+      CompiledCoreNode switchNode;
+      switchNode.kind = CompiledCoreNode::Kind::IndexSwitch;
+      switchNode.op = switchOp.getOperation();
+      switchNode.condition = *selector;
+      llvm::append_range(switchNode.caseValues, switchOp.getCases());
+      for (mlir::Region& region : switchOp.getCaseRegions()) {
+        auto body = std::make_unique<llvm::SmallVector<CompiledCoreNode, 8>>();
+        if (failed(compileCoreEmissionPlan(region.front(), weightOwner, *body)))
+          return failure();
+        switchNode.caseBodies.push_back(std::move(body));
+      }
+      switchNode.defaultBody = std::make_unique<llvm::SmallVector<CompiledCoreNode, 8>>();
+      if (failed(compileCoreEmissionPlan(
+            switchOp.getDefaultRegion().front(), weightOwner, *switchNode.defaultBody)))
+        return failure();
+      plan.push_back(std::move(switchNode));
+      continue;
+    }
+
     auto opKind = classifyCompiledCoreOpKind(op);
     if (failed(opKind)) {
       InFlightDiagnostic diag = op.emitError() << "unsupported codegen for op '" << op.getName().getStringRef() << "'";
@@ -1263,6 +1322,51 @@ static LogicalResult executeCompiledCorePlan(
       continue;
     }
 
+    if (node.kind == CompiledCoreNode::Kind::If) {
+      auto condition = node.condition.evaluate(knowledge);
+      auto ifOp = cast<mlir::scf::IfOp>(node.op);
+      if (failed(condition)) {
+        ifOp.emitOpError("requires statically evaluable scf.if condition for PIM codegen");
+        return failure();
+      }
+
+      const auto& selectedBody = *condition != 0 ? node.thenBody : node.elseBody;
+      if (selectedBody && failed(executeCompiledCorePlan(*selectedBody,
+                                                         coreCodeGen,
+                                                         knowledge,
+                                                         resolveWeightSlot,
+                                                         processedOperations,
+                                                         batchLane,
+                                                         batchLaneCount)))
+        return failure();
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (node.kind == CompiledCoreNode::Kind::IndexSwitch) {
+      auto selector = node.condition.evaluate(knowledge);
+      auto switchOp = cast<mlir::scf::IndexSwitchOp>(node.op);
+      if (failed(selector)) {
+        switchOp.emitOpError("requires a statically evaluable scf.index_switch selector for PIM codegen");
+        return failure();
+      }
+      const llvm::SmallVectorImpl<CompiledCoreNode>* selectedBody = node.defaultBody.get();
+      mlir::Region* selectedRegion = &switchOp.getDefaultRegion();
+      for (auto [index, caseValue] : llvm::enumerate(node.caseValues))
+        if (caseValue == *selector) {
+          selectedBody = node.caseBodies[index].get();
+          selectedRegion = &switchOp.getCaseRegions()[index];
+          break;
+        }
+      if (failed(executeCompiledCorePlan(*selectedBody, coreCodeGen, knowledge,
+                                         resolveWeightSlot, processedOperations,
+                                         batchLane, batchLaneCount)))
+        return failure();
+      auto yield = cast<mlir::scf::YieldOp>(selectedRegion->front().getTerminator());
+      for (auto [result, yielded] : llvm::zip(switchOp.getResults(), yield.getOperands()))
+        knowledge.aliases[result] = resolveLoopCarriedAlias(yielded, knowledge);
+      continue;
+    }
+
     switch (node.opKind) {
     case CompiledCoreOpKind::Load:
       coreCodeGen.codeGenLoadOp(cast<pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp>(node.op), knowledge);
@@ -1363,6 +1467,36 @@ static int64_t codeGenCoreOps(
   return failed(result) ? -1 : static_cast<int64_t>(processedOperations);
 }
 
+static OnnxMlirCompilerErrorCodes emitEmptyCoreArtifacts(StringRef outputDirPath, size_t emittedCoreId) {
+  std::string outputCorePath =
+    (outputDirPath + "/core_" + std::to_string(emittedCoreId) + ".pim").str();
+  std::error_code errorCode;
+  raw_fd_ostream coreBinaryStream(outputCorePath, errorCode, sys::fs::OF_None);
+  if (errorCode) {
+    errs() << "Error while opening core file `" << outputCorePath << "`: " << errorCode.message() << '\n';
+    return InvalidOutputFileAccess;
+  }
+
+  pim_binary::writeHeader(coreBinaryStream);
+  pim_binary::patchInstructionCount(coreBinaryStream, 0);
+  coreBinaryStream.close();
+
+  if (!pimEmitJson.getValue())
+    return CompilerSuccess;
+
+  std::string outputCoreJsonPath =
+    (outputDirPath + "/core_" + std::to_string(emittedCoreId) + ".json").str();
+  errorCode = std::error_code();
+  raw_fd_ostream coreJsonStream(outputCoreJsonPath, errorCode);
+  if (errorCode) {
+    errs() << "Error while opening core json file `" << outputCoreJsonPath << "`: " << errorCode.message() << '\n';
+    return InvalidOutputFileAccess;
+  }
+  coreJsonStream << "[]";
+  coreJsonStream.close();
+  return CompilerSuccess;
+}
+
 OnnxMlirCompilerErrorCodes onnx_mlir::compileToPimCode(ModuleOp& moduleOp, std::string& outputDirPath) {
   if (!outputDirPath.empty()) {
     if (auto error = sys::fs::create_directory(outputDirPath)) {
@@ -1607,6 +1741,13 @@ OnnxMlirCompilerErrorCodes onnx_mlir::compileToPimCode(ModuleOp& moduleOp, std::
     if (jobResults[jobIndex].status != CompilerSuccess)
       return jobResults[jobIndex].status;
 
+  if (jobs.empty()) {
+    if (auto err = emitEmptyCoreArtifacts(outputDirPath, 0))
+      return err;
+    xbarsPerArrayGroup["core0"] = json::Array {};
+    memory.recordCoreReport(0, MemoryReportRow {});
+  }
+
   llvm::SmallVector<WeightFileRequest, 8> weightRequests;
   weightRequests.reserve(jobs.size());
   for (size_t jobIndex = 0; jobIndex < jobs.size(); ++jobIndex) {

src/PIM/Compiler/PimCompilerOptions.cpp

@@ -57,6 +57,20 @@ llvm::cl::opt<PimConvLoweringType> pimConvLowering(
   llvm::cl::init(PimConvLoweringAuto),
   llvm::cl::cat(OnnxMlirOptions));
 
+llvm::cl::opt<PimSpatialDataflowExportType> pimExportSpatialDataflow(
+  "pim-export-spatial-dataflow",
+  llvm::cl::desc("Emit Gephi-importable CSV dataflow reports for Spatial pipeline snapshots"),
+  llvm::cl::values(clEnumValN(SpatialDataflowExportNone, "none", "Do not emit Spatial dataflow CSV reports")),
+  llvm::cl::values(
+    clEnumValN(SpatialDataflowExportSpatial1, "spatial1", "Emit spatial1 graph dataflow CSV reports")),
+  llvm::cl::values(
+    clEnumValN(SpatialDataflowExportSpatial2, "spatial2", "Emit spatial2 scheduled dataflow CSV reports")),
+  llvm::cl::values(
+    clEnumValN(SpatialDataflowExportSpatial3, "spatial3", "Emit spatial3 realized dataflow CSV reports")),
+  llvm::cl::values(clEnumValN(SpatialDataflowExportAll, "all", "Emit all Spatial dataflow CSV reports")),
+  llvm::cl::init(SpatialDataflowExportNone),
+  llvm::cl::cat(OnnxMlirOptions));
+
 llvm::cl::opt<bool>
   pimOnlyCodegen("pim-only-codegen",
                  llvm::cl::desc("Only generate code for PIM (assume input is already in bufferized PIM IR)"),

src/PIM/Compiler/PimCompilerOptions.hpp

@@ -42,11 +42,20 @@ typedef enum {
   PimConvLoweringTiled2D = 8,
 } PimConvLoweringType;
 
+typedef enum {
+  SpatialDataflowExportNone = 0,
+  SpatialDataflowExportSpatial1 = 1,
+  SpatialDataflowExportSpatial2 = 2,
+  SpatialDataflowExportSpatial3 = 3,
+  SpatialDataflowExportAll = 4,
+} PimSpatialDataflowExportType;
+
 extern llvm::cl::OptionCategory OnnxMlirOptions;
 extern llvm::cl::opt<PimEmissionTargetType> pimEmissionTarget;
 extern llvm::cl::opt<PimMergeSchedulerType> pimMergeScheduler;
 extern llvm::cl::opt<PimMemoryReportLevel> pimMemoryReport;
 extern llvm::cl::opt<PimConvLoweringType> pimConvLowering;
+extern llvm::cl::opt<PimSpatialDataflowExportType> pimExportSpatialDataflow;
 
 extern llvm::cl::opt<bool> pimOnlyCodegen;
 extern llvm::cl::opt<bool> pimDisableMemoryCoalescing;

src/PIM/Compiler/PimMemoryLiveness.cpp

@@ -291,7 +291,26 @@ computeMemoryTouchInterval(memref::AllocOp allocOp, const OperationOrdering& ord
 
       if (auto yieldOp = dyn_cast<scf::YieldOp>(user)) {
         auto forOp = dyn_cast<scf::ForOp>(yieldOp->getParentOp());
-        if (!forOp) {
+        auto ifOp = dyn_cast<scf::IfOp>(yieldOp->getParentOp());
+        auto indexSwitch = dyn_cast<scf::IndexSwitchOp>(yieldOp->getParentOp());
+        if (ifOp) {
+          for (auto [index, operand] : llvm::enumerate(yieldOp.getOperands())) {
+            if (operand != value)
+              continue;
+            pendingValues.push_back(ifOp.getResult(index));
+            appendAliasDescription(interval.aliasesFollowed, ifOp.getResult(index));
+          }
+        }
+        else if (indexSwitch) {
+          for (auto [index, operand] : llvm::enumerate(yieldOp.getOperands())) {
+            if (operand != value)
+              continue;
+            pendingValues.push_back(indexSwitch.getResult(index));
+            appendAliasDescription(interval.aliasesFollowed,
+                                   indexSwitch.getResult(index));
+          }
+        }
+        else if (!forOp) {
           addFallbackReason(interval.fallbackReason, "yield without scf.for parent");
         }
         else {

src/PIM/Conversion/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
 add_subdirectory(ONNXToSpatial)
-add_subdirectory(SpatialToGraphviz)
 add_subdirectory(SpatialToPim)

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ add_pim_library(OMONNXToSpatial
   Patterns/Post.cpp
   Patterns/GeneratedConversion.cpp
   Patterns/Math/Conv.cpp
+  Patterns/Math/ConvGeometry.cpp
   Patterns/Math/Elementwise.cpp
   Patterns/Math/Gemm.cpp
   Patterns/Math/MatMul.cpp
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ add_pim_library(OMONNXToSpatial
   Patterns/NN/Sigmoid.cpp
   Patterns/NN/Softmax.cpp
   Patterns/Tensor/Concat.cpp
+  Patterns/Tensor/Flatten.cpp
   Patterns/Tensor/Gather.cpp
   Patterns/Tensor/Resize.cpp
   Patterns/Tensor/Reshape.cpp
@@ -29,8 +31,10 @@ add_pim_library(OMONNXToSpatial
   SpatialLayoutPlanningPass.cpp
   LowerSpatialPlansPass.cpp
   Common/AttributeUtils.cpp
+  Common/BiasAddUtils.cpp
   Common/ComputeRegionBuilder.cpp
-  Common/IndexingUtils.cpp
+  Common/MatrixProductLowering.cpp
+  Common/RowStripLayoutUtils.cpp
   Common/ShapeTilingUtils.cpp
   Common/WeightMaterialization.cpp
 

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/BiasAddUtils.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinAttributes.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
+
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ShapeUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/CompileTime.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/BiasAddUtils.hpp"
+
+using namespace mlir;
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+
+LogicalResult isSupportedBiasAddShape(RankedTensorType biasType, RankedTensorType resultType) {
+  if (!biasType || !resultType || !biasType.hasStaticShape() || !resultType.hasStaticShape())
+    return failure();
+  if (resultType.getRank() != 4)
+    return failure();
+  if (biasType.getElementType() != resultType.getElementType())
+    return failure();
+
+  const int64_t channels = resultType.getDimSize(1);
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> shape = biasType.getShape();
+  if (shape.empty())
+    return success();
+  if (shape.size() == 1)
+    return success(shape[0] == channels);
+  if (shape.size() == 2)
+    return success(shape[0] == 1 && shape[1] == channels);
+  if (shape.size() == 4)
+    return success(shape[0] == 1 && shape[1] == channels && shape[2] == 1 && shape[3] == 1);
+  return failure();
+}
+
+FailureOr<SmallVector<Attribute>> getBiasChannelValues(DenseElementsAttr denseAttr, RankedTensorType resultType) {
+  auto biasType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(denseAttr.getType());
+  if (!biasType || failed(isSupportedBiasAddShape(biasType, resultType)))
+    return failure();
+
+  const int64_t channels = resultType.getDimSize(1);
+  if (denseAttr.isSplat()) {
+    return SmallVector<Attribute>(channels, denseAttr.getSplatValue<Attribute>());
+  }
+
+  SmallVector<Attribute> flattened(denseAttr.getValues<Attribute>());
+  if (biasType.getRank() == 1)
+    return flattened;
+  if (biasType.getRank() == 2)
+    return flattened;
+
+  SmallVector<Attribute> channelValues;
+  channelValues.reserve(channels);
+  const int64_t channelStride = biasType.getDimSize(2) * biasType.getDimSize(3);
+  for (int64_t channel = 0; channel < channels; ++channel)
+    channelValues.push_back(flattened[channel * channelStride]);
+  return channelValues;
+}
+
+bool isSupportedBiasAddValue(Value bias, RankedTensorType resultType, DenseElementsAttr* denseAttr) {
+  auto attr = getHostConstDenseElementsAttr(bias);
+  if (!attr)
+    return false;
+  auto biasType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(attr.getType());
+  if (!biasType || failed(isSupportedBiasAddShape(biasType, resultType)))
+    return false;
+  if (failed(getBiasChannelValues(attr, resultType)))
+    return false;
+  if (denseAttr)
+    *denseAttr = attr;
+  return true;
+}
+
+FailureOr<BiasAddPlanCandidate> classifyBiasAddPlanCandidate(Value lhs, Value rhs, RankedTensorType resultType) {
+  auto lhsType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(lhs.getType());
+  auto rhsType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(rhs.getType());
+  if (!lhsType || !rhsType)
+    return failure();
+  if (lhsType == resultType && isSupportedBiasAddValue(rhs, resultType))
+    return BiasAddPlanCandidate {lhs, rhs};
+  if (rhsType == resultType && isSupportedBiasAddValue(lhs, resultType))
+    return BiasAddPlanCandidate {rhs, lhs};
+  return failure();
+}
+
+FailureOr<Value>
+materializeDenseBiasAddTensor(Value bias, RankedTensorType resultType, RewriterBase& rewriter, Location loc) {
+  DenseElementsAttr denseAttr;
+  if (!isSupportedBiasAddValue(bias, resultType, &denseAttr))
+    return failure();
+
+  FailureOr<SmallVector<Attribute>> channelValues = getBiasChannelValues(denseAttr, resultType);
+  if (failed(channelValues))
+    return failure();
+
+  SmallVector<Attribute> resultValues;
+  resultValues.reserve(resultType.getNumElements());
+  const int64_t batches = resultType.getDimSize(0);
+  const int64_t channels = resultType.getDimSize(1);
+  const int64_t height = resultType.getDimSize(2);
+  const int64_t width = resultType.getDimSize(3);
+  for (int64_t n = 0; n < batches; ++n)
+    for (int64_t c = 0; c < channels; ++c)
+      for (int64_t h = 0; h < height; ++h)
+        for (int64_t w = 0; w < width; ++w)
+          resultValues.push_back((*channelValues)[c]);
+
+  auto resultAttr = DenseElementsAttr::get(resultType, resultValues);
+  return getOrCreateConstant(rewriter, rewriter.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp(), resultAttr, resultType);
+}
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/BiasAddUtils.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinAttributes.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/PatternMatch.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Value.h"
+#include "mlir/Support/LogicalResult.h"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+
+struct BiasAddPlanCandidate {
+  mlir::Value data;
+  mlir::Value bias;
+};
+
+mlir::LogicalResult isSupportedBiasAddShape(mlir::RankedTensorType biasType, mlir::RankedTensorType resultType);
+bool isSupportedBiasAddValue(mlir::Value bias,
+                             mlir::RankedTensorType resultType,
+                             mlir::DenseElementsAttr* denseAttr = nullptr);
+mlir::FailureOr<llvm::SmallVector<mlir::Attribute>>
+getBiasChannelValues(mlir::DenseElementsAttr denseAttr, mlir::RankedTensorType resultType);
+mlir::FailureOr<BiasAddPlanCandidate> classifyBiasAddPlanCandidate(mlir::Value lhs,
+                                                                   mlir::Value rhs,
+                                                                   mlir::RankedTensorType resultType);
+mlir::FailureOr<mlir::Value> materializeDenseBiasAddTensor(mlir::Value bias,
+                                                           mlir::RankedTensorType resultType,
+                                                           mlir::RewriterBase& rewriter,
+                                                           mlir::Location loc);
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/Common.hpp

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 
 #include "AttributeUtils.hpp"
 #include "ComputeRegionBuilder.hpp"
-#include "IndexingUtils.hpp"
+#include "MatrixProductLowering.hpp"
 #include "ShapeTilingUtils.hpp"
 #include "WeightMaterialization.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/TensorSliceUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
 #include "src/Dialect/ONNX/ONNXOps.hpp"

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/ComputeRegionBuilder.hpp

@@ -60,6 +60,56 @@ struct SpatComputeBatchBodyArgs {
   mlir::ValueRange outputs;
 };
 
+inline mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Type> getGraphComputeBlockArgTypes(mlir::ValueRange weights, mlir::ValueRange inputs) {
+  mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Type> blockArgTypes;
+  blockArgTypes.reserve(weights.size() + inputs.size());
+  for (mlir::Value weight : weights)
+    blockArgTypes.push_back(weight.getType());
+  for (mlir::Value input : inputs)
+    blockArgTypes.push_back(input.getType());
+  return blockArgTypes;
+}
+
+inline mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Location> getGraphComputeBlockArgLocs(mlir::Location defaultLoc,
+                                                                     mlir::ValueRange weights,
+                                                                     mlir::ValueRange inputs) {
+  mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Location> blockArgLocs;
+  blockArgLocs.reserve(weights.size() + inputs.size());
+  for (mlir::Value weight : weights)
+    blockArgLocs.push_back(weight.getLoc());
+  for (mlir::Value input : inputs)
+    blockArgLocs.push_back(input.getLoc());
+  return blockArgLocs;
+}
+
+inline mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Type> getGraphComputeBatchBlockArgTypes(mlir::OpBuilder& builder,
+                                                                       mlir::TypeRange resultTypes,
+                                                                       mlir::ValueRange weights,
+                                                                       mlir::ValueRange inputs) {
+  mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Type> blockArgTypes {builder.getIndexType()};
+  blockArgTypes.reserve(1 + weights.size() + inputs.size() + resultTypes.size());
+  for (mlir::Value weight : weights)
+    blockArgTypes.push_back(weight.getType());
+  for (mlir::Value input : inputs)
+    blockArgTypes.push_back(input.getType());
+  llvm::append_range(blockArgTypes, resultTypes);
+  return blockArgTypes;
+}
+
+inline mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Location> getGraphComputeBatchBlockArgLocs(mlir::Location defaultLoc,
+                                                                          mlir::TypeRange resultTypes,
+                                                                          mlir::ValueRange weights,
+                                                                          mlir::ValueRange inputs) {
+  mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Location> blockArgLocs {defaultLoc};
+  blockArgLocs.reserve(1 + weights.size() + inputs.size() + resultTypes.size());
+  for (mlir::Value weight : weights)
+    blockArgLocs.push_back(weight.getLoc());
+  for (mlir::Value input : inputs)
+    blockArgLocs.push_back(input.getLoc());
+  blockArgLocs.append(resultTypes.size(), defaultLoc);
+  return blockArgLocs;
+}
+
 } // namespace detail
 
 template <typename RewriterT>
@@ -87,6 +137,31 @@ inline mlir::Value createSpatConcat(RewriterT& rewriter, mlir::Location loc, int
   return spatial::SpatConcatOp::create(rewriter, loc, outputType, rewriter.getI64IntegerAttr(axis), inputs).getOutput();
 }
 
+template <typename RewriterT>
+spatial::SpatGraphCompute createEmptySpatGraphCompute(RewriterT& rewriter,
+                                                      mlir::Location loc,
+                                                      mlir::TypeRange resultTypes,
+                                                      mlir::ValueRange weights,
+                                                      mlir::ValueRange inputs,
+                                                      mlir::TypeRange blockArgTypes,
+                                                      llvm::ArrayRef<mlir::Location> blockArgLocs) {
+  auto computeOp = spatial::SpatGraphCompute::create(rewriter, loc, resultTypes, weights, inputs);
+  rewriter.createBlock(&computeOp.getBody(), computeOp.getBody().end(), blockArgTypes, blockArgLocs);
+  rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(&computeOp.getBody().front());
+  return computeOp;
+}
+
+template <typename RewriterT>
+spatial::SpatGraphCompute createEmptySpatGraphCompute(RewriterT& rewriter,
+                                                      mlir::Location loc,
+                                                      mlir::TypeRange resultTypes,
+                                                      mlir::ValueRange weights,
+                                                      mlir::ValueRange inputs) {
+  auto blockArgTypes = detail::getGraphComputeBlockArgTypes(weights, inputs);
+  auto blockArgLocs = detail::getGraphComputeBlockArgLocs(loc, weights, inputs);
+  return createEmptySpatGraphCompute(rewriter, loc, resultTypes, weights, inputs, blockArgTypes, blockArgLocs);
+}
+
 /// Builds a `spat.graph_compute` with a fixed number of SSA inputs and erases it if
 /// the body callback reports failure.
 template <size_t NumInputs, typename RewriterT, typename BodyFn>
@@ -97,16 +172,8 @@ auto createSpatGraphCompute(RewriterT& rewriter,
                             mlir::ValueRange inputs,
                             BodyFn&& body) {
   assert(inputs.size() == NumInputs && "NumInputs must match the number of input values");
-  auto computeOp = spatial::SpatGraphCompute::create(rewriter, loc, resultTypes, weights, inputs);
-
-  auto* block = new mlir::Block();
-  for (mlir::Value weight : weights)
-    block->addArgument(weight.getType(), loc);
-  for (mlir::Value input : inputs)
-    block->addArgument(input.getType(), loc);
-
-  computeOp.getBody().push_back(block);
-  rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(block);
+  auto computeOp = createEmptySpatGraphCompute(rewriter, loc, resultTypes, weights, inputs);
+  auto* block = &computeOp.getBody().front();
 
   using BodyResult = detail::InvokeWithBlockArgsResultT<std::decay_t<BodyFn>, std::make_index_sequence<NumInputs>>;
   if constexpr (std::is_same_v<BodyResult, void>) {
@@ -140,16 +207,8 @@ auto createSpatGraphCompute(RewriterT& rewriter,
                             mlir::ValueRange weights,
                             mlir::ValueRange inputs,
                             BodyFn&& body) {
-  auto computeOp = spatial::SpatGraphCompute::create(rewriter, loc, resultTypes, weights, inputs);
-
-  auto* block = new mlir::Block();
-  for (mlir::Value weight : weights)
-    block->addArgument(weight.getType(), loc);
-  for (mlir::Value input : inputs)
-    block->addArgument(input.getType(), loc);
-
-  computeOp.getBody().push_back(block);
-  rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(block);
+  auto computeOp = createEmptySpatGraphCompute(rewriter, loc, resultTypes, weights, inputs);
+  auto* block = &computeOp.getBody().front();
 
   using BodyResult = detail::InvokeWithValueRangeResultT<std::decay_t<BodyFn>>;
   if constexpr (std::is_same_v<BodyResult, void>) {
@@ -170,14 +229,15 @@ auto createSpatGraphCompute(RewriterT& rewriter,
   }
 }
 
-template <typename RewriterT, typename BodyFn>
-auto createSpatGraphComputeBatch(RewriterT& rewriter,
+template <typename RewriterT>
+auto createEmptySpatGraphComputeBatch(RewriterT& rewriter,
                                       mlir::Location loc,
                                       mlir::TypeRange resultTypes,
                                       int64_t laneCount,
                                       mlir::ValueRange weights,
                                       mlir::ValueRange inputs,
-                                 BodyFn&& body) {
+                                      mlir::TypeRange blockArgTypes,
+                                      llvm::ArrayRef<mlir::Location> blockArgLocs) {
   if (laneCount <= 0 || laneCount > std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max())
     return mlir::FailureOr<spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch>(mlir::failure());
 
@@ -186,27 +246,36 @@ auto createSpatGraphComputeBatch(RewriterT& rewriter,
     return mlir::FailureOr<spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch>(mlir::failure());
 
   auto batchOp = spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch::create(rewriter, loc, resultTypes, *laneCountAttr, weights, inputs);
-
-  mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Type> blockArgTypes {rewriter.getIndexType()};
-  mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Location> blockArgLocs {loc};
-  blockArgTypes.reserve(1 + weights.size() + inputs.size() + resultTypes.size());
-  blockArgLocs.reserve(1 + weights.size() + inputs.size() + resultTypes.size());
-  for (mlir::Value weight : weights) {
-    blockArgTypes.push_back(weight.getType());
-    blockArgLocs.push_back(weight.getLoc());
-  }
-  for (mlir::Value input : inputs) {
-    blockArgTypes.push_back(input.getType());
-    blockArgLocs.push_back(input.getLoc());
-  }
-  for (mlir::Type resultType : resultTypes) {
-    blockArgTypes.push_back(resultType);
-    blockArgLocs.push_back(loc);
+  rewriter.createBlock(&batchOp.getBody(), batchOp.getBody().end(), blockArgTypes, blockArgLocs);
+  rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(&batchOp.getBody().front());
+  return mlir::FailureOr<spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch>(batchOp);
 }
 
-  auto* block =
-    rewriter.createBlock(&batchOp.getBody(), batchOp.getBody().end(), mlir::TypeRange(blockArgTypes), blockArgLocs);
-  rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(block);
+template <typename RewriterT>
+auto createEmptySpatGraphComputeBatch(RewriterT& rewriter,
+                                      mlir::Location loc,
+                                      mlir::TypeRange resultTypes,
+                                      int64_t laneCount,
+                                      mlir::ValueRange weights,
+                                      mlir::ValueRange inputs) {
+  auto blockArgTypes = detail::getGraphComputeBatchBlockArgTypes(rewriter, resultTypes, weights, inputs);
+  auto blockArgLocs = detail::getGraphComputeBatchBlockArgLocs(loc, resultTypes, weights, inputs);
+  return createEmptySpatGraphComputeBatch(
+    rewriter, loc, resultTypes, laneCount, weights, inputs, blockArgTypes, blockArgLocs);
+}
+
+template <typename RewriterT, typename BodyFn>
+auto createSpatGraphComputeBatch(RewriterT& rewriter,
+                                 mlir::Location loc,
+                                 mlir::TypeRange resultTypes,
+                                 int64_t laneCount,
+                                 mlir::ValueRange weights,
+                                 mlir::ValueRange inputs,
+                                 BodyFn&& body) {
+  auto batchOp = createEmptySpatGraphComputeBatch(rewriter, loc, resultTypes, laneCount, weights, inputs);
+  if (failed(batchOp))
+    return mlir::FailureOr<spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch>(mlir::failure());
+  auto* block = &(*batchOp).getBody().front();
 
   detail::SpatComputeBatchBodyArgs args {
     block->getArgument(0),
@@ -217,18 +286,18 @@ auto createSpatGraphComputeBatch(RewriterT& rewriter,
   using BodyResult = std::invoke_result_t<BodyFn, detail::SpatComputeBatchBodyArgs>;
   if constexpr (std::is_same_v<BodyResult, void>) {
     std::forward<BodyFn>(body)(args);
-    rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(batchOp);
-    return mlir::FailureOr<spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch>(batchOp);
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(*batchOp);
+    return batchOp;
   }
   else {
     auto bodyResult = std::forward<BodyFn>(body)(args);
     if (mlir::failed(bodyResult)) {
-      rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(batchOp);
-      rewriter.eraseOp(batchOp);
+      rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(*batchOp);
+      rewriter.eraseOp(*batchOp);
       return mlir::FailureOr<spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch>(mlir::failure());
     }
-    rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(batchOp);
-    return mlir::FailureOr<spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch>(batchOp);
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(*batchOp);
+    return batchOp;
   }
 }
 
@@ -277,6 +346,52 @@ inline void createParallelInsertSliceIntoBatchOutput(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewr
   mlir::tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp::create(rewriter, loc, source, dest, offsets, sizes, strides);
 }
 
+inline void publishGraphBatchPhysicalFragment(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                                              mlir::Location loc,
+                                              mlir::Value fragment,
+                                              mlir::Value output,
+                                              mlir::Value physicalSlot) {
+  auto fragmentType = mlir::cast<mlir::RankedTensorType>(fragment.getType());
+  mlir::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> offsets {physicalSlot};
+  mlir::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> sizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1)};
+  mlir::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> strides {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1)};
+  for (int64_t dim : fragmentType.getShape()) {
+    offsets.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(0));
+    sizes.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(dim));
+    strides.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(1));
+  }
+  createParallelInsertSliceIntoBatchOutput(rewriter, loc, fragment, output, offsets, sizes, strides);
+}
+
+inline mlir::FailureOr<mlir::Value>
+extractGraphBatchPhysicalFragment(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                                  mlir::Location loc,
+                                  mlir::Value physicalBatch,
+                                  mlir::OpFoldResult slot,
+                                  mlir::RankedTensorType fragmentType) {
+  if (fragmentType.getRank() == 0)
+    return mlir::failure();
+  auto physicalType = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::RankedTensorType>(physicalBatch.getType());
+  if (!physicalType || physicalType.getRank() != fragmentType.getRank() + 1)
+    return mlir::failure();
+  mlir::SmallVector<int64_t> selectedShape {1};
+  llvm::append_range(selectedShape, fragmentType.getShape());
+  auto selectedType = mlir::RankedTensorType::get(selectedShape, fragmentType.getElementType(), fragmentType.getEncoding());
+  mlir::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> offsets {slot};
+  mlir::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> sizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1)};
+  mlir::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> strides {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1)};
+  for (int64_t dim : fragmentType.getShape()) {
+    offsets.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(0));
+    sizes.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(dim));
+    strides.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(1));
+  }
+  mlir::Value selected = mlir::tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(rewriter, loc, selectedType, physicalBatch, offsets, sizes, strides);
+  mlir::SmallVector<mlir::ReassociationIndices> reassociation {{0, 1}};
+  for (int64_t dim = 2; dim <= fragmentType.getRank(); ++dim)
+    reassociation.push_back({dim});
+  return mlir::tensor::CollapseShapeOp::create(rewriter, loc, fragmentType, selected, reassociation).getResult();
+}
+
 template <typename BodyFn>
 mlir::Value materializeOrComputeUnary(mlir::Value input,
                                       mlir::RankedTensorType resultType,

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/MatrixProductLowering.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include "MatrixProductLowering.hpp"
+
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
+
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/Common.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
+
+using namespace mlir;
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+
+Value createZeroPaddedTensor(Value value, RankedTensorType resultType, PatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc) {
+  auto sourceType = cast<RankedTensorType>(value.getType());
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> lowPads(sourceType.getRank(), rewriter.getIndexAttr(0));
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> highPads;
+  highPads.reserve(sourceType.getRank());
+  for (auto [sourceDim, resultDim] : llvm::zip(sourceType.getShape(), resultType.getShape()))
+    highPads.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(resultDim - sourceDim));
+
+  auto padOp = tensor::PadOp::create(rewriter, loc, resultType, value, lowPads, highPads);
+  auto* padBlock = new Block();
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < sourceType.getRank(); ++i)
+    padBlock->addArgument(rewriter.getIndexType(), loc);
+  padOp.getRegion().push_back(padBlock);
+  rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(padBlock);
+  auto zero = getOrCreateConstant(
+    rewriter, padOp.getOperation(), rewriter.getZeroAttr(sourceType.getElementType()), sourceType.getElementType());
+  tensor::YieldOp::create(rewriter, loc, zero);
+  rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(padOp);
+  return padOp.getResult();
+}
+
+Value createPaddedInputCompute(Value input,
+                               RankedTensorType paddedInputType,
+                               PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                               Location loc) {
+  auto inputType = cast<RankedTensorType>(input.getType());
+  if (inputType == paddedInputType)
+    return input;
+
+  auto computeOp = createSpatCompute<1>(rewriter, loc, TypeRange {paddedInputType}, {}, input, [&](Value computeInput) {
+    Value paddedInput = createZeroPaddedTensor(computeInput, paddedInputType, rewriter, loc);
+    spatial::SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, loc, paddedInput);
+  });
+  return computeOp.getResult(0);
+}
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/MatrixProductLowering.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Location.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Value.h"
+#include "mlir/Transforms/DialectConversion.h"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+
+mlir::Value createZeroPaddedTensor(mlir::Value value,
+                                   mlir::RankedTensorType resultType,
+                                   mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                                   mlir::Location loc);
+
+mlir::Value createPaddedInputCompute(mlir::Value input,
+                                     mlir::RankedTensorType paddedInputType,
+                                     mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                                     mlir::Location loc);
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/RowStripLayoutUtils.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/AffineUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/BiasAddUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/Common.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/RowStripLayoutUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
+#include "src/Dialect/ONNX/ONNXOps.hpp"
+
+using namespace mlir;
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+
+RankedTensorType getRowStripFragmentType(RankedTensorType logicalType) {
+  return RankedTensorType::get({logicalType.getDimSize(0), logicalType.getDimSize(1), 1, logicalType.getDimSize(3)},
+                               logicalType.getElementType(),
+                               logicalType.getEncoding());
+}
+
+RankedTensorType getRowStripStorageType(RankedTensorType logicalType) {
+  return spatial::getGraphBatchPhysicalResultType(logicalType.getDimSize(2), getRowStripFragmentType(logicalType));
+}
+
+std::pair<SmallVector<int64_t>, SmallVector<int64_t>> buildRowStripMetadata(RankedTensorType type) {
+  SmallVector<int64_t> offsets;
+  SmallVector<int64_t> sizes;
+  const int64_t channels = type.getDimSize(1);
+  const int64_t height = type.getDimSize(2);
+  const int64_t width = type.getDimSize(3);
+  offsets.reserve(height * 4);
+  sizes.reserve(height * 4);
+  for (int64_t row = 0; row < height; ++row) {
+    offsets.append({0, 0, row, 0});
+    sizes.append({1, channels, 1, width});
+  }
+  return {offsets, sizes};
+}
+
+Value extractRowStripFragment(Value storage,
+                              RankedTensorType logicalType,
+                              OpFoldResult row,
+                              PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                              Location loc) {
+  return *extractGraphBatchPhysicalFragment(rewriter, loc, storage, row, getRowStripFragmentType(logicalType));
+}
+
+void insertRowStripFragment(Value fragment,
+                            Value output,
+                            RankedTensorType logicalType,
+                            OpFoldResult row,
+                            PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                            Location loc) {
+  assert(fragment.getType() == getRowStripFragmentType(logicalType));
+  assert(output.getType() == getRowStripStorageType(logicalType));
+  auto slot = dyn_cast<Value>(row);
+  assert(slot && "row-strip graph publication requires a dynamic physical slot");
+  publishGraphBatchPhysicalFragment(rewriter, loc, fragment, output, slot);
+}
+
+FailureOr<Value> createPerChannelConstantFragment(DenseElementsAttr denseAttr,
+                                                  RankedTensorType fragmentType,
+                                                  PatternRewriter& rewriter) {
+  FailureOr<SmallVector<Attribute>> channelValues = getBiasChannelValues(denseAttr, fragmentType);
+  if (failed(channelValues))
+    return failure();
+
+  SmallVector<Attribute> values;
+  values.reserve(fragmentType.getNumElements());
+  for (int64_t n = 0; n < fragmentType.getDimSize(0); ++n)
+    for (int64_t channel = 0; channel < fragmentType.getDimSize(1); ++channel)
+      for (int64_t h = 0; h < fragmentType.getDimSize(2); ++h)
+        for (int64_t w = 0; w < fragmentType.getDimSize(3); ++w)
+          values.push_back((*channelValues)[channel]);
+
+  auto attr = DenseElementsAttr::get(fragmentType, values);
+  return getOrCreateConstant(rewriter, rewriter.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp(), attr, fragmentType);
+}
+
+FailureOr<Value> createRowStripStorageFromRows(Value rows,
+                                               RankedTensorType logicalType,
+                                               PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                                               Location loc) {
+  auto rowsType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(rows.getType());
+  if (!rowsType || !rowsType.hasStaticShape() || rowsType.getRank() != 2)
+    return failure();
+  if (!logicalType || !logicalType.hasStaticShape() || logicalType.getRank() != 4)
+    return failure();
+  if (logicalType.getDimSize(0) != 1)
+    return failure();
+  if (rowsType.getElementType() != logicalType.getElementType())
+    return failure();
+
+  const int64_t channels = logicalType.getDimSize(1);
+  const int64_t height = logicalType.getDimSize(2);
+  const int64_t width = logicalType.getDimSize(3);
+  if (rowsType.getDimSize(0) != height * width)
+    return failure();
+  if (rowsType.getDimSize(1) != channels)
+    return failure();
+
+  auto rowSliceType = RankedTensorType::get({width, channels}, logicalType.getElementType(), rowsType.getEncoding());
+  auto channelWidthType = RankedTensorType::get({channels, width}, logicalType.getElementType(), rowsType.getEncoding());
+  auto fragmentType = getRowStripFragmentType(logicalType);
+  auto storageType = getRowStripStorageType(logicalType);
+  auto batchOp = createSpatComputeBatch(
+    rewriter, loc, TypeRange {storageType}, height, {}, ValueRange {rows}, [&](detail::SpatComputeBatchBodyArgs args) {
+      Operation* anchorOp = rewriter.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp();
+      Value rowStart = affineMulConst(rewriter, loc, args.lane, width, anchorOp);
+      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> rowOffsets {rowStart, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
+      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> rowSizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(width), rewriter.getIndexAttr(channels)};
+      Value rowSlice = tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(
+        rewriter, loc, rowSliceType, args.inputs.front(), rowOffsets, rowSizes, getUnitStrides(rewriter, 2));
+      Value channelWidth = ONNXTransposeOp::create(
+        rewriter, loc, channelWidthType, rowSlice, rewriter.getI64ArrayAttr({1, 0})).getResult();
+      Value fragment = tensor::ExpandShapeOp::create(
+        rewriter, loc, fragmentType, channelWidth, SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> {{0, 1}, {2, 3}});
+      insertRowStripFragment(fragment, args.outputs.front(), logicalType, args.lane, rewriter, loc);
+      return success();
+    });
+  if (failed(batchOp))
+    return failure();
+  return batchOp->getResult(0);
+}
+
+FailureOr<Value>
+createRowStripAssemblyBlueprint(Value storage, RankedTensorType logicalType, PatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc) {
+  auto storageType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(storage.getType());
+  if (!storageType || storageType != getRowStripStorageType(logicalType))
+    return failure();
+
+  auto [offsets, sizes] = buildRowStripMetadata(logicalType);
+  int64_t height = logicalType.getDimSize(2);
+  SmallVector<int64_t> operandIndices(height, 0), sourceSlots, sourceOffsets(height, 0), strides(height * 4, 1);
+  for (int64_t row = 0; row < height; ++row)
+    sourceSlots.push_back(row);
+  return spatial::SpatBlueprintOp::create(rewriter, loc, logicalType, storage, ValueRange {},
+    rewriter.getStringAttr("nchw"), rewriter.getStringAttr("nchw_row_strip"),
+    rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(offsets), rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(sizes),
+    rewriter.getStringAttr("nchw_row_strip_fragments"), rewriter.getStringAttr("fragment_assembly"),
+    rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(operandIndices), rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(sourceSlots),
+    rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(sourceOffsets), rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(strides),
+    rewriter.getStringAttr("disjoint"), rewriter.getStringAttr("complete")).getOutput();
+}
+
+FailureOr<Value>
+applyRowStripRelu(Value storage, RankedTensorType logicalType, PatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc) {
+  auto fragmentType = getRowStripFragmentType(logicalType);
+  auto storageType = getRowStripStorageType(logicalType);
+  auto batchOp = createSpatComputeBatch(rewriter,
+                                        loc,
+                                        TypeRange {storageType},
+                                        logicalType.getDimSize(2),
+                                        {},
+                                        ValueRange {storage},
+                                        [&](detail::SpatComputeBatchBodyArgs args) {
+                                          Value fragment =
+                                            extractRowStripFragment(args.inputs.front(), logicalType, args.lane, rewriter, loc);
+                                          fragment = spatial::SpatReluOp::create(rewriter, loc, fragmentType, fragment).getResult();
+                                          insertRowStripFragment(
+                                            fragment, args.outputs.front(), logicalType, args.lane, rewriter, loc);
+                                          return success();
+                                        });
+  if (failed(batchOp))
+    return failure();
+  return batchOp->getResult(0);
+}
+
+FailureOr<Value>
+applyRowStripBiasAdd(Value storage, RankedTensorType logicalType, Value bias, PatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc) {
+  DenseElementsAttr denseAttr;
+  if (!isSupportedBiasAddValue(bias, logicalType, &denseAttr))
+    return failure();
+  auto fragmentType = getRowStripFragmentType(logicalType);
+  auto storageType = getRowStripStorageType(logicalType);
+  auto batchOp = createSpatComputeBatch(rewriter,
+                                        loc,
+                                        TypeRange {storageType},
+                                        logicalType.getDimSize(2),
+                                        {},
+                                        ValueRange {storage},
+                                        [&](detail::SpatComputeBatchBodyArgs args) {
+                                          Value fragment =
+                                            extractRowStripFragment(args.inputs.front(), logicalType, args.lane, rewriter, loc);
+                                          Value constant;
+                                          if (denseAttr.isSplat()) {
+                                            constant = getOrCreateConstant(
+                                              rewriter,
+                                              rewriter.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp(),
+                                              DenseElementsAttr::get(fragmentType, denseAttr.getSplatValue<Attribute>()),
+                                              fragmentType);
+                                          }
+                                          else {
+                                            FailureOr<Value> perChannel =
+                                              createPerChannelConstantFragment(denseAttr, fragmentType, rewriter);
+                                            if (failed(perChannel))
+                                              return failure();
+                                            constant = *perChannel;
+                                          }
+                                          fragment =
+                                            spatial::SpatVAddOp::create(rewriter, loc, fragmentType, fragment, constant).getResult();
+                                          insertRowStripFragment(
+                                            fragment, args.outputs.front(), logicalType, args.lane, rewriter, loc);
+                                          return success();
+                                        });
+  if (failed(batchOp))
+    return failure();
+  return batchOp->getResult(0);
+}
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/RowStripLayoutUtils.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinAttributes.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/PatternMatch.h"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+
+inline constexpr llvm::StringLiteral kRowStripIndexMap = "nchw_row_strip_fragments";
+
+struct RowStripPhysicalValue {
+  mlir::Value storage;
+  mlir::RankedTensorType logicalType;
+  llvm::SmallVector<int64_t, 16> fragmentOffsets;
+  llvm::SmallVector<int64_t, 16> fragmentSizes;
+};
+
+std::pair<llvm::SmallVector<int64_t>, llvm::SmallVector<int64_t>>
+buildRowStripMetadata(mlir::RankedTensorType type);
+
+mlir::RankedTensorType getRowStripFragmentType(mlir::RankedTensorType logicalType);
+
+mlir::RankedTensorType getRowStripStorageType(mlir::RankedTensorType logicalType);
+
+llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> buildRowStripFragmentOffsets(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                                                                   mlir::OpFoldResult row);
+
+llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> buildRowStripFragmentSizes(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                                                                 mlir::RankedTensorType logicalType);
+
+mlir::Value extractRowStripFragment(mlir::Value storage,
+                                    mlir::RankedTensorType logicalType,
+                                    mlir::OpFoldResult row,
+                                    mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                                    mlir::Location loc);
+
+void insertRowStripFragment(mlir::Value fragment,
+                            mlir::Value output,
+                            mlir::RankedTensorType logicalType,
+                            mlir::OpFoldResult row,
+                            mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                            mlir::Location loc);
+
+mlir::FailureOr<mlir::Value> createPerChannelConstantFragment(mlir::DenseElementsAttr denseAttr,
+                                                              mlir::RankedTensorType fragmentType,
+                                                              mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter);
+
+mlir::FailureOr<mlir::Value> createRowStripStorageFromRows(mlir::Value rows,
+                                                           mlir::RankedTensorType logicalType,
+                                                           mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                                                           mlir::Location loc);
+
+mlir::FailureOr<mlir::Value> createRowStripAssemblyBlueprint(mlir::Value storage,
+                                                               mlir::RankedTensorType logicalType,
+                                                               mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                                                               mlir::Location loc);
+
+mlir::FailureOr<mlir::Value> applyRowStripRelu(mlir::Value storage,
+                                               mlir::RankedTensorType logicalType,
+                                               mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                                               mlir::Location loc);
+
+mlir::FailureOr<mlir::Value> applyRowStripBiasAdd(mlir::Value storage,
+                                                  mlir::RankedTensorType logicalType,
+                                                  mlir::Value bias,
+                                                  mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                                                  mlir::Location loc);
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/ShapeTilingUtils.cpp

@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@
 
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
 
-#include <functional>
-
-#include "IndexingUtils.hpp"
 #include "ShapeTilingUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Compiler/PimCompilerOptions.hpp"
@@ -15,73 +12,6 @@ using namespace mlir;
 
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 
-bool hasStaticPositiveShape(ArrayRef<int64_t> shape) {
-  return llvm::all_of(shape, [](int64_t dim) { return dim > 0; });
-}
-
-bool hasStaticPositiveShape(RankedTensorType type) {
-  return type.hasStaticShape() && hasStaticPositiveShape(type.getShape());
-}
-
-int64_t getStaticShapeElementCount(ArrayRef<int64_t> shape) {
-  return std::accumulate(shape.begin(), shape.end(), int64_t {1}, std::multiplies<int64_t> {});
-}
-
-SmallVector<int64_t> permuteShape(ArrayRef<int64_t> shape, ArrayRef<int64_t> permutation) {
-  SmallVector<int64_t> permutedShape;
-  permutedShape.reserve(permutation.size());
-  for (int64_t axis : permutation)
-    permutedShape.push_back(shape[axis]);
-  return permutedShape;
-}
-
-SmallVector<int64_t> invertPermutation(ArrayRef<int64_t> permutation) {
-  SmallVector<int64_t> inversePermutation(permutation.size());
-  for (auto [newIndex, oldIndex] : llvm::enumerate(permutation))
-    inversePermutation[oldIndex] = static_cast<int64_t>(newIndex);
-  return inversePermutation;
-}
-
-FailureOr<SmallVector<int64_t>> getTransposePermutationChecked(std::optional<ArrayAttr> permAttr, int64_t rank) {
-  SmallVector<int64_t> permutation;
-  if (!permAttr) {
-    permutation.reserve(rank);
-    for (int64_t dim = rank - 1; dim >= 0; --dim)
-      permutation.push_back(dim);
-    return permutation;
-  }
-
-  if (static_cast<int64_t>(permAttr->size()) != rank)
-    return failure();
-
-  permutation.reserve(permAttr->size());
-  SmallVector<bool> seen(rank, false);
-  for (IntegerAttr attr : permAttr->getAsRange<IntegerAttr>()) {
-    int64_t axis = attr.getInt();
-    if (axis < 0 || axis >= rank || seen[axis])
-      return failure();
-    seen[axis] = true;
-    permutation.push_back(axis);
-  }
-  return permutation;
-}
-
-SmallVector<OpFoldResult> getUnitStrides(PatternRewriter& rewriter, int64_t rank) {
-  return SmallVector<OpFoldResult>(rank, rewriter.getIndexAttr(1));
-}
-
-SmallVector<OpFoldResult> getZeroOffsets(PatternRewriter& rewriter, int64_t rank) {
-  return SmallVector<OpFoldResult>(rank, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0));
-}
-
-SmallVector<OpFoldResult> getStaticSizes(PatternRewriter& rewriter, ArrayRef<int64_t> shape) {
-  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> sizes;
-  sizes.reserve(shape.size());
-  for (int64_t dim : shape)
-    sizes.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(dim));
-  return sizes;
-}
-
 SmallVector<Value> sliceTensor(
   const Value& tensorToSlice, size_t axis, int64_t sliceSize, PatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc) {
   ArrayRef<long> shape = getTensorShape(tensorToSlice);
@@ -147,33 +77,4 @@ sliceVectorPerCrossbarPerCore(const Value& vectorToSlice, PatternRewriter& rewri
   return slicesPerCore;
 }
 
-Value extractAxisSlice(
-  PatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, Value source, int64_t axis, int64_t offset, int64_t size) {
-  auto sourceType = cast<RankedTensorType>(source.getType());
-  SmallVector<int64_t> resultShape(sourceType.getShape());
-  resultShape[axis] = size;
-  auto resultType = RankedTensorType::get(resultShape, sourceType.getElementType(), sourceType.getEncoding());
-
-  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> offsets = getZeroOffsets(rewriter, sourceType.getRank());
-  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> sizes = getStaticSizes(rewriter, sourceType.getShape());
-  offsets[axis] = rewriter.getIndexAttr(offset);
-  sizes[axis] = rewriter.getIndexAttr(size);
-  return tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(
-           rewriter, loc, resultType, source, offsets, sizes, getUnitStrides(rewriter, sourceType.getRank()))
-    .getResult();
-}
-
-Value insertStaticSlice(
-  PatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, Value source, Value dest, ArrayRef<OpFoldResult> offsets) {
-  auto sourceType = cast<RankedTensorType>(source.getType());
-  return tensor::InsertSliceOp::create(rewriter,
-                                       loc,
-                                       source,
-                                       dest,
-                                       offsets,
-                                       getStaticSizes(rewriter, sourceType.getShape()),
-                                       getUnitStrides(rewriter, sourceType.getRank()))
-    .getResult();
-}
-
 } // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/ShapeTilingUtils.hpp

@@ -1,89 +1,15 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/Value.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/ValueRange.h"
 #include "mlir/Transforms/DialectConversion.h"
 
-#include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
 
-#include <cassert>
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <optional>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <utility>
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ShapeUtils.hpp"
 
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 
-using HSliceId = size_t;
-using CoreId = size_t;
-
-template <class A, class B, class C = std::common_type_t<A, B>>
-constexpr C ceilIntegerDivide(A a, B b) {
-  static_assert(std::is_integral_v<A>, "A must be an integer type");
-  static_assert(std::is_integral_v<B>, "B must be an integer type");
-  C ac = static_cast<C>(a);
-  C bc = static_cast<C>(b);
-  return 1 + (ac - 1) / bc;
-}
-
-template <class A, class B, class C = std::common_type_t<A, B>>
-constexpr std::pair<C, C> ceilIntegerDivideWithRemainder(A a, B b) {
-  static_assert(std::is_integral_v<A>, "A must be an integer type");
-  static_assert(std::is_integral_v<B>, "B must be an integer type");
-  C ac = static_cast<C>(a);
-  C bc = static_cast<C>(b);
-  return {ceilIntegerDivide(ac, bc), ac % bc};
-}
-
-template <class T>
-bool isVectorShape(mlir::ArrayRef<T> shape) {
-  return shape.size() == 2 && (shape[0] == 1 || shape[1] == 1);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-bool isMatrixShape(mlir::ArrayRef<T> shape) {
-  return shape.size() == 2;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-bool isHVectorShape(mlir::ArrayRef<T> shape) {
-  return shape.size() == 2 && shape[0] == 1;
-}
-
-inline auto getTensorShape(mlir::Value tensor) {
-  return mlir::cast<mlir::RankedTensorType>(tensor.getType()).getShape();
-}
-
-inline bool haveSameStaticShape(mlir::Value lhs, mlir::Value rhs) {
-  auto lhsType = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::RankedTensorType>(lhs.getType());
-  auto rhsType = mlir::dyn_cast<mlir::RankedTensorType>(rhs.getType());
-  return lhsType && rhsType && lhsType.hasStaticShape() && rhsType.hasStaticShape()
-      && lhsType.getShape() == rhsType.getShape();
-}
-
-bool hasStaticPositiveShape(mlir::ArrayRef<int64_t> shape);
-
-bool hasStaticPositiveShape(mlir::RankedTensorType type);
-
-int64_t getStaticShapeElementCount(mlir::ArrayRef<int64_t> shape);
-
-llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> permuteShape(mlir::ArrayRef<int64_t> shape, mlir::ArrayRef<int64_t> permutation);
-
-llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> invertPermutation(mlir::ArrayRef<int64_t> permutation);
-
-mlir::FailureOr<llvm::SmallVector<int64_t>> getTransposePermutationChecked(std::optional<mlir::ArrayAttr> permAttr,
-                                                                           int64_t rank);
-
-llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> getUnitStrides(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter, int64_t rank);
-
-llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> getZeroOffsets(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter, int64_t rank);
-
-llvm::SmallVector<mlir::OpFoldResult> getStaticSizes(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter, mlir::ArrayRef<int64_t> shape);
-
 /// Slices a statically shaped tensor along one axis into contiguous pieces of
 /// at most `sliceSize` elements.
 llvm::SmallVector<mlir::Value> sliceTensor(const mlir::Value& tensorToSlice,
@@ -102,13 +28,4 @@ llvm::SmallVector<mlir::Value> sliceVector(const mlir::Value& vectorToSlice,
 llvm::DenseMap<CoreId, llvm::SmallVector<mlir::Value>> sliceVectorPerCrossbarPerCore(
   const mlir::Value& vectorToSlice, mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter, mlir::Location loc);
 
-mlir::Value extractAxisSlice(
-  mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter, mlir::Location loc, mlir::Value source, int64_t axis, int64_t offset, int64_t size);
-
-mlir::Value insertStaticSlice(mlir::PatternRewriter& rewriter,
-                              mlir::Location loc,
-                              mlir::Value source,
-                              mlir::Value dest,
-                              llvm::ArrayRef<mlir::OpFoldResult> offsets);
-
 } // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/CompileTime.cpp

@@ -9,10 +9,12 @@
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
 
+#include <cstring>
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ShapeUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ShapingUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/CompileTime.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
 #include "src/Dialect/ONNX/ONNXOps.hpp"
@@ -21,24 +23,7 @@ using namespace mlir;
 
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 
-namespace {
-
-static bool hasStaticUnitStrides(tensor::ExtractSliceOp extractSliceOp) {
-  return llvm::all_of(extractSliceOp.getStaticStrides(), [](int64_t stride) { return stride == 1; });
-}
-
-static bool hasConstantIndices(tensor::ExtractOp extractOp) {
-  return llvm::all_of(extractOp.getIndices(), [](Value index) { return matchConstantIndexValue(index).has_value(); });
-}
-
-static bool isStaticTensorResult(Operation* op) {
-  return llvm::all_of(op->getResultTypes(), [](Type type) {
-    auto shapedType = dyn_cast<ShapedType>(type);
-    return shapedType && shapedType.hasStaticShape();
-  });
-}
-
-static FailureOr<DenseElementsAttr> transposeDenseElements(DenseElementsAttr denseAttr, ArrayRef<int64_t> perms) {
+FailureOr<DenseElementsAttr> transposeDenseElementsAttr(DenseElementsAttr denseAttr, ArrayRef<int64_t> perms) {
   auto tensorType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(denseAttr.getType());
   if (!tensorType)
     return failure();
@@ -59,7 +44,45 @@ static FailureOr<DenseElementsAttr> transposeDenseElements(DenseElementsAttr den
 
   auto transposedType = RankedTensorType::get(transposedShape, tensorType.getElementType(), tensorType.getEncoding());
   if (denseAttr.isSplat())
-    return DenseElementsAttr::get(transposedType, denseAttr.getSplatValue<Attribute>());
+    return DenseElementsAttr::getFromRawBuffer(transposedType, denseAttr.getRawData());
+
+  const unsigned elementBitWidth = tensorType.getElementTypeBitWidth();
+  const ArrayRef<char> inputData = denseAttr.getRawData();
+  if (elementBitWidth % 8 == 0) {
+    const size_t elementBytes = elementBitWidth / 8;
+    const size_t expectedBytes = denseAttr.getNumElements() * elementBytes;
+    if (inputData.size() == expectedBytes) {
+      SmallVector<char> transposedData(expectedBytes);
+      if (rank == 2 && perms[0] == 1 && perms[1] == 0) {
+        const int64_t rows = tensorType.getDimSize(0);
+        const int64_t columns = tensorType.getDimSize(1);
+        for (int64_t row = 0; row < rows; ++row)
+          for (int64_t column = 0; column < columns; ++column)
+            std::memcpy(transposedData.data() + (column * rows + row) * elementBytes,
+                        inputData.data() + (row * columns + column) * elementBytes,
+                        elementBytes);
+        return DenseElementsAttr::getFromRawBuffer(transposedType, transposedData);
+      }
+
+      SmallVector<int64_t> originalStrides = computeRowMajorStrides(tensorType.getShape());
+      SmallVector<int64_t> transposedStrides = computeRowMajorStrides(transposedShape);
+      SmallVector<int64_t> originalIndices(rank);
+      for (int64_t linearIndex = 0; linearIndex < tensorType.getNumElements(); ++linearIndex) {
+        int64_t remaining = linearIndex;
+        for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < rank; ++dim) {
+          originalIndices[dim] = originalStrides.empty() ? 0 : remaining / originalStrides[dim];
+          remaining = originalStrides.empty() ? 0 : remaining % originalStrides[dim];
+        }
+        int64_t transposedLinearIndex = 0;
+        for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < rank; ++dim)
+          transposedLinearIndex += originalIndices[perms[dim]] * transposedStrides[dim];
+        std::memcpy(transposedData.data() + transposedLinearIndex * elementBytes,
+                    inputData.data() + linearIndex * elementBytes,
+                    elementBytes);
+      }
+      return DenseElementsAttr::getFromRawBuffer(transposedType, transposedData);
+    }
+  }
 
   SmallVector<Attribute> originalValues(denseAttr.getValues<Attribute>());
   SmallVector<Attribute> transposedValues(originalValues.size());
@@ -84,16 +107,30 @@ static FailureOr<DenseElementsAttr> transposeDenseElements(DenseElementsAttr den
   return DenseElementsAttr::get(transposedType, transposedValues);
 }
 
+namespace {
+
+static bool hasStaticUnitStrides(tensor::ExtractSliceOp extractSliceOp) {
+  return llvm::all_of(extractSliceOp.getStaticStrides(), [](int64_t stride) { return stride == 1; });
+}
+
+static bool hasConstantIndices(tensor::ExtractOp extractOp) {
+  return llvm::all_of(extractOp.getIndices(), [](Value index) { return matchConstantIndexValue(index).has_value(); });
+}
+
+static bool isStaticTensorResult(Operation* op) {
+  return llvm::all_of(op->getResultTypes(), [](Type type) {
+    auto shapedType = dyn_cast<ShapedType>(type);
+    return shapedType && shapedType.hasStaticShape();
+  });
+}
+
 static FailureOr<DenseElementsAttr> reshapeDenseElements(DenseElementsAttr denseAttr, RankedTensorType resultType) {
   auto sourceType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(denseAttr.getType());
-  if (!sourceType || !resultType || sourceType.getNumElements() != resultType.getNumElements())
+  if (!sourceType || !resultType || sourceType.getNumElements() != resultType.getNumElements()
+      || sourceType.getElementType() != resultType.getElementType())
     return failure();
 
-  if (denseAttr.isSplat())
-    return DenseElementsAttr::get(resultType, denseAttr.getSplatValue<Attribute>());
-
-  SmallVector<Attribute> values(denseAttr.getValues<Attribute>());
-  return DenseElementsAttr::get(resultType, values);
+  return DenseElementsAttr::getFromRawBuffer(resultType, denseAttr.getRawData());
 }
 
 static FailureOr<DenseElementsAttr> extractSliceDenseElements(DenseElementsAttr denseAttr,
@@ -161,7 +198,7 @@ static DenseElementsAttr getHostConstantDenseElementsAttrImpl(Value value, llvm:
     perm.reserve(transposeOp.getPermAttr().size());
     for (IntegerAttr attr : transposeOp.getPermAttr().getAsRange<IntegerAttr>())
       perm.push_back(attr.getInt());
-    auto transposedAttr = transposeDenseElements(inputAttr, perm);
+    auto transposedAttr = transposeDenseElementsAttr(inputAttr, perm);
     return succeeded(transposedAttr) ? *transposedAttr : nullptr;
   }
 
@@ -171,7 +208,7 @@ static DenseElementsAttr getHostConstantDenseElementsAttrImpl(Value value, llvm:
       return nullptr;
 
     SmallVector<int64_t> perm(transposeOp.getPermutation().begin(), transposeOp.getPermutation().end());
-    auto transposedAttr = transposeDenseElements(inputAttr, perm);
+    auto transposedAttr = transposeDenseElementsAttr(inputAttr, perm);
     return succeeded(transposedAttr) ? *transposedAttr : nullptr;
   }
 
@@ -219,6 +256,9 @@ getCompileTimeSourceImpl(Operation* op, llvm::SmallPtrSetImpl<Operation*>& visit
 
   chainLength += 1;
 
+  if (!isShapingOnlyOp(op))
+    return std::nullopt;
+
   if (auto extractOp = dyn_cast<tensor::ExtractOp>(op))
     return hasConstantIndices(extractOp)
            ? getCompileTimeSourceImpl(extractOp.getTensor().getDefiningOp(), visited, chainLength)

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/CompileTime.hpp

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include "mlir/IR/Operation.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Value.h"
 
+#include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
+
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 
 struct CompileTimeSource {
@@ -19,4 +21,7 @@ bool isCompileTimeOp(mlir::Operation* op);
 
 mlir::DenseElementsAttr getHostConstDenseElementsAttr(mlir::Value value);
 
+mlir::FailureOr<mlir::DenseElementsAttr> transposeDenseElementsAttr(
+  mlir::DenseElementsAttr denseAttr, llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> permutation);
+
 } // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/LowerSpatialPlansPass.cpp

@@ -11,12 +11,16 @@
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
 
 #include "Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/ONNXToSpatialVerifier.hpp"
+#include "mlir/Transforms/Passes.h"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/DebugDump.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/BiasAddUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/Common.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/RowStripLayoutUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/PlanLowering.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/SpatialDataflowCsvExporter.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Pass/PIMPasses.h"
 #include "src/Dialect/ONNX/ONNXOps.hpp"
 
@@ -28,14 +32,6 @@ namespace {
 static constexpr StringLiteral kDenseLayout = "dense_nchw";
 static constexpr StringLiteral kRowStripLayout = "nchw_row_strip";
 
-struct RowStripPhysicalValue {
-  Value physicalValue;
-  RankedTensorType logicalType;
-  SmallVector<int64_t, 16> fragmentOffsets;
-  SmallVector<int64_t, 16> fragmentSizes;
-  std::string indexMap;
-};
-
 static FailureOr<RowStripPhysicalValue> getRowStripValue(llvm::DenseMap<Value, RowStripPhysicalValue>& rowStripValues,
                                                          Value value) {
   auto it = rowStripValues.find(value);
@@ -44,113 +40,43 @@ static FailureOr<RowStripPhysicalValue> getRowStripValue(llvm::DenseMap<Value, R
   return it->second;
 }
 
-static FailureOr<RowStripPhysicalValue> buildRowStripValue(spatial::SpatReconciliatorOp reconciliator,
-                                                           Value physicalValue) {
-  auto logicalType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(reconciliator.getOutput().getType());
+static FailureOr<RowStripPhysicalValue> buildRowStripValue(spatial::SpatBlueprintOp blueprint,
+                                                           Value storage) {
+  auto logicalType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(blueprint.getOutput().getType());
   if (!logicalType)
-    return reconciliator.emitOpError("requires ranked logical output type"), failure();
+    return blueprint.emitOpError("requires ranked logical output type"), failure();
   RowStripPhysicalValue value;
-  value.physicalValue = physicalValue;
+  value.storage = storage;
   value.logicalType = logicalType;
-  value.fragmentOffsets.append(reconciliator.getFragmentOffsets().begin(), reconciliator.getFragmentOffsets().end());
-  value.fragmentSizes.append(reconciliator.getFragmentSizes().begin(), reconciliator.getFragmentSizes().end());
-  value.indexMap = reconciliator.getIndexMap().str();
+  value.fragmentOffsets.append(blueprint.getFragmentOffsets().begin(), blueprint.getFragmentOffsets().end());
+  value.fragmentSizes.append(blueprint.getFragmentSizes().begin(), blueprint.getFragmentSizes().end());
+  if (blueprint.getIndexMap() != kRowStripIndexMap)
+    return blueprint.emitOpError("requires the canonical row-strip index map"), failure();
+  auto storageType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(storage.getType());
+  if (!storageType || storageType != getRowStripStorageType(logicalType))
+    return blueprint.emitOpError("requires physical row-strip fragment storage"), failure();
   return value;
 }
 
 static FailureOr<Value>
 lowerRowStripRelu(const RowStripPhysicalValue& input, spatial::SpatReluPlanOp planOp, PatternRewriter& rewriter) {
-  auto packedType = cast<RankedTensorType>(input.physicalValue.getType());
-  auto computeOp =
-    createSpatCompute<1>(rewriter, planOp.getLoc(), TypeRange {packedType}, {}, input.physicalValue, [&](Value x) {
-      auto relu = spatial::SpatReluOp::create(rewriter, planOp.getLoc(), packedType, x);
-      spatial::SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, planOp.getLoc(), relu.getResult());
-    });
-  return computeOp.getResult(0);
+  return applyRowStripRelu(input.storage, input.logicalType, rewriter, planOp.getLoc());
+}
+
+static FailureOr<Value> lowerRowStripBiasAdd(const RowStripPhysicalValue& input,
+                                             spatial::SpatBiasAddPlanOp planOp,
+                                             PatternRewriter& rewriter) {
+  return applyRowStripBiasAdd(input.storage, input.logicalType, planOp.getBias(), rewriter, planOp.getLoc());
 }
 
 static FailureOr<Value>
 materializeRowStripToDense(const RowStripPhysicalValue& rowStripValue, Location loc, PatternRewriter& rewriter) {
-  auto packedType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(rowStripValue.physicalValue.getType());
-  if (!packedType || packedType.getRank() != 3 || !packedType.hasStaticShape())
-    return failure();
   if (rowStripValue.logicalType.getRank() != 4 || !rowStripValue.logicalType.hasStaticShape())
     return failure();
-  if (rowStripValue.indexMap != "packed_hwc_rows_to_nchw")
+  auto [expectedOffsets, expectedSizes] = buildRowStripMetadata(rowStripValue.logicalType);
+  if (!llvm::equal(rowStripValue.fragmentOffsets, expectedOffsets) || !llvm::equal(rowStripValue.fragmentSizes, expectedSizes))
     return failure();
-
-  const int64_t rank = rowStripValue.logicalType.getRank();
-  const int64_t fragmentCount = rowStripValue.fragmentOffsets.size() / rank;
-  const int64_t packedWidth = packedType.getDimSize(1);
-  const int64_t packedChannels = packedType.getDimSize(2);
-  if (fragmentCount != packedType.getDimSize(0))
-    return failure();
-  for (int64_t fragmentIndex = 0; fragmentIndex < fragmentCount; ++fragmentIndex) {
-    if (rowStripValue.fragmentOffsets[fragmentIndex * rank + 0] != 0
-        || rowStripValue.fragmentOffsets[fragmentIndex * rank + 1] != 0
-        || rowStripValue.fragmentOffsets[fragmentIndex * rank + 2] != fragmentIndex
-        || rowStripValue.fragmentOffsets[fragmentIndex * rank + 3] != 0)
-      return failure();
-    if (rowStripValue.fragmentSizes[fragmentIndex * rank + 0] != 1
-        || rowStripValue.fragmentSizes[fragmentIndex * rank + 1] != packedChannels
-        || rowStripValue.fragmentSizes[fragmentIndex * rank + 2] != 1
-        || rowStripValue.fragmentSizes[fragmentIndex * rank + 3] != packedWidth)
-      return failure();
-  }
-
-  auto packedSliceType =
-    RankedTensorType::get({1, packedWidth, packedChannels}, packedType.getElementType(), packedType.getEncoding());
-  auto expandedType =
-    RankedTensorType::get({1, 1, packedWidth, packedChannels}, packedType.getElementType(), packedType.getEncoding());
-  auto logicalFragmentType =
-    RankedTensorType::get({1, packedChannels, 1, packedWidth}, packedType.getElementType(), packedType.getEncoding());
-  auto batchOp = createSpatComputeBatch(
-    rewriter,
-    loc,
-    TypeRange {rowStripValue.logicalType},
-    fragmentCount,
-    {},
-    ValueRange {rowStripValue.physicalValue},
-    [&](detail::SpatComputeBatchBodyArgs args) {
-      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> packedOffsets {args.lane, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0), rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
-      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> packedSizes {
-        rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(packedWidth), rewriter.getIndexAttr(packedChannels)};
-      Value packedSlice = tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(
-        rewriter, loc, packedSliceType, args.inputs.front(), packedOffsets, packedSizes, getUnitStrides(rewriter, 3));
-
-      Value expanded = tensor::ExpandShapeOp::create(rewriter,
-                                                     loc,
-                                                     expandedType,
-                                                     packedSlice,
-                                                     SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> {
-                                                       {0, 1},
-                                                       {2},
-                                                       {3}
-      });
-      Value transposeInit =
-        tensor::EmptyOp::create(rewriter, loc, logicalFragmentType.getShape(), logicalFragmentType.getElementType());
-      Value logicalFragment =
-        linalg::TransposeOp::create(rewriter, loc, expanded, transposeInit, SmallVector<int64_t> {0, 3, 1, 2})
-          .getResult()[0];
-
-      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> logicalOffsets {
-        rewriter.getIndexAttr(0), rewriter.getIndexAttr(0), args.lane, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
-      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> logicalSizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1),
-                                              rewriter.getIndexAttr(packedChannels),
-                                              rewriter.getIndexAttr(1),
-                                              rewriter.getIndexAttr(packedWidth)};
-      createParallelInsertSliceIntoBatchOutput(rewriter,
-                                               loc,
-                                               logicalFragment,
-                                               args.outputs.front(),
-                                               logicalOffsets,
-                                               logicalSizes,
-                                               getUnitStrides(rewriter, 4));
-      return success();
-    });
-  if (failed(batchOp))
-    return failure();
-  return batchOp->getResult(0);
+  return createRowStripAssemblyBlueprint(rowStripValue.storage, rowStripValue.logicalType, rewriter, loc);
 }
 
 struct LowerSpatialPlansPass final : PassWrapper<LowerSpatialPlansPass, OperationPass<ModuleOp>> {
@@ -175,7 +101,7 @@ struct LowerSpatialPlansPass final : PassWrapper<LowerSpatialPlansPass, Operatio
     auto verifyLogicalPhase = [&](StringRef stage) -> bool {
       if (succeeded(verifyLogicalSpatialGraphInvariants(*entryFunc)))
         return true;
-      moduleOp.emitError() << "RAPTOR_PHASE_CHECK logical Spatial graph verification failed " << stage;
+      moduleOp.emitError() << "logical Spatial graph verification failed " << stage;
       signalPassFailure();
       return false;
     };
@@ -185,15 +111,15 @@ struct LowerSpatialPlansPass final : PassWrapper<LowerSpatialPlansPass, Operatio
     for (Operation& op : llvm::make_early_inc_range(funcOp.getBody().front())) {
       if (auto planOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatConv2DPlanOp>(&op)) {
         FailureOr<RowStripPhysicalValue> rowStripInput = getRowStripValue(rowStripValues, planOp.getInput());
-        auto rowStripReconciliator = llvm::find_if(planOp.getResult().getUsers(), [](Operation* user) {
-          auto reconciliator = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatReconciliatorOp>(user);
-          return reconciliator && reconciliator.getPhysicalLayout() == kRowStripLayout;
+        auto rowStripBlueprint = llvm::find_if(planOp.getResult().getUsers(), [](Operation* user) {
+          auto blueprint = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>(user);
+          return blueprint && blueprint.getPhysicalLayout() == kRowStripLayout;
         });
-        if (rowStripReconciliator != planOp.getResult().getUsers().end()) {
+        if (rowStripBlueprint != planOp.getResult().getUsers().end()) {
           rewriter.setInsertionPoint(planOp);
           FailureOr<Value> lowered = lowerSelectedConv2DPlan(
             planOp,
-            succeeded(rowStripInput) ? std::optional<Value> {rowStripInput->physicalValue} : std::nullopt,
+            succeeded(rowStripInput) ? std::optional<Value> {rowStripInput->storage} : std::nullopt,
             /*emitRowStripLayout=*/true,
             rewriter);
           if (failed(lowered)) {
@@ -201,15 +127,15 @@ struct LowerSpatialPlansPass final : PassWrapper<LowerSpatialPlansPass, Operatio
             signalPassFailure();
             return;
           }
-          auto reconciliator = cast<spatial::SpatReconciliatorOp>(*rowStripReconciliator);
-          FailureOr<RowStripPhysicalValue> rowStripValue = buildRowStripValue(reconciliator, *lowered);
+          auto blueprint = cast<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>(*rowStripBlueprint);
+          FailureOr<RowStripPhysicalValue> rowStripValue = buildRowStripValue(blueprint, *lowered);
           if (failed(rowStripValue)) {
             signalPassFailure();
             return;
           }
-          rowStripValues[reconciliator.getResult()] = *rowStripValue;
+          rowStripValues[blueprint.getResult()] = *rowStripValue;
           eraseAfterLowering.insert(planOp);
-          eraseAfterLowering.insert(reconciliator);
+          eraseAfterLowering.insert(blueprint);
           continue;
         }
         rewriter.setInsertionPoint(planOp);
@@ -226,12 +152,12 @@ struct LowerSpatialPlansPass final : PassWrapper<LowerSpatialPlansPass, Operatio
 
       if (auto planOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatReluPlanOp>(&op)) {
         if (succeeded(getRowStripValue(rowStripValues, planOp.getInput()))) {
-          auto outputReconciliator = llvm::find_if(planOp.getResult().getUsers(), [](Operation* user) {
-            auto reconciliator = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatReconciliatorOp>(user);
-            return reconciliator && reconciliator.getPhysicalLayout() == kRowStripLayout;
+          auto outputBlueprint = llvm::find_if(planOp.getResult().getUsers(), [](Operation* user) {
+            auto blueprint = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>(user);
+            return blueprint && blueprint.getPhysicalLayout() == kRowStripLayout;
           });
-          if (outputReconciliator == planOp.getResult().getUsers().end()) {
-            planOp.emitOpError("row-strip Relu plan requires a row-strip reconciliator result");
+          if (outputBlueprint == planOp.getResult().getUsers().end()) {
+            planOp.emitOpError("row-strip Relu plan requires a row-strip blueprint result");
             signalPassFailure();
             return;
           }
@@ -244,15 +170,15 @@ struct LowerSpatialPlansPass final : PassWrapper<LowerSpatialPlansPass, Operatio
             signalPassFailure();
             return;
           }
-          auto reconciliator = cast<spatial::SpatReconciliatorOp>(*outputReconciliator);
-          FailureOr<RowStripPhysicalValue> output = buildRowStripValue(reconciliator, *lowered);
+          auto blueprint = cast<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>(*outputBlueprint);
+          FailureOr<RowStripPhysicalValue> output = buildRowStripValue(blueprint, *lowered);
           if (failed(output)) {
             signalPassFailure();
             return;
           }
-          rowStripValues[reconciliator.getResult()] = *output;
+          rowStripValues[blueprint.getResult()] = *output;
           eraseAfterLowering.insert(planOp);
-          eraseAfterLowering.insert(reconciliator);
+          eraseAfterLowering.insert(blueprint);
           continue;
         }
 
@@ -265,6 +191,64 @@ struct LowerSpatialPlansPass final : PassWrapper<LowerSpatialPlansPass, Operatio
         rewriter.replaceOp(planOp, computeOp.getResults());
         continue;
       }
+      if (auto planOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBiasAddPlanOp>(&op)) {
+        if (succeeded(getRowStripValue(rowStripValues, planOp.getInput()))) {
+          auto outputBlueprint = llvm::find_if(planOp.getResult().getUsers(), [](Operation* user) {
+            auto blueprint = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>(user);
+            return blueprint && blueprint.getPhysicalLayout() == kRowStripLayout;
+          });
+          if (outputBlueprint == planOp.getResult().getUsers().end()) {
+            planOp.emitOpError("row-strip bias_add plan requires a row-strip blueprint result");
+            signalPassFailure();
+            return;
+          }
+
+          FailureOr<RowStripPhysicalValue> input = getRowStripValue(rowStripValues, planOp.getInput());
+          rewriter.setInsertionPoint(planOp);
+          FailureOr<Value> lowered = lowerRowStripBiasAdd(*input, planOp, rewriter);
+          if (failed(lowered)) {
+            planOp.emitOpError("failed to lower selected row-strip Spatial bias_add plan");
+            signalPassFailure();
+            return;
+          }
+          auto blueprint = cast<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>(*outputBlueprint);
+          FailureOr<RowStripPhysicalValue> output = buildRowStripValue(blueprint, *lowered);
+          if (failed(output)) {
+            signalPassFailure();
+            return;
+          }
+          rowStripValues[blueprint.getResult()] = *output;
+          eraseAfterLowering.insert(planOp);
+          eraseAfterLowering.insert(blueprint);
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        auto resultType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(planOp.getOutput().getType());
+        if (!resultType) {
+          planOp.emitOpError("requires ranked output type");
+          signalPassFailure();
+          return;
+        }
+        rewriter.setInsertionPoint(planOp);
+        FailureOr<Value> denseBias = materializeDenseBiasAddTensor(planOp.getBias(), resultType, rewriter, planOp.getLoc());
+        if (failed(denseBias)) {
+          planOp.emitOpError("failed to materialize dense Conv-style bias");
+          signalPassFailure();
+          return;
+        }
+        auto computeOp = createSpatCompute<2>(rewriter,
+                                              planOp.getLoc(),
+                                              planOp.getOutput().getType(),
+                                              {},
+                                              ValueRange {planOp.getInput(), *denseBias},
+                                              [&](Value x, Value y) {
+                                                auto added = spatial::SpatVAddOp::create(
+                                                  rewriter, planOp.getLoc(), planOp.getOutput().getType(), x, y);
+                                                spatial::SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, planOp.getLoc(), added.getResult());
+                                              });
+        rewriter.replaceOp(planOp, computeOp.getResults());
+        continue;
+      }
       if (auto materializeOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatMaterializeLayoutOp>(&op)) {
         if (materializeOp.getSourcePhysicalLayout() == kDenseLayout
             && materializeOp.getTargetPhysicalLayout() == kDenseLayout) {
@@ -279,7 +263,7 @@ struct LowerSpatialPlansPass final : PassWrapper<LowerSpatialPlansPass, Operatio
         }
         FailureOr<RowStripPhysicalValue> rowStripValue = getRowStripValue(rowStripValues, materializeOp.getInput());
         if (failed(rowStripValue)) {
-          materializeOp.emitOpError("expected a row-strip reconciliator input during row-strip materialization");
+          materializeOp.emitOpError("expected a row-strip blueprint input during row-strip materialization");
           signalPassFailure();
           return;
         }
@@ -293,18 +277,20 @@ struct LowerSpatialPlansPass final : PassWrapper<LowerSpatialPlansPass, Operatio
         rewriter.replaceOp(materializeOp, *dense);
         continue;
       }
-      if (auto reconciliatorOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatReconciliatorOp>(&op)) {
-        if (reconciliatorOp.getPhysicalLayout() == kDenseLayout) {
-          rewriter.replaceOp(reconciliatorOp, reconciliatorOp.getInput());
+      if (auto blueprintOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>(&op)) {
+        if (std::optional<StringRef> mode = blueprintOp.getMode(); mode && *mode == "fragment_assembly")
+          continue;
+        if (blueprintOp.getPhysicalLayout() == kDenseLayout) {
+          rewriter.replaceOp(blueprintOp, blueprintOp.getInput());
           continue;
         }
-        if (reconciliatorOp.getPhysicalLayout() != kRowStripLayout) {
-          reconciliatorOp.emitOpError("non-dense reconciliator lowering is not supported yet");
+        if (blueprintOp.getPhysicalLayout() != kRowStripLayout) {
+          blueprintOp.emitOpError("non-dense blueprint lowering is not supported yet");
           signalPassFailure();
           return;
         }
-        if (!eraseAfterLowering.contains(reconciliatorOp)) {
-          reconciliatorOp.emitOpError("unhandled row-strip reconciliator remained during LowerSpatialPlans");
+        if (!eraseAfterLowering.contains(blueprintOp)) {
+          blueprintOp.emitOpError("unhandled row-strip blueprint remained during LowerSpatialPlans");
           signalPassFailure();
           return;
         }
@@ -345,17 +331,25 @@ struct LowerSpatialPlansPass final : PassWrapper<LowerSpatialPlansPass, Operatio
     RewritePatternSet helperPatterns(ctx);
     populateGemmPatterns(helperPatterns, ctx);
     populateTransposePatterns(helperPatterns, ctx);
-    if (failed(applyPartialConversion(moduleOp, helperTarget, std::move(helperPatterns)))) {
+    FrozenRewritePatternSet frozenHelperPatterns(
+      std::move(helperPatterns));
+    SmallVector<Operation*> topLevelHelperOps;
+    funcOp.walk([&](Operation* op) {
+      if (isa<spatial::SpatGraphCompute,
+              spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch>(op))
+        return WalkResult::skip();
+      if (isa<ONNXGemmOp, ONNXTransposeOp>(op))
+        topLevelHelperOps.push_back(op);
+      return WalkResult::advance();
+    });
+    for (Operation *helper : topLevelHelperOps) {
+      if (failed(applyPartialConversion(
+            helper, helperTarget, frozenHelperPatterns))) {
         moduleOp.emitError("failed to lower helper ONNX ops emitted by selected Spatial plan lowering");
         signalPassFailure();
         return;
       }
-    FrozenRewritePatternSet nestedHelperPatterns([&] {
-      RewritePatternSet patterns(ctx);
-      populateGemmPatterns(patterns, ctx);
-      populateTransposePatterns(patterns, ctx);
-      return patterns;
-    }());
+    }
     ConversionTarget nestedHelperTarget(*ctx);
     nestedHelperTarget.addLegalDialect<spatial::SpatialDialect,
                                        tensor::TensorDialect,
@@ -371,7 +365,8 @@ struct LowerSpatialPlansPass final : PassWrapper<LowerSpatialPlansPass, Operatio
         computeLikeOps.push_back(op);
     });
     for (Operation* op : computeLikeOps) {
-      if (failed(applyFullConversion(op, nestedHelperTarget, nestedHelperPatterns))) {
+      if (failed(applyFullConversion(
+            op, nestedHelperTarget, frozenHelperPatterns))) {
         op->emitOpError("failed to lower nested helper ONNX ops emitted by selected Spatial plan lowering");
         signalPassFailure();
         return;
@@ -383,19 +378,37 @@ struct LowerSpatialPlansPass final : PassWrapper<LowerSpatialPlansPass, Operatio
     moduleOp.walk([&](Operation* op) {
       if (isa<ONNXEntryPointOp>(op))
         return;
-      if (isa<spatial::SpatConv2DPlanOp,
+      if (auto blueprint = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>(op)) {
+        if (std::optional<StringRef> mode = blueprint.getMode(); mode && *mode == "fragment_assembly")
+          return;
+        op->emitOpError("planning blueprint must not remain after LowerSpatialPlans");
+        hasIllegalOps = true;
+      } else if (isa<spatial::SpatConv2DPlanOp,
+                     spatial::SpatBiasAddPlanOp,
                      spatial::SpatReluPlanOp,
-              spatial::SpatReconciliatorOp,
                      spatial::SpatMaterializeLayoutOp>(op)
           || op->getDialect()->getNamespace() == "onnx") {
         op->emitOpError("operation must not remain after LowerSpatialPlans");
         hasIllegalOps = true;
       }
     });
-    if (hasIllegalOps)
+
+    PassManager canonicalizationPM(ctx);
+    canonicalizationPM.addPass(createCanonicalizerPass());
+    if (failed(canonicalizationPM.run(moduleOp)))
+      moduleOp.emitWarning("failed to run LowerSpatialPlansPass canonicalization; continuing");
+
+    if (hasIllegalOps) {
       signalPassFailure();
-    else
-      dumpModule(moduleOp, "spatial1_premerge");
+    } else {
+      dumpModule(moduleOp, "spatial1_graph");
+      spatial::SpatialDataflowExportStage exportMode = spatial::getSpatialDataflowExportStage();
+      if (spatial::shouldExportSpatialDataflowStage(exportMode, spatial::SpatialDataflowExportStage::Spatial1)
+          && failed(spatial::exportSpatialDataflowCsvGraph(funcOp, "spatial1_graph"))) {
+        signalPassFailure();
+        return;
+      }
+    }
 
     if (!verifyLogicalPhase("at the end of LowerSpatialPlans"))
       return;

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/ONNXToSpatialPass.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #include "Common/Common.hpp"
 #include "Common/PimCommon.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/ComputeRegionBuilder.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/CompileTime.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/ONNXToSpatialVerifier.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns.hpp"
@@ -45,11 +46,12 @@ static void populateEmptyFunction(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
   SmallVector<spatial::SpatGraphCompute> computes(funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatGraphCompute>());
   SmallVector<spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch> computeBatches(funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch>());
   SmallVector<spatial::SpatConv2DPlanOp> convPlans(funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatConv2DPlanOp>());
+  SmallVector<spatial::SpatBiasAddPlanOp> biasAddPlans(funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatBiasAddPlanOp>());
   SmallVector<spatial::SpatReluPlanOp> reluPlans(funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatReluPlanOp>());
-  SmallVector<spatial::SpatReconciliatorOp> reconciliators(funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatReconciliatorOp>());
+  SmallVector<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp> blueprints(funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>());
   SmallVector<spatial::SpatMaterializeLayoutOp> materializers(funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatMaterializeLayoutOp>());
-  if (!computes.empty() || !computeBatches.empty() || !convPlans.empty() || !reluPlans.empty() || !reconciliators.empty()
-      || !materializers.empty()) {
+  if (!computes.empty() || !computeBatches.empty() || !convPlans.empty() || !biasAddPlans.empty() || !reluPlans.empty()
+      || !blueprints.empty() || !materializers.empty()) {
     return;
   }
 
@@ -65,9 +67,9 @@ static void populateEmptyFunction(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
     sourceLocs.push_back(source.getLoc());
   }
 
-  auto newCompute = spatial::SpatGraphCompute::create(
-    rewriter, returnOp.getLoc(), returnOp.getOperandTypes(), funcOp.getArguments(), {}, {});
-  auto* newBlock = rewriter.createBlock(&newCompute.getBody(), newCompute.getBody().end(), sourceTypes, sourceLocs);
+  auto newCompute = createEmptySpatGraphCompute(
+    rewriter, returnOp.getLoc(), returnOp.getOperandTypes(), {}, funcOp.getArguments(), sourceTypes, sourceLocs);
+  auto* newBlock = &newCompute.getBody().front();
   for (auto [blockArg, computeArg] : llvm::zip(newBlock->getArguments(), newCompute.getOperands()))
     mapper.map(computeArg, blockArg);
   newCompute.getProperties().setOperandSegmentSizes({0, static_cast<int>(sourceTypes.size())});
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ void ONNXToSpatialPass::runOnOperation() {
                             affine::AffineDialect,
                             arith::ArithDialect,
                             scf::SCFDialect>();
-  preTarget.addIllegalOp<ONNXConstantOp, ONNXFlattenOp>();
+  preTarget.addIllegalOp<ONNXConstantOp>();
 
   RewritePatternSet prePatterns(ctx);
   populatePrePatterns(prePatterns, ctx);
@@ -142,6 +144,7 @@ void ONNXToSpatialPass::runOnOperation() {
   target.addIllegalOp<ONNXSigmoidOp>();
   target.addIllegalOp<ONNXSoftmaxOp>();
   target.addIllegalOp<ONNXConcatOp>();
+  target.addIllegalOp<ONNXFlattenOp>();
   target.addIllegalOp<ONNXGatherOp>();
   target.addIllegalOp<ONNXReshapeOp>();
   target.addIllegalOp<ONNXResizeOp>();
@@ -160,7 +163,7 @@ void ONNXToSpatialPass::runOnOperation() {
   }
 
     if (failed(verifyLogicalSpatialGraphInvariants(*entryFunc))) {
-      moduleOp.emitError("RAPTOR_PHASE_CHECK logical Spatial graph verification failed after ONNX conversion");
+      moduleOp.emitError("logical Spatial graph verification failed after ONNX conversion");
       signalPassFailure();
       return;
     }
@@ -173,15 +176,10 @@ void ONNXToSpatialPass::runOnOperation() {
                                   arith::ArithDialect,
                                   scf::SCFDialect>();
 
-  PassManager cleanupPM(ctx);
-  cleanupPM.addPass(createCanonicalizerPass());
-  if (failed(cleanupPM.run(moduleOp)))
-    moduleOp.emitWarning("failed to run ONNX-to-Spatial canonicalization cleanup; continuing");
-
   annotateWeightsConstants(*entryFunc);
 
     if (failed(verifyLogicalSpatialGraphInvariants(*entryFunc))) {
-      moduleOp.emitError("RAPTOR_PHASE_CHECK logical Spatial graph verification failed after weight annotation");
+      moduleOp.emitError("logical Spatial graph verification failed after weight annotation");
       signalPassFailure();
       return;
     }
@@ -199,7 +197,7 @@ void ONNXToSpatialPass::runOnOperation() {
     [](spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch computeOp) { return !requiresPostRewrite(computeOp); });
 
     if (failed(verifyLogicalSpatialGraphInvariants(*entryFunc))) {
-      moduleOp.emitError("RAPTOR_PHASE_CHECK logical Spatial graph verification failed before post rewrites");
+      moduleOp.emitError("logical Spatial graph verification failed before post rewrites");
       signalPassFailure();
       return;
     }
@@ -213,13 +211,18 @@ void ONNXToSpatialPass::runOnOperation() {
 
   populateEmptyFunction(*entryFunc);
 
+  PassManager canonicalizationPM(ctx);
+  canonicalizationPM.addPass(createCanonicalizerPass());
+  if (failed(canonicalizationPM.run(moduleOp)))
+    moduleOp.emitWarning("failed to run ONNXToSpatial canonicalization; continuing");
+
+  dumpModule(moduleOp, "spatial0");
+
   if (failed(verifyLogicalSpatialGraphInvariants(*entryFunc))) {
-      moduleOp.emitError("RAPTOR_PHASE_CHECK logical Spatial graph verification failed after ONNX-to-Spatial");
+      moduleOp.emitError("logical Spatial graph verification failed after ONNX-to-Spatial");
       signalPassFailure();
       return;
     }
-  dumpModule(moduleOp, "spatial0");
-
   if (failed(verifyONNXToSpatial(*entryFunc))) {
     moduleOp.emitError("ONNX-to-Spatial host legality verification failed");
     signalPassFailure();

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/ONNXToSpatialVerifier.cpp

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ namespace onnx_mlir {
 
 namespace {
 
-constexpr StringLiteral kPhaseMarker = "RAPTOR_PHASE_CHECK";
+constexpr StringLiteral kPhaseMarker = "phase-check";
 
 void checkWeightUseChains(func::FuncOp func, pim::CappedDiagnosticReporter& diagnostics) {
   func.walk([&](Operation* op) {
@@ -56,13 +56,18 @@ bool isLegalExternalCapture(Value value, Region& region) {
   return definingOp && definingOp->hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>();
 }
 
+bool isRecordedDeferredCommunicationSource(Operation* op, Value value) {
+  auto transfer = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatDeferredCommunicationOp>(op);
+  return transfer && llvm::is_contained(transfer.getSources(), value);
+}
+
 template <typename ComputeOpTy>
 void verifyComputeBodyCaptures(ComputeOpTy compute, StringRef kind, pim::CappedDiagnosticReporter& diagnostics) {
   Region& body = compute.getBody();
   body.walk([&](Operation* nestedOp) {
     for (OpOperand& operand : nestedOp->getOpOperands()) {
       Value value = operand.get();
-      if (isLegalExternalCapture(value, body))
+      if (isLegalExternalCapture(value, body) || isRecordedDeferredCommunicationSource(nestedOp, value))
         continue;
 
       Operation* definingOp = value.getDefiningOp();
@@ -90,21 +95,29 @@ bool isLegalHostBackedValue(Value value) {
   return definingOp->getDialect()->getNamespace() != "spat";
 }
 
+bool isScheduledPhase1Value(Value value) {
+  Operation* definingOp = value.getDefiningOp();
+  return isa_and_nonnull<spatial::SpatScheduledCompute, spatial::SpatScheduledComputeBatch>(definingOp);
+}
+
 template <typename ComputeOpTy>
 void verifyScheduledInputs(ComputeOpTy compute,
                            bool allowChannelReceiveInputs,
                            StringRef kind,
                            pim::CappedDiagnosticReporter& diagnostics) {
   for (auto [inputIndex, input] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getInputs())) {
+    size_t currentInputIndex = inputIndex;
     Operation* definingOp = input.getDefiningOp();
     if (allowChannelReceiveInputs && isa_and_nonnull<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp>(definingOp))
       continue;
+    if (isScheduledPhase1Value(input))
+      continue;
     if (isLegalHostBackedValue(input))
       continue;
 
     diagnostics.report(compute.getOperation(), [&](Operation* illegalOp) {
       InFlightDiagnostic diag = illegalOp->emitOpError()
-                                << kPhaseMarker << " " << kind << " input #" << inputIndex
+                                << kPhaseMarker << " " << kind << " input #" << currentInputIndex
                                 << (allowChannelReceiveInputs ? " must come from the host or explicit spat.channel_receive"
                                                               : " must come from the host");
       if (definingOp)
@@ -113,14 +126,28 @@ void verifyScheduledInputs(ComputeOpTy compute,
   }
 }
 
+template <typename ComputeOpTy>
+void verifyNoNestedFragmentAssemblyBlueprints(ComputeOpTy compute,
+                                                  pim::CappedDiagnosticReporter& diagnostics) {
+  compute.getBody().walk([&](spatial::SpatBlueprintOp blueprint) {
+    std::optional<StringRef> mode = blueprint.getMode();
+    if (!mode || *mode != "fragment_assembly")
+      return;
+    diagnostics.report(blueprint.getOperation(), [&](Operation* illegalOp) {
+      illegalOp->emitOpError("fragment assembly blueprint must be host-level after merge materialization");
+    });
+  });
+}
+
 void verifyLogicalTopLevelOps(func::FuncOp funcOp, pim::CappedDiagnosticReporter& diagnostics) {
   for (Operation& op : funcOp.getOps()) {
     if (isa<func::ReturnOp,
             spatial::SpatGraphCompute,
             spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch,
             spatial::SpatConv2DPlanOp,
+            spatial::SpatBiasAddPlanOp,
             spatial::SpatReluPlanOp,
-            spatial::SpatReconciliatorOp,
+            spatial::SpatBlueprintOp,
             spatial::SpatMaterializeLayoutOp>(&op)) {
       continue;
     }
@@ -149,9 +176,9 @@ void verifyLogicalTopLevelOps(func::FuncOp funcOp, pim::CappedDiagnosticReporter
 
 void verifyScheduledTopLevelOps(func::FuncOp funcOp, pim::CappedDiagnosticReporter& diagnostics) {
   for (Operation& op : funcOp.getOps()) {
-    if (isa<spatial::SpatGraphCompute, spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch>(&op)) {
+    if (isa<spatial::SpatChannelSendOp, spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp>(&op)) {
       diagnostics.report(&op, [&](Operation* illegalOp) {
-        illegalOp->emitOpError() << kPhaseMarker << " graph Spatial compute op remained after merge materialization";
+        illegalOp->emitOpError() << kPhaseMarker << " real channel communication is not allowed in scheduled phase 1";
       });
     }
   }
@@ -188,10 +215,14 @@ LogicalResult verifyLogicalSpatialGraphInvariants(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
 LogicalResult verifyScheduledSpatialInvariants(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
   pim::CappedDiagnosticReporter diagnostics;
   verifyScheduledTopLevelOps(funcOp, diagnostics);
-  for (auto compute : funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatScheduledCompute>())
+  for (auto compute : funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatScheduledCompute>()) {
     verifyScheduledInputs(compute, /*allowChannelReceiveInputs=*/true, "spat.scheduled_compute", diagnostics);
-  for (auto batch : funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatScheduledComputeBatch>())
+    verifyNoNestedFragmentAssemblyBlueprints(compute, diagnostics);
+  }
+  for (auto batch : funcOp.getOps<spatial::SpatScheduledComputeBatch>()) {
     verifyScheduledInputs(batch, /*allowChannelReceiveInputs=*/false, "spat.scheduled_compute_batch", diagnostics);
+    verifyNoNestedFragmentAssemblyBlueprints(batch, diagnostics);
+  }
   if (failed(verifyNoComputeBodyCaptures(funcOp)))
     return failure();
   diagnostics.emitSuppressedSummary(funcOp, "scheduled Spatial verification failed");

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns.cpp

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ void populateConversionPatterns(RewritePatternSet& patterns, MLIRContext* ctx) {
   populateSigmoidPatterns(patterns, ctx);
   populateSoftmaxPatterns(patterns, ctx);
   populateConcatPatterns(patterns, ctx);
+  populateFlattenPatterns(patterns, ctx);
   populateGatherPatterns(patterns, ctx);
   populateResizePatterns(patterns, ctx);
   populateReshapePatterns(patterns, ctx);

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns.hpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ void populateReluPatterns(mlir::RewritePatternSet& patterns, mlir::MLIRContext*
 void populateSigmoidPatterns(mlir::RewritePatternSet& patterns, mlir::MLIRContext* ctx);
 void populateSoftmaxPatterns(mlir::RewritePatternSet& patterns, mlir::MLIRContext* ctx);
 void populateConcatPatterns(mlir::RewritePatternSet& patterns, mlir::MLIRContext* ctx);
+void populateFlattenPatterns(mlir::RewritePatternSet& patterns, mlir::MLIRContext* ctx);
 void populateGatherPatterns(mlir::RewritePatternSet& patterns, mlir::MLIRContext* ctx);
 void populateResizePatterns(mlir::RewritePatternSet& patterns, mlir::MLIRContext* ctx);
 void populateReshapePatterns(mlir::RewritePatternSet& patterns, mlir::MLIRContext* ctx);

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns/Math/ConvGeometry.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#include "ConvGeometry.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ShapeUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Compiler/PimCompilerOptions.hpp"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+
+bool isDepthwiseConv(int64_t group, int64_t numChannelsIn, int64_t numChannelsOut, int64_t numChannelsInPerGroup) {
+  return group == numChannelsIn && numChannelsInPerGroup == 1 && numChannelsOut % group == 0;
+}
+
+ConvGeometry buildConvGeometry(const ConvLoweringState& state) {
+  ConvGeometry geo {
+    state.batchSize,
+    state.numChannelsIn,
+    state.xHeight,
+    state.xWidth,
+    state.numChannelsOut,
+    state.wHeight,
+    state.wWidth,
+    state.outHeight,
+    state.outWidth,
+    state.group,
+    state.numChannelsInPerGroup,
+    state.numChannelsOutPerGroup,
+    state.numChannelsInPerGroup * state.wHeight * state.wWidth,
+    state.numChannelsOutPerGroup,
+    state.batchSize * state.outHeight * state.outWidth,
+    static_cast<int64_t>(crossbarSize.getValue()),
+    1,
+    0,
+    state.hasBias,
+    isDepthwiseConv(state.group, state.numChannelsIn, state.numChannelsOut, state.numChannelsInPerGroup),
+  };
+  geo.pack = std::max<int64_t>(1, geo.xbarSize / std::max<int64_t>(geo.k, geo.c));
+  geo.im2colElements = static_cast<uint64_t>(std::max<int64_t>(0, geo.p)) * static_cast<uint64_t>(std::max<int64_t>(0, geo.k));
+  return geo;
+}
+
+uint64_t chooseStreamChunkPositions(const ConvGeometry& geo, int64_t packFactor) {
+  const uint64_t patchElements = static_cast<uint64_t>(std::max<int64_t>(1, geo.k));
+  uint64_t chunkPositions = std::max<uint64_t>(1, pimConvIm2colMaxElements / patchElements);
+  chunkPositions = std::min<uint64_t>(chunkPositions, static_cast<uint64_t>(std::max<int64_t>(1, geo.p)));
+  chunkPositions = std::min<uint64_t>(chunkPositions, std::max<uint64_t>(1, pimConvStreamChunkPositions));
+
+  if (packFactor > 1 && chunkPositions > static_cast<uint64_t>(packFactor)) {
+    chunkPositions -= chunkPositions % static_cast<uint64_t>(packFactor);
+    chunkPositions = std::max<uint64_t>(chunkPositions, static_cast<uint64_t>(packFactor));
+  }
+  return std::max<uint64_t>(1, chunkPositions);
+}
+
+RowInterval computeConvInputRowsForOutputRows(RowInterval outputRows, const ConvLoweringState& state) {
+  const int64_t rawBegin = outputRows.begin * state.strideHeight - state.padHeightBegin;
+  const int64_t rawEnd =
+    (outputRows.end - 1) * state.strideHeight - state.padHeightBegin + state.dilationHeight * (state.wHeight - 1) + 1;
+  return {std::max<int64_t>(0, rawBegin), std::min<int64_t>(state.xHeight, rawEnd)};
+}
+
+ConvRowDemand buildConvRowDemand(RowInterval outputRows, const ConvLoweringState& state) {
+  ConvRowDemand demand;
+  demand.outputRows = outputRows;
+  demand.neededInputRows = computeConvInputRowsForOutputRows(outputRows, state);
+  demand.acquiredInputRows = demand.neededInputRows;
+
+  const int64_t rawBegin = outputRows.begin * state.strideHeight - state.padHeightBegin;
+  const int64_t rawEnd =
+    (outputRows.end - 1) * state.strideHeight - state.padHeightBegin + state.dilationHeight * (state.wHeight - 1) + 1;
+  demand.topHaloRows = std::max<int64_t>(0, -rawBegin);
+  demand.bottomHaloRows = std::max<int64_t>(0, rawEnd - state.xHeight);
+  demand.acquiredInputRows = demand.neededInputRows;
+  return demand;
+}
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns/Math/ConvGeometry.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Value.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+
+struct ConvLoweringState {
+  mlir::Value x;
+  mlir::Value w;
+  mlir::Value b;
+  mlir::RankedTensorType xType;
+  mlir::RankedTensorType wType;
+  mlir::RankedTensorType outType;
+  int64_t batchSize;
+  int64_t numChannelsIn;
+  int64_t xHeight;
+  int64_t xWidth;
+  int64_t numChannelsOut;
+  int64_t wHeight;
+  int64_t wWidth;
+  int64_t outHeight;
+  int64_t outWidth;
+  int64_t group;
+  int64_t numChannelsInPerGroup;
+  int64_t numChannelsOutPerGroup;
+  int64_t padHeightBegin;
+  int64_t padHeightEnd;
+  int64_t padWidthBegin;
+  int64_t padWidthEnd;
+  int64_t strideHeight;
+  int64_t strideWidth;
+  int64_t dilationHeight;
+  int64_t dilationWidth;
+  bool hasBias;
+};
+
+struct ConvGeometry {
+  int64_t batchSize;
+  int64_t numChannelsIn;
+  int64_t xHeight;
+  int64_t xWidth;
+  int64_t numChannelsOut;
+  int64_t wHeight;
+  int64_t wWidth;
+  int64_t outHeight;
+  int64_t outWidth;
+  int64_t group;
+  int64_t numChannelsInPerGroup;
+  int64_t numChannelsOutPerGroup;
+  int64_t k;
+  int64_t c;
+  int64_t p;
+  int64_t xbarSize;
+  int64_t pack;
+  uint64_t im2colElements;
+  bool hasBias;
+  bool isDepthwise;
+};
+
+struct RowInterval {
+  int64_t begin = 0;
+  int64_t end = 0;
+};
+
+struct ConvRowDemand {
+  RowInterval outputRows;
+  RowInterval neededInputRows;
+  RowInterval acquiredInputRows;
+  int64_t topHaloRows = 0;
+  int64_t bottomHaloRows = 0;
+};
+
+bool isDepthwiseConv(int64_t group, int64_t numChannelsIn, int64_t numChannelsOut, int64_t numChannelsInPerGroup);
+
+ConvGeometry buildConvGeometry(const ConvLoweringState& state);
+
+uint64_t chooseStreamChunkPositions(const ConvGeometry& geo, int64_t packFactor);
+
+RowInterval computeConvInputRowsForOutputRows(RowInterval outputRows, const ConvLoweringState& state);
+
+ConvRowDemand buildConvRowDemand(RowInterval outputRows, const ConvLoweringState& state);
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns/Math/Elementwise.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
 
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ShapeUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/BiasAddUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/Common.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
@@ -47,38 +47,28 @@ static FailureOr<Value> materializeBroadcastedConstantTensor(Value value,
     return failure();
 
   const int64_t rankOffset = static_cast<int64_t>(resultShape.size() - sourceShape.size());
-  for (int64_t i = 0; i < static_cast<int64_t>(resultShape.size()); ++i) {
-    const int64_t sourceIndex = i - rankOffset;
-    const int64_t sourceDim = sourceIndex < 0 ? 1 : sourceShape[sourceIndex];
-    const int64_t resultDim = resultShape[i];
-    if (sourceDim != 1 && sourceDim != resultDim)
-      return failure();
-  }
-
-  SmallVector<Attribute> sourceValues(denseAttr.getValues<Attribute>());
   SmallVector<int64_t> sourceStrides = computeRowMajorStrides(sourceShape);
   SmallVector<int64_t> resultStrides = computeRowMajorStrides(resultShape);
-
+  SmallVector<Attribute> sourceValues(denseAttr.getValues<Attribute>());
   SmallVector<Attribute> resultValues;
   resultValues.reserve(resultType.getNumElements());
 
   for (int64_t flatIndex = 0; flatIndex < resultType.getNumElements(); ++flatIndex) {
     int64_t remaining = flatIndex;
     int64_t sourceFlatIndex = 0;
-
     for (int64_t i = 0; i < static_cast<int64_t>(resultShape.size()); ++i) {
       const int64_t resultIndex = resultStrides.empty() ? 0 : remaining / resultStrides[i];
       remaining = resultStrides.empty() ? 0 : remaining % resultStrides[i];
-
       const int64_t sourceIndex = i - rankOffset;
       if (sourceIndex < 0)
         continue;
-
       const int64_t sourceDim = sourceShape[sourceIndex];
+      const int64_t resultDim = resultShape[i];
+      if (sourceDim != 1 && sourceDim != resultDim)
+        return failure();
       const int64_t mappedIndex = sourceDim == 1 ? 0 : resultIndex;
       sourceFlatIndex += mappedIndex * sourceStrides[sourceIndex];
     }
-
     resultValues.push_back(sourceValues[sourceFlatIndex]);
   }
 
@@ -106,7 +96,7 @@ static FailureOr<Value> materializeReciprocalTensor(Value value,
   if (failed(broadcastedValue))
     return failure();
 
-  auto denseAttr = dyn_cast<DenseFPElementsAttr>(getDenseConstantAttr(*broadcastedValue));
+  auto denseAttr = dyn_cast<DenseFPElementsAttr>(getHostConstDenseElementsAttr(*broadcastedValue));
   if (!denseAttr)
     return failure();
 
@@ -185,10 +175,45 @@ struct DivToSpatialCompute : OpConversionPattern<ONNXDivOp> {
   }
 };
 
+struct AddToSpatialCompute : OpConversionPattern<ONNXAddOp> {
+  using OpConversionPattern::OpConversionPattern;
+
+  LogicalResult
+  matchAndRewrite(ONNXAddOp op, ONNXAddOpAdaptor adaptor, ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter) const override {
+    auto resultType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(op.getResult().getType());
+    if (!resultType || !resultType.hasStaticShape())
+      return failure();
+
+    FailureOr<BiasAddPlanCandidate> candidate =
+      classifyBiasAddPlanCandidate(adaptor.getA(), adaptor.getB(), resultType);
+    if (succeeded(candidate)) {
+      auto plan = spatial::SpatBiasAddPlanOp::create(
+        rewriter, op.getLoc(), resultType, candidate->data, candidate->bias, rewriter.getStringAttr("nchw"));
+      rewriter.replaceOp(op, plan.getResult());
+      return success();
+    }
+
+    auto lhs = prepareElementwiseOperand(adaptor.getA(), resultType, rewriter, op.getLoc());
+    if (failed(lhs))
+      return failure();
+    auto rhs = prepareElementwiseOperand(adaptor.getB(), resultType, rewriter, op.getLoc());
+    if (failed(rhs))
+      return failure();
+
+    auto computeOp =
+      createSpatCompute<2>(rewriter, op.getLoc(), resultType, {}, ValueRange {*lhs, *rhs}, [&](Value x, Value y) {
+        auto loweredOp = spatial::SpatVAddOp::create(rewriter, op.getLoc(), resultType, x, y);
+        spatial::SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, op.getLoc(), loweredOp.getResult());
+      });
+    rewriter.replaceOp(op, computeOp);
+    return success();
+  }
+};
+
 } // namespace
 
 void populateElementwisePatterns(RewritePatternSet& patterns, MLIRContext* ctx) {
-  patterns.add<BinaryElementwiseToSpatialCompute<ONNXAddOp, spatial::SpatVAddOp>>(ctx);
+  patterns.add<AddToSpatialCompute>(ctx);
   patterns.add<BinaryElementwiseToSpatialCompute<ONNXSubOp, spatial::SpatVSubOp>>(ctx);
   patterns.add<BinaryElementwiseToSpatialCompute<ONNXMulOp, spatial::SpatVMulOp>>(ctx);
   patterns.add<DivToSpatialCompute>(ctx);

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns/Math/Gemm.cpp

@@ -87,28 +87,6 @@ static Value createGemmBatchHOffset(Value lane,
                                  rewriter.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp());
 }
 
-static Value
-createZeroPaddedTensor(Value value, RankedTensorType resultType, ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc) {
-  auto sourceType = cast<RankedTensorType>(value.getType());
-  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> lowPads(sourceType.getRank(), rewriter.getIndexAttr(0));
-  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> highPads;
-  highPads.reserve(sourceType.getRank());
-  for (auto [sourceDim, resultDim] : llvm::zip(sourceType.getShape(), resultType.getShape()))
-    highPads.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(resultDim - sourceDim));
-
-  auto padOp = tensor::PadOp::create(rewriter, loc, resultType, value, lowPads, highPads);
-  auto* padBlock = new Block();
-  for (int64_t i = 0; i < sourceType.getRank(); ++i)
-    padBlock->addArgument(rewriter.getIndexType(), loc);
-  padOp.getRegion().push_back(padBlock);
-  rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(padBlock);
-  auto zero = getOrCreateConstant(
-    rewriter, padOp.getOperation(), rewriter.getZeroAttr(sourceType.getElementType()), sourceType.getElementType());
-  tensor::YieldOp::create(rewriter, loc, zero);
-  rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(padOp);
-  return padOp.getResult();
-}
-
 static FailureOr<Value> materializePaddedConstantMatrix(Value value,
                                                         RankedTensorType resultType,
                                                         ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter,
@@ -232,22 +210,6 @@ static Value extractATile(
   return tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(rewriter, loc, aTileType, a, offsets, sizes, strides).getResult();
 }
 
-static Value createPaddedInputCompute(Value input,
-                                      RankedTensorType paddedInputType,
-                                      ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter,
-                                      Location loc) {
-  auto inputType = cast<RankedTensorType>(input.getType());
-  if (inputType == paddedInputType)
-    return input;
-
-  auto computeOp = createSpatCompute<1>(rewriter, loc, TypeRange {paddedInputType}, {}, input, [&](Value computeInput) {
-    Value paddedInput = createZeroPaddedTensor(computeInput, paddedInputType, rewriter, loc);
-    spatial::SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, loc, paddedInput);
-  });
-
-  return computeOp.getResult(0);
-}
-
 static FailureOr<spatial::SpatComputeBatch> createVmmBatch(Value a,
                                                            Value b,
                                                            RankedTensorType aType,
@@ -285,15 +247,11 @@ static FailureOr<spatial::SpatComputeBatch> createVmmBatch(Value a,
       SmallVector<OpFoldResult> bSizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(crossbarSize.getValue()),
                                         rewriter.getIndexAttr(crossbarSize.getValue())};
       SmallVector<OpFoldResult> unitStrides = getUnitStrides(rewriter, 2);
-      Value bTile =
-        tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(rewriter, loc, bTileType, args.weights.front(), bOffsets, bSizes, unitStrides)
-          .getResult();
+      Value bTile = extractStaticSliceOrIdentity(
+        rewriter, loc, args.weights.front(), bTileType, bOffsets, bSizes, unitStrides);
       Value piece = spatial::SpatVMMOp::create(rewriter, loc, pieceType, bTile, aTile).getResult();
 
-      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> pieceOffsets {args.lane, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
-      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> pieceSizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(crossbarSize.getValue())};
-      createParallelInsertSliceIntoBatchOutput(
-        rewriter, loc, piece, args.outputs.front(), pieceOffsets, pieceSizes, unitStrides);
+      publishGraphBatchPhysicalFragment(rewriter, loc, piece, args.outputs.front(), args.lane);
     });
   if (failed(batchOp))
     return failure();
@@ -440,11 +398,7 @@ static FailureOr<spatial::SpatComputeBatch> createVvdmulBatch(Value a,
       Value bVector = extractDynamicGemmBColumn(args.inputs[1], column, vectorType, rewriter, loc);
       Value scalar = spatial::SpatVVDMulOp::create(rewriter, loc, scalarType, aVector, bVector).getResult();
 
-      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> outputOffsets {args.lane, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
-      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> scalarSizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(1)};
-      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> unitStrides = getUnitStrides(rewriter, 2);
-      createParallelInsertSliceIntoBatchOutput(
-        rewriter, loc, scalar, args.outputs.front(), outputOffsets, scalarSizes, unitStrides);
+      publishGraphBatchPhysicalFragment(rewriter, loc, scalar, args.outputs.front(), args.lane);
     });
   if (failed(batchOp))
     return failure();
@@ -486,15 +440,14 @@ static FailureOr<spatial::SpatCompute> createDynamicGemmOutputCompute(Value scal
         Value row = createDynamicGemmBatchRow(lane, numOutCols, rewriter, nestedLoc);
         Value column =
           onnx_mlir::affineModConst(rewriter, nestedLoc, lane, numOutCols, rewriter.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp());
-        SmallVector<OpFoldResult> scalarOffsets {lane, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
         SmallVector<OpFoldResult> scalarSizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(1)};
         SmallVector<OpFoldResult> unitStrides {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(1)};
-        Value scalar = tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(
-                         rewriter, nestedLoc, scalarType, pieces, scalarOffsets, scalarSizes, unitStrides)
-                         .getResult();
+        FailureOr<Value> scalar = extractGraphBatchPhysicalFragment(rewriter, nestedLoc, pieces, lane, scalarType);
+        if (failed(scalar))
+          return failure();
         if (alpha != 1.0f) {
           Value alphaTensor = createScalarTensorConstant(scalarType, alpha, rewriter, nestedLoc);
-          scalar = spatial::SpatVMulOp::create(rewriter, nestedLoc, scalarType, scalar, alphaTensor).getResult();
+          *scalar = spatial::SpatVMulOp::create(rewriter, nestedLoc, scalarType, *scalar, alphaTensor).getResult();
         }
         if (biasArg) {
           Value biasScalar =
@@ -504,11 +457,11 @@ static FailureOr<spatial::SpatCompute> createDynamicGemmOutputCompute(Value scal
             biasScalar =
               spatial::SpatVMulOp::create(rewriter, nestedLoc, scalarType, biasScalar, betaTensor).getResult();
           }
-          scalar = spatial::SpatVAddOp::create(rewriter, nestedLoc, scalarType, scalar, biasScalar).getResult();
+          *scalar = spatial::SpatVAddOp::create(rewriter, nestedLoc, scalarType, *scalar, biasScalar).getResult();
         }
         SmallVector<OpFoldResult> outputOffsets {row, column};
         Value outputNext =
-          tensor::InsertSliceOp::create(rewriter, nestedLoc, scalar, outputAcc, outputOffsets, scalarSizes, unitStrides)
+          tensor::InsertSliceOp::create(rewriter, nestedLoc, *scalar, outputAcc, outputOffsets, scalarSizes, unitStrides)
             .getResult();
         yielded.push_back(outputNext);
         return success();
@@ -544,14 +497,13 @@ static Value extractReductionPiece(Value partialPiecesArg,
                                    int64_t numOutRows,
                                    ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter,
                                    Location loc) {
-  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> unitStrides {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(1)};
-  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> pieceSizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(numOutRows),
-                                        rewriter.getIndexAttr(crossbarSize.getValue())};
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> unitStrides {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(1)};
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> pieceSizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(numOutRows), rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(crossbarSize.getValue())};
   SmallVector<OpFoldResult> pieceOffsets {
-    createPartialGroupOffset(hSlice, kSlice, numKSlices, numOutRows, rewriter, loc), rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
-  return tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(
-           rewriter, loc, pieceType, partialPiecesArg, pieceOffsets, pieceSizes, unitStrides)
-    .getResult();
+    createPartialGroupOffset(hSlice, kSlice, numKSlices, numOutRows, rewriter, loc), rewriter.getIndexAttr(0), rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
+  auto selectedType = RankedTensorType::get({numOutRows, 1, static_cast<int64_t>(crossbarSize.getValue())}, pieceType.getElementType());
+  Value selected = tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(rewriter, loc, selectedType, partialPiecesArg, pieceOffsets, pieceSizes, unitStrides);
+  return tensor::CollapseShapeOp::create(rewriter, loc, pieceType, selected, SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> {{0, 1}, {2}});
 }
 
 static Value reducePartialPiecesForHSlice(Value partialPiecesArg,
@@ -769,7 +721,7 @@ LogicalResult GemmToSpatialComputes::matchAndRewrite(ONNXGemmOp gemmOp,
       return failure();
     }
 
-    auto scalarPiecesType = RankedTensorType::get({laneCount64, 1}, outType.getElementType());
+    auto scalarPiecesType = spatial::getGraphBatchPhysicalResultType(laneCount64, RankedTensorType::get({1, 1}, outType.getElementType()));
     auto batchOp = createVvdmulBatch(a, b, aType, bType, scalarPiecesType, outType, rewriter, loc);
     if (failed(batchOp))
       return failure();
@@ -841,8 +793,8 @@ LogicalResult GemmToSpatialComputes::matchAndRewrite(ONNXGemmOp gemmOp,
     return failure();
   }
 
-  auto partialPiecesType =
-    RankedTensorType::get({laneCount64, static_cast<int64_t>(crossbarSize.getValue())}, outType.getElementType());
+  auto partialPiecesType = spatial::getGraphBatchPhysicalResultType(
+    laneCount64, RankedTensorType::get({1, static_cast<int64_t>(crossbarSize.getValue())}, outType.getElementType()));
   auto batchOp =
     createVmmBatch(a, b, aType, paddedBType, partialPiecesType, numOutRows, numKSlices, numOutHSlices, rewriter, loc);
   if (failed(batchOp))

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns/Math/MatMul.cpp

@@ -255,42 +255,6 @@ static Value transposeLastTwoDims(Value value, PatternRewriter& rewriter, Locati
   return createONNXTranspose(resultType, {0, 2, 1});
 }
 
-static Value createZeroPaddedTensor(Value value, RankedTensorType resultType, PatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc) {
-  auto sourceType = cast<RankedTensorType>(value.getType());
-  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> lowPads(sourceType.getRank(), rewriter.getIndexAttr(0));
-  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> highPads;
-  highPads.reserve(sourceType.getRank());
-  for (auto [sourceDim, resultDim] : llvm::zip(sourceType.getShape(), resultType.getShape()))
-    highPads.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(resultDim - sourceDim));
-
-  auto padOp = tensor::PadOp::create(rewriter, loc, resultType, value, lowPads, highPads);
-  auto* padBlock = new Block();
-  for (int64_t i = 0; i < sourceType.getRank(); ++i)
-    padBlock->addArgument(rewriter.getIndexType(), loc);
-  padOp.getRegion().push_back(padBlock);
-  rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(padBlock);
-  auto zero = getOrCreateConstant(
-    rewriter, padOp.getOperation(), rewriter.getZeroAttr(sourceType.getElementType()), sourceType.getElementType());
-  tensor::YieldOp::create(rewriter, loc, zero);
-  rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(padOp);
-  return padOp.getResult();
-}
-
-static Value createPaddedBatchedInputCompute(Value input,
-                                             RankedTensorType paddedInputType,
-                                             PatternRewriter& rewriter,
-                                             Location loc) {
-  auto inputType = cast<RankedTensorType>(input.getType());
-  if (inputType == paddedInputType)
-    return input;
-
-  auto computeOp = createSpatCompute<1>(rewriter, loc, TypeRange {paddedInputType}, {}, input, [&](Value computeInput) {
-    Value paddedInput = createZeroPaddedTensor(computeInput, paddedInputType, rewriter, loc);
-    spatial::SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, loc, paddedInput);
-  });
-  return computeOp.getResult(0);
-}
-
 static FailureOr<Value> materializePaddedBatchedWeight(Value value,
                                                        ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceBatchShape,
                                                        ArrayRef<int64_t> targetBatchShape,
@@ -434,10 +398,7 @@ static FailureOr<spatial::SpatComputeBatch> createBatchedVmmBatch(Value a,
         args.weights.front(), bBatchShape, outputBatchShape, batch, kOffset, hOffset, bTileType, rewriter, loc);
       Value piece = spatial::SpatVMMOp::create(rewriter, loc, pieceType, bTile, aTile).getResult();
 
-      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> pieceOffsets {args.lane, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
-      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> pieceSizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(crossbarSize.getValue())};
-      createParallelInsertSliceIntoBatchOutput(
-        rewriter, loc, piece, args.outputs.front(), pieceOffsets, pieceSizes, getUnitStrides(rewriter, 2));
+      publishGraphBatchPhysicalFragment(rewriter, loc, piece, args.outputs.front(), args.lane);
     });
   if (failed(batchOp))
     return failure();
@@ -542,10 +503,7 @@ static FailureOr<spatial::SpatComputeBatch> createBatchedVvdmulBatch(Value a,
       Value bVector = extractDynamicBatchedBColumn(
         args.inputs[1], bBatchShape, outputBatchShape, batch, column, vectorType, rewriter, loc);
       Value scalar = spatial::SpatVVDMulOp::create(rewriter, loc, scalarType, aVector, bVector).getResult();
-      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> outputOffsets {args.lane, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
-      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> scalarSizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(1)};
-      createParallelInsertSliceIntoBatchOutput(
-        rewriter, loc, scalar, args.outputs.front(), outputOffsets, scalarSizes, getUnitStrides(rewriter, 2));
+      publishGraphBatchPhysicalFragment(rewriter, loc, scalar, args.outputs.front(), args.lane);
     });
   if (failed(batchOp))
     return failure();
@@ -584,14 +542,13 @@ static FailureOr<Value> createBatchedDynamicOutputCompute(Value scalarPieces,
           Value batchLane = affineModConst(rewriter, nestedLoc, lane, numOutRows * numOutCols, anchorOp);
           Value row = affineFloorDivConst(rewriter, nestedLoc, batchLane, numOutCols, anchorOp);
           Value column = affineModConst(rewriter, nestedLoc, batchLane, numOutCols, anchorOp);
-          SmallVector<OpFoldResult> scalarOffsets {lane, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
-          SmallVector<OpFoldResult> scalarSizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(1)};
-          Value scalar = tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(
-            rewriter, nestedLoc, scalarType, pieces, scalarOffsets, scalarSizes, getUnitStrides(rewriter, 2));
+          FailureOr<Value> scalar = extractGraphBatchPhysicalFragment(rewriter, nestedLoc, pieces, lane, scalarType);
+          if (failed(scalar))
+            return failure();
           Value expanded = tensor::ExpandShapeOp::create(rewriter,
                                                          nestedLoc,
                                                          outputScalarType,
-                                                         scalar,
+                                                         *scalar,
                                                          SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> {
                                                            {0},
                                                            {1, 2}
@@ -632,10 +589,11 @@ static Value extractBatchedReductionPiece(Value partialPiecesArg,
   Value kOffset = getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, rewriter.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp(), kSlice * numOutRows);
   Value batchAndHSlice = arith::AddIOp::create(rewriter, loc, batchOffset, hOffset);
   Value pieceOffset = arith::AddIOp::create(rewriter, loc, batchAndHSlice, kOffset);
-  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> offsets {pieceOffset, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
-  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> sizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(numOutRows), rewriter.getIndexAttr(crossbarSize.getValue())};
-  return tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(
-    rewriter, loc, pieceType, partialPiecesArg, offsets, sizes, getUnitStrides(rewriter, 2));
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> offsets {pieceOffset, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0), rewriter.getIndexAttr(0)};
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> sizes {rewriter.getIndexAttr(numOutRows), rewriter.getIndexAttr(1), rewriter.getIndexAttr(crossbarSize.getValue())};
+  auto selectedType = RankedTensorType::get({numOutRows, 1, static_cast<int64_t>(crossbarSize.getValue())}, pieceType.getElementType());
+  Value selected = tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(rewriter, loc, selectedType, partialPiecesArg, offsets, sizes, getUnitStrides(rewriter, 3));
+  return tensor::CollapseShapeOp::create(rewriter, loc, pieceType, selected, SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> {{0, 1}, {2}});
 }
 
 static Value reduceBatchedPartialPiecesForHSlice(Value partialPiecesArg,
@@ -953,9 +911,7 @@ struct MatMulToGemm : OpRewritePattern<ONNXMatMulOp> {
     if (failed(shapeInfo) || shapeInfo->lhsWasVector || shapeInfo->rhsWasVector)
       return failure();
 
-    const bool hasNonSingletonOutputBatch =
-      !shapeInfo->outputBatchShape.empty() && getStaticShapeElementCount(shapeInfo->outputBatchShape) != 1;
-    if (hasNonSingletonOutputBatch)
+    if (!shapeInfo->outputBatchShape.empty())
       return failure();
 
     Location loc = matmulOp.getLoc();
@@ -1055,10 +1011,10 @@ struct MatMulBatchedToSpatialComputes : OpRewritePattern<ONNXMatMulOp> {
       auto paddedRhs =
         materializePaddedBatchedWeight(plan.rhs, plan.rhsBatchShape, plan.outputBatchShape, paddedRhsType, rewriter);
       if (succeeded(paddedRhs)) {
-        Value paddedLhs = createPaddedBatchedInputCompute(plan.lhs, paddedLhsType, rewriter, loc);
+        Value paddedLhs = createPaddedInputCompute(plan.lhs, paddedLhsType, rewriter, loc);
         const int64_t laneCount = plan.batch * plan.m * numKSlices * numOutHSlices;
-        auto partialPiecesType = RankedTensorType::get({laneCount, static_cast<int64_t>(crossbarSize.getValue())},
-                                                       shapeInfo->outType.getElementType());
+        auto partialPiecesType = spatial::getGraphBatchPhysicalResultType(
+          laneCount, RankedTensorType::get({1, static_cast<int64_t>(crossbarSize.getValue())}, shapeInfo->outType.getElementType()));
         auto batchOp = createBatchedVmmBatch(paddedLhs,
                                              *paddedRhs,
                                              paddedLhsType,
@@ -1099,7 +1055,8 @@ struct MatMulBatchedToSpatialComputes : OpRewritePattern<ONNXMatMulOp> {
       }
     }
     const int64_t laneCount = plan.batch * plan.m * plan.n;
-    auto scalarPiecesType = RankedTensorType::get({laneCount, 1}, shapeInfo->outType.getElementType());
+    auto scalarPiecesType = spatial::getGraphBatchPhysicalResultType(
+      laneCount, RankedTensorType::get({1, 1}, shapeInfo->outType.getElementType()));
     auto batchOp = createBatchedVvdmulBatch(plan.lhs,
                                             plan.lhsBatchShape,
                                             plan.rhs,

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns/Math/ReduceMean.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <numeric>
 #include <optional>
 #include <type_traits>
 
@@ -122,14 +121,6 @@ static RankedTensorType getKeepdimsType(RankedTensorType inputType, Type element
   return RankedTensorType::get(shape, elementType, inputType.getEncoding());
 }
 
-static RankedTensorType getCompactKeptType(RankedTensorType inputType, Type elementType, ArrayRef<bool> reducedAxes) {
-  SmallVector<int64_t> shape;
-  for (auto [dim, isReduced] : llvm::zip_equal(inputType.getShape(), reducedAxes))
-    if (!isReduced)
-      shape.push_back(dim);
-  return RankedTensorType::get(shape, elementType, inputType.getEncoding());
-}
-
 static RankedTensorType getReducedSliceType(RankedTensorType inputType, ArrayRef<bool> reducedAxes) {
   SmallVector<int64_t> shape;
   shape.reserve(inputType.getRank());
@@ -139,9 +130,7 @@ static RankedTensorType getReducedSliceType(RankedTensorType inputType, ArrayRef
 }
 
 static RankedTensorType getLanePackedKeepdimsType(int64_t laneCount, RankedTensorType leafType) {
-  SmallVector<int64_t> shape(leafType.getShape().begin(), leafType.getShape().end());
-  shape.front() = laneCount;
-  return RankedTensorType::get(shape, leafType.getElementType(), leafType.getEncoding());
+  return spatial::getGraphBatchPhysicalResultType(laneCount, leafType);
 }
 
 static SmallVector<int64_t> getKeptAxes(ArrayRef<bool> reducedAxes) {
@@ -191,12 +180,9 @@ static FailureOr<Value> buildReduceMeanKeepdimsBatch(Value input,
 
   SmallVector<OpFoldResult> sliceOffsets;
   SmallVector<OpFoldResult> sliceSizes;
-  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> insertOffsets;
-  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> insertSizes(inputType.getRank(), rewriter.getIndexAttr(1));
   SmallVector<OpFoldResult> unitStrides = getUnitStrides(rewriter, inputType.getRank());
   sliceOffsets.reserve(inputType.getRank());
   sliceSizes.reserve(inputType.getRank());
-  insertOffsets.reserve(inputType.getRank());
 
   auto batchOp =
     createSpatComputeBatch(rewriter,
@@ -209,7 +195,6 @@ static FailureOr<Value> buildReduceMeanKeepdimsBatch(Value input,
                              size_t keptAxisIndex = 0;
                              sliceOffsets.clear();
                              sliceSizes.clear();
-                             insertOffsets.clear();
                              for (auto [axis, isReduced] : llvm::enumerate(reducedAxes)) {
                                if (isReduced) {
                                  sliceOffsets.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(0));
@@ -224,72 +209,90 @@ static FailureOr<Value> buildReduceMeanKeepdimsBatch(Value input,
                                sliceSizes.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(1));
                              }
 
-                             insertOffsets.push_back(args.lane);
-                             insertOffsets.append(inputType.getRank() - 1, rewriter.getIndexAttr(0));
-
                              Value slice = tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(
                                rewriter, loc, sliceType, args.inputs.front(), sliceOffsets, sliceSizes, unitStrides);
                              Value reduced = spatial::SpatVAvgOp::create(rewriter, loc, leafType, slice).getResult();
-                             createParallelInsertSliceIntoBatchOutput(
-                               rewriter, loc, reduced, args.outputs.front(), insertOffsets, insertSizes, unitStrides);
+                             publishGraphBatchPhysicalFragment(rewriter, loc, reduced, args.outputs.front(), args.lane);
                            });
   if (failed(batchOp))
     return failure();
   return (*batchOp).getResult(0);
 }
 
-static Value buildKeepdimsFromLanePackedBatch(Value batchValue,
-                                              RankedTensorType keepdimsType,
-                                              RankedTensorType compactKeptType,
-                                              ArrayRef<bool> reducedAxes,
-                                              ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter,
+static FailureOr<Value> buildReduceMeanKeepdimsBlueprint(
+    Value batchValue, RankedTensorType keepdimsType,
+    ArrayRef<bool> reducedAxes, ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter,
     Location loc) {
-  auto batchType = cast<RankedTensorType>(batchValue.getType());
-  if (batchType == keepdimsType)
-    return batchValue;
+  auto batchType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(batchValue.getType());
+  int64_t rank = keepdimsType.getRank();
+  if (!batchType || !batchType.hasStaticShape()
+      || !keepdimsType.hasStaticShape()
+      || static_cast<int64_t>(reducedAxes.size()) != rank
+      || batchType.getRank() != rank + 1
+      || batchType.getElementType() != keepdimsType.getElementType())
+    return failure();
 
-  SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> collapseToFlat {{}};
-  for (int64_t axis = 0; axis < batchType.getRank(); ++axis)
-    collapseToFlat.front().push_back(axis);
+  int64_t laneCount = 1;
+  SmallVector<int64_t> keptAxes;
+  SmallVector<int64_t> keptAxisStrides;
+  for (auto [axis, isReduced] : llvm::enumerate(reducedAxes)) {
+    int64_t dim = keepdimsType.getDimSize(axis);
+    if (dim <= 0 || (isReduced && dim != 1))
+      return failure();
+    if (!isReduced)
+      keptAxes.push_back(axis);
+  }
+  keptAxisStrides.resize(keptAxes.size(), 1);
+  for (int64_t index = static_cast<int64_t>(keptAxes.size()) - 1;
+       index >= 0; --index) {
+    keptAxisStrides[index] = laneCount;
+    int64_t dim = keepdimsType.getDimSize(keptAxes[index]);
+    if (laneCount > std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max() / dim)
+      return failure();
+    laneCount *= dim;
+  }
+  if (batchType.getDimSize(0) != laneCount
+      || llvm::any_of(batchType.getShape().drop_front(),
+                      [](int64_t dim) { return dim != 1; }))
+    return failure();
 
-  SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> expandFlatToCompact(1);
-  for (int64_t axis = 0; axis < compactKeptType.getRank(); ++axis)
-    expandFlatToCompact.front().push_back(axis);
-
-  SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> expandCompactToKeepdims;
-  ReassociationIndices pendingLeadingReducedAxes;
+  SmallVector<int64_t> operandIndices(laneCount, 0);
+  SmallVector<int64_t> sourceSlots;
+  SmallVector<int64_t> sourceOffsets(laneCount, 0);
+  SmallVector<int64_t> fragmentOffsets;
+  sourceSlots.reserve(laneCount);
+  fragmentOffsets.reserve(laneCount * rank);
+  for (int64_t lane = 0; lane < laneCount; ++lane) {
+    sourceSlots.push_back(lane);
+    size_t keptAxisIndex = 0;
     for (auto [axis, isReduced] : llvm::enumerate(reducedAxes)) {
       if (isReduced) {
-      if (expandCompactToKeepdims.empty())
-        pendingLeadingReducedAxes.push_back(axis);
-      else
-        expandCompactToKeepdims.back().push_back(axis);
+        fragmentOffsets.push_back(0);
         continue;
       }
-
-    expandCompactToKeepdims.emplace_back();
-    auto& group = expandCompactToKeepdims.back();
-    group.append(pendingLeadingReducedAxes.begin(), pendingLeadingReducedAxes.end());
-    pendingLeadingReducedAxes.clear();
-    group.push_back(axis);
+      int64_t dim = keepdimsType.getDimSize(axis);
+      fragmentOffsets.push_back(
+        (lane / keptAxisStrides[keptAxisIndex]) % dim);
+      ++keptAxisIndex;
     }
-  if (!pendingLeadingReducedAxes.empty())
-    expandCompactToKeepdims.back().append(pendingLeadingReducedAxes.begin(), pendingLeadingReducedAxes.end());
-
-  auto reshapeCompute =
-    createSpatCompute<1>(rewriter, loc, TypeRange {keepdimsType}, {}, ValueRange {batchValue}, [&](Value input) {
-      auto flatType =
-        RankedTensorType::get({batchType.getDimSize(0)}, batchType.getElementType(), batchType.getEncoding());
-      Value flat = tensor::CollapseShapeOp::create(rewriter, loc, flatType, input, collapseToFlat);
-      Value compact = flat;
-      if (compactKeptType != flatType)
-        compact = tensor::ExpandShapeOp::create(rewriter, loc, compactKeptType, flat, expandFlatToCompact);
-      Value keepdims = compact;
-      if (keepdimsType != compactKeptType)
-        keepdims = tensor::ExpandShapeOp::create(rewriter, loc, keepdimsType, compact, expandCompactToKeepdims);
-      spatial::SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, loc, keepdims);
-    });
-  return reshapeCompute.getResult(0);
+  }
+  SmallVector<int64_t> fragmentSizes(fragmentOffsets.size(), 1);
+  SmallVector<int64_t> fragmentStrides(fragmentOffsets.size(), 1);
+  return spatial::SpatBlueprintOp::create(
+           rewriter, loc, keepdimsType, batchValue, ValueRange {},
+           rewriter.getStringAttr("nchw"),
+           rewriter.getStringAttr("fragmented"),
+           rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(fragmentOffsets),
+           rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(fragmentSizes),
+           rewriter.getStringAttr("reduce_mean_keepdims_fragments"),
+           rewriter.getStringAttr("fragment_assembly"),
+           rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(operandIndices),
+           rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(sourceSlots),
+           rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(sourceOffsets),
+           rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(fragmentStrides),
+           rewriter.getStringAttr("disjoint"),
+           rewriter.getStringAttr("complete"))
+    .getOutput();
 }
 
 static SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> buildCollapseReassociation(ArrayRef<bool> reducedAxes) {
@@ -366,26 +369,36 @@ struct ReduceMeanToSpatialCompute : OpConversionPattern<ReduceMeanOp> {
 
     Location loc = reduceMeanOp.getLoc();
     RankedTensorType leafType = getAllOnesType(inputType, resultType.getElementType());
-    RankedTensorType compactKeptType = getCompactKeptType(inputType, resultType.getElementType(), reducedAxes);
     RankedTensorType keepdimsType = getKeepdimsType(inputType, resultType.getElementType(), reducedAxes);
     int64_t laneCount = 1;
-    for (int64_t dim : compactKeptType.getShape())
+    for (auto [dim, isReduced] : llvm::zip_equal(keepdimsType.getShape(), reducedAxes)) {
+      if (isReduced)
+        continue;
+      if (dim <= 0 || laneCount > std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max() / dim)
+        return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(
+          reduceMeanOp, "ReduceMean physical lane count is not representable");
       laneCount *= dim;
+    }
     RankedTensorType batchType = getLanePackedKeepdimsType(laneCount, leafType);
 
     auto lanePackedKeepdims =
       buildReduceMeanKeepdimsBatch(adaptor.getData(), reducedAxes, batchType, leafType, rewriter, loc);
     if (failed(lanePackedKeepdims))
       return failure();
-    Value reducedKeepdims =
-      buildKeepdimsFromLanePackedBatch(*lanePackedKeepdims, keepdimsType, compactKeptType, reducedAxes, rewriter, loc);
+    auto reducedKeepdims = buildReduceMeanKeepdimsBlueprint(
+      *lanePackedKeepdims, keepdimsType, reducedAxes, rewriter, loc);
+    if (failed(reducedKeepdims))
+      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(
+        reduceMeanOp,
+        "cannot build physical-fragment ReduceMean keepdims reconstruction");
 
     if (semantics->keepdims != 0) {
-      rewriter.replaceOp(reduceMeanOp, reducedKeepdims);
+      rewriter.replaceOp(reduceMeanOp, *reducedKeepdims);
       return success();
     }
 
-    Value reduced = squeezeReducedAxes(reducedKeepdims, resultType, reducedAxes, rewriter, loc);
+    Value reduced = squeezeReducedAxes(
+      *reducedKeepdims, resultType, reducedAxes, rewriter, loc);
     rewriter.replaceOp(reduceMeanOp, reduced);
     return success();
   }

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns/Post.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/WeightUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/CheckedArithmetic.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/ComputeRegionBuilder.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/WeightMaterialization.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
@@ -128,8 +129,6 @@ struct PromoteWeightLikeComputeInputsPattern : OpRewritePattern<spatial::SpatGra
     Block& oldBlock = compute.getBody().front();
 
     rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(compute);
-    auto newCompute = spatial::SpatGraphCompute::create(
-      rewriter, compute.getLoc(), compute.getResultTypes(), promoted->newWeights, promoted->newInputs);
     SmallVector<Type> newBlockArgTypes;
     SmallVector<Location> newBlockArgLocs;
     for (Value weight : promoted->newWeights) {
@@ -138,10 +137,14 @@ struct PromoteWeightLikeComputeInputsPattern : OpRewritePattern<spatial::SpatGra
     }
     llvm::append_range(newBlockArgTypes, promoted->newInputTypes);
     llvm::append_range(newBlockArgLocs, promoted->newInputLocs);
-    auto* newBlock = rewriter.createBlock(
-      &newCompute.getBody(), newCompute.getBody().end(), TypeRange(newBlockArgTypes), newBlockArgLocs);
-    newCompute.getProperties().setOperandSegmentSizes(
-      {static_cast<int>(promoted->newWeights.size()), static_cast<int>(promoted->newInputs.size())});
+    auto newCompute = createEmptySpatGraphCompute(rewriter,
+                                                  compute.getLoc(),
+                                                  compute.getResultTypes(),
+                                                  promoted->newWeights,
+                                                  promoted->newInputs,
+                                                  TypeRange(newBlockArgTypes),
+                                                  newBlockArgLocs);
+    auto* newBlock = &newCompute.getBody().front();
     rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(newBlock);
 
     IRRewriter bodyRewriter(rewriter.getContext());
@@ -193,12 +196,6 @@ struct PromoteWeightLikeComputeBatchInputsPattern : OpRewritePattern<spatial::Sp
 
     rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(compute);
 
-    auto laneCountAttr = pim::getCheckedI32Attr(
-      rewriter, compute, static_cast<uint64_t>(compute.getLaneCount()), "promoted compute_batch lane count");
-    if (failed(laneCountAttr))
-      return failure();
-    auto newCompute = spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch::create(
-      rewriter, compute.getLoc(), compute.getResultTypes(), *laneCountAttr, promoted->newWeights, promoted->newInputs);
     auto laneArg = compute.getLaneArgument();
     if (!laneArg)
       return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "missing compute_batch lane block argument");
@@ -223,23 +220,30 @@ struct PromoteWeightLikeComputeBatchInputsPattern : OpRewritePattern<spatial::Sp
       newBlockArgLocs.push_back(outputArg->getLoc());
     }
 
-    auto* newBlock = rewriter.createBlock(
-      &newCompute.getBody(), newCompute.getBody().end(), TypeRange(newBlockArgTypes), newBlockArgLocs);
-    newCompute.getProperties().setOperandSegmentSizes(
-      {static_cast<int>(promoted->newWeights.size()), static_cast<int>(promoted->newInputs.size())});
+    auto newCompute = createEmptySpatGraphComputeBatch(rewriter,
+                                                       compute.getLoc(),
+                                                       compute.getResultTypes(),
+                                                       compute.getLaneCount(),
+                                                       promoted->newWeights,
+                                                       promoted->newInputs,
+                                                       TypeRange(newBlockArgTypes),
+                                                       newBlockArgLocs);
+    if (failed(newCompute))
+      return failure();
+    auto* newBlock = &(*newCompute).getBody().front();
     rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(newBlock);
 
     IRRewriter bodyRewriter(rewriter.getContext());
     bodyRewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(newBlock);
 
     IRMapping mapper;
-    auto newLaneArg = newCompute.getLaneArgument();
+    auto newLaneArg = (*newCompute).getLaneArgument();
     if (!newLaneArg)
       return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "missing rewritten compute_batch lane block argument");
     mapper.map(*laneArg, *newLaneArg);
     for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getWeights())) {
       auto oldWeightArg = compute.getWeightArgument(weightIndex);
-      auto newWeightArg = newCompute.getWeightArgument(weightIndex);
+      auto newWeightArg = (*newCompute).getWeightArgument(weightIndex);
       if (!oldWeightArg || !newWeightArg)
         return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "missing compute_batch weight block argument during rewrite");
       mapper.map(*oldWeightArg, *newWeightArg);
@@ -249,7 +253,7 @@ struct PromoteWeightLikeComputeBatchInputsPattern : OpRewritePattern<spatial::Sp
           *promoted,
           bodyRewriter,
           mapper,
-          [&](size_t index) { return newCompute.getInputArgument(index); },
+          [&](size_t index) { return (*newCompute).getInputArgument(index); },
           rewriter)))
       return failure();
     for (auto resultIndex : llvm::seq<size_t>(0, compute.getNumResults())) {
@@ -263,7 +267,7 @@ struct PromoteWeightLikeComputeBatchInputsPattern : OpRewritePattern<spatial::Sp
     for (Operation& op : oldBlock)
       rewriter.clone(op, mapper);
 
-    rewriter.replaceOp(compute, newCompute.getResults());
+    rewriter.replaceOp(compute, (*newCompute).getResults());
     return success();
   }
 };

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns/Tensor/Flatten.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
+#include "mlir/Transforms/DialectConversion.h"
+
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/Common.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
+#include "src/Dialect/ONNX/ONNXOps.hpp"
+
+using namespace mlir;
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+namespace {
+
+static FailureOr<int64_t> normalizeFlattenAxis(int64_t axis, int64_t rank) {
+  int64_t normalizedAxis = axis < 0 ? rank + axis : axis;
+  if (normalizedAxis < 0 || normalizedAxis > rank)
+    return failure();
+  return normalizedAxis;
+}
+
+static int64_t product(ArrayRef<int64_t> values) {
+  int64_t result = 1;
+  for (int64_t value : values)
+    result *= value;
+  return result;
+}
+
+static SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> getCollapseTo1DReassociation(int64_t rank) {
+  SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> reassociation(1);
+  reassociation.front().reserve(rank);
+  for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < rank; ++dim)
+    reassociation.front().push_back(dim);
+  return reassociation;
+}
+
+static SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> getExpandFrom1DReassociation(int64_t rank) {
+  SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> reassociation(1);
+  reassociation.front().reserve(rank);
+  for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < rank; ++dim)
+    reassociation.front().push_back(dim);
+  return reassociation;
+}
+
+static Value buildFlatten(Value input,
+                          RankedTensorType sourceType,
+                          RankedTensorType resultType,
+                          int64_t axis,
+                          ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                          Location loc) {
+  if (sourceType == resultType)
+    return input;
+
+  if (axis > 0 && axis < sourceType.getRank()) {
+    SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> reassociation(2);
+    for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < axis; ++dim)
+      reassociation[0].push_back(dim);
+    for (int64_t dim = axis; dim < sourceType.getRank(); ++dim)
+      reassociation[1].push_back(dim);
+    return tensor::CollapseShapeOp::create(rewriter, loc, resultType, input, reassociation);
+  }
+
+  Value flattened = input;
+  if (sourceType.getRank() != 1) {
+    auto flatType = RankedTensorType::get({sourceType.getNumElements()}, sourceType.getElementType());
+    flattened = tensor::CollapseShapeOp::create(
+      rewriter, loc, flatType, flattened, getCollapseTo1DReassociation(sourceType.getRank()));
+  }
+  return tensor::ExpandShapeOp::create(
+    rewriter, loc, resultType, flattened, getExpandFrom1DReassociation(resultType.getRank()));
+}
+
+struct Flatten : OpConversionPattern<ONNXFlattenOp> {
+  using OpConversionPattern::OpConversionPattern;
+
+  LogicalResult matchAndRewrite(ONNXFlattenOp flattenOp,
+                                ONNXFlattenOpAdaptor adaptor,
+                                ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter) const override {
+    auto sourceType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(adaptor.getInput().getType());
+    auto resultType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(flattenOp.getOperation()->getResult(0).getType());
+    if (!sourceType || !resultType || !sourceType.hasStaticShape() || !resultType.hasStaticShape())
+      return failure();
+    if (!hasStaticPositiveShape(sourceType) || !hasStaticPositiveShape(resultType) || resultType.getRank() != 2)
+      return failure();
+
+    auto axis = normalizeFlattenAxis(flattenOp.getAxis(), sourceType.getRank());
+    if (failed(axis))
+      return failure();
+
+    int64_t outerDim = product(sourceType.getShape().take_front(*axis));
+    int64_t innerDim = product(sourceType.getShape().drop_front(*axis));
+    if (resultType.getShape()[0] != outerDim || resultType.getShape()[1] != innerDim)
+      return failure();
+
+    auto replaceWithFlatten = [&](auto build) -> LogicalResult {
+      Value flattened = materializeOrComputeUnary(adaptor.getInput(), resultType, rewriter, flattenOp.getLoc(), build);
+      rewriter.replaceOp(flattenOp, flattened);
+      return success();
+    };
+
+    return replaceWithFlatten([&](Value input) {
+      return buildFlatten(input, sourceType, resultType, *axis, rewriter, flattenOp.getLoc());
+    });
+  }
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+void populateFlattenPatterns(RewritePatternSet& patterns, MLIRContext* ctx) { patterns.add<Flatten>(ctx); }
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns/Tensor/Transpose.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
 
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ShapeUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/CompileTime.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/Common.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns.hpp"
 #include "src/Dialect/ONNX/ONNXOps.hpp"
@@ -52,35 +52,12 @@ static FailureOr<Value> materializeTransposedConstant(Value input,
     return failure();
   }
 
-  if (denseAttr.isSplat())
+  auto transposedAttr = transposeDenseElementsAttr(denseAttr, permutation);
+  if (failed(transposedAttr) || transposedAttr->getType() != resultType)
+    return failure();
   return getOrCreateConstant(rewriter,
                              rewriter.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp(),
-                               DenseElementsAttr::get(resultType, denseAttr.getSplatValue<Attribute>()),
-                               resultType);
-
-  SmallVector<Attribute> inputValues(denseAttr.getValues<Attribute>());
-  SmallVector<Attribute> resultValues(inputValues.size());
-  SmallVector<int64_t> inputStrides = computeRowMajorStrides(inputType.getShape());
-  SmallVector<int64_t> resultStrides = computeRowMajorStrides(resultType.getShape());
-  SmallVector<int64_t> inputIndices(inputType.getRank(), 0);
-
-  for (auto [linearIndex, value] : llvm::enumerate(inputValues)) {
-    int64_t remaining = static_cast<int64_t>(linearIndex);
-    for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < inputType.getRank(); ++dim) {
-      inputIndices[dim] = inputStrides.empty() ? 0 : remaining / inputStrides[dim];
-      remaining = inputStrides.empty() ? 0 : remaining % inputStrides[dim];
-    }
-
-    int64_t resultLinearIndex = 0;
-    for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < resultType.getRank(); ++dim)
-      resultLinearIndex += inputIndices[permutation[dim]] * resultStrides[dim];
-
-    resultValues[resultLinearIndex] = value;
-  }
-
-  return getOrCreateConstant(rewriter,
-                             rewriter.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp(),
-                             DenseElementsAttr::get(resultType, resultValues),
+                             *transposedAttr,
                              resultType);
 }
 

src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/SpatialLayoutPlanningPass.cpp

@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@
 
 #include "Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/ONNXToSpatialVerifier.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/BiasAddUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/RowStripLayoutUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/PlanLowering.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Pass/PIMPasses.h"
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Pass/PIMPasses.h"
 
 using namespace mlir;
 
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ namespace {
 static constexpr StringLiteral kLogicalLayout = "nchw";
 static constexpr StringLiteral kDenseLayout = "dense_nchw";
 static constexpr StringLiteral kRowStripLayout = "nchw_row_strip";
-static constexpr StringLiteral kRowStripIndexMap = "packed_hwc_rows_to_nchw";
 
 enum class SelectedLayout {
   DenseNchw,
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ static SelectedLayout getSelectedLayout(llvm::DenseMap<Value, SelectedLayout>& l
 static bool usesSelectedRowStrip(Operation* user, llvm::DenseMap<Value, SelectedLayout>& layouts) {
   if (auto reluPlan = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatReluPlanOp>(user))
     return getSelectedLayout(layouts, reluPlan.getResult()) == SelectedLayout::NchwRowStrip;
+  if (auto biasAddPlan = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBiasAddPlanOp>(user))
+    return getSelectedLayout(layouts, biasAddPlan.getResult()) == SelectedLayout::NchwRowStrip;
   if (auto convPlan = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatConv2DPlanOp>(user))
     return getSelectedLayout(layouts, convPlan.getResult()) == SelectedLayout::NchwRowStrip;
   return false;
@@ -49,21 +51,26 @@ static bool allUsersCanHandleRowStrip(Value value, llvm::DenseMap<Value, Selecte
   return true;
 }
 
-static std::pair<SmallVector<int64_t>, SmallVector<int64_t>> buildRowStripMetadata(RankedTensorType type) {
-  SmallVector<int64_t> offsets;
-  SmallVector<int64_t> sizes;
-  const int64_t channels = type.getDimSize(1);
-  const int64_t height = type.getDimSize(2);
-  const int64_t width = type.getDimSize(3);
-  offsets.reserve(height * 4);
-  sizes.reserve(height * 4);
-  for (int64_t row = 0; row < height; ++row) {
-    offsets.append({0, 0, row, 0});
-    sizes.append({1, channels, 1, width});
+static bool canConsumeRowStripAsUser(Operation* user) {
+  if (isa<spatial::SpatReluPlanOp>(user))
+    return true;
+  if (auto biasAddPlan = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBiasAddPlanOp>(user)) {
+    auto resultType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(biasAddPlan.getOutput().getType());
+    return resultType && isSupportedBiasAddValue(biasAddPlan.getBias(), resultType);
   }
-  return {offsets, sizes};
+  if (auto convPlan = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatConv2DPlanOp>(user))
+    return succeeded(canConsumeAndProduceRowStrip(convPlan));
+  return false;
 }
 
+static bool hasRowStripConsumer(Value value) {
+  for (Operation* user : value.getUsers())
+    if (canConsumeRowStripAsUser(user))
+      return true;
+  return false;
+}
+
+
 static bool canSelectConvRowStrip(spatial::SpatConv2DPlanOp convPlan,
                                   llvm::DenseMap<Value, SelectedLayout>& layouts) {
   SelectedLayout inputLayout = getSelectedLayout(layouts, convPlan.getInput());
@@ -76,6 +83,9 @@ static SelectedLayout chooseConvLayout(spatial::SpatConv2DPlanOp convPlan,
                                        llvm::DenseMap<Value, SelectedLayout>& layouts) {
   if (!canSelectConvRowStrip(convPlan, layouts))
     return SelectedLayout::DenseNchw;
+  if (getSelectedLayout(layouts, convPlan.getInput()) != SelectedLayout::NchwRowStrip
+      && !hasRowStripConsumer(convPlan.getResult()))
+    return SelectedLayout::DenseNchw;
   if (!allUsersCanHandleRowStrip(convPlan.getResult(), layouts))
     return SelectedLayout::DenseNchw;
   return SelectedLayout::NchwRowStrip;
@@ -85,15 +95,31 @@ static SelectedLayout chooseReluLayout(spatial::SpatReluPlanOp reluPlan,
                                        llvm::DenseMap<Value, SelectedLayout>& layouts) {
   if (getSelectedLayout(layouts, reluPlan.getInput()) != SelectedLayout::NchwRowStrip)
     return SelectedLayout::DenseNchw;
+  if (!hasRowStripConsumer(reluPlan.getResult()))
+    return SelectedLayout::DenseNchw;
   if (!allUsersCanHandleRowStrip(reluPlan.getResult(), layouts))
     return SelectedLayout::DenseNchw;
   return SelectedLayout::NchwRowStrip;
 }
 
-static spatial::SpatReconciliatorOp insertRowStripReconciliator(IRRewriter& rewriter, Value value) {
+static SelectedLayout chooseBiasAddLayout(spatial::SpatBiasAddPlanOp biasAddPlan,
+                                          llvm::DenseMap<Value, SelectedLayout>& layouts) {
+  if (getSelectedLayout(layouts, biasAddPlan.getInput()) != SelectedLayout::NchwRowStrip)
+    return SelectedLayout::DenseNchw;
+  auto resultType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(biasAddPlan.getOutput().getType());
+  if (!resultType || !isSupportedBiasAddValue(biasAddPlan.getBias(), resultType))
+    return SelectedLayout::DenseNchw;
+  if (!hasRowStripConsumer(biasAddPlan.getResult()))
+    return SelectedLayout::DenseNchw;
+  if (!allUsersCanHandleRowStrip(biasAddPlan.getResult(), layouts))
+    return SelectedLayout::DenseNchw;
+  return SelectedLayout::NchwRowStrip;
+}
+
+static spatial::SpatBlueprintOp insertRowStripBlueprint(IRRewriter& rewriter, Value value) {
   auto outputType = cast<RankedTensorType>(value.getType());
   auto [offsets, sizes] = buildRowStripMetadata(outputType);
-  return spatial::SpatReconciliatorOp::create(rewriter,
+  return spatial::SpatBlueprintOp::create(rewriter,
                                               value.getLoc(),
                                               outputType,
                                               value,
@@ -107,6 +133,8 @@ static spatial::SpatReconciliatorOp insertRowStripReconciliator(IRRewriter& rewr
                                               nullptr,
                                               nullptr,
                                               nullptr,
+                                              nullptr,
+                                              nullptr,
                                               nullptr);
 }
 
@@ -172,6 +200,14 @@ struct SpatialLayoutPlanningPass final : PassWrapper<SpatialLayoutPlanningPass,
           }
           continue;
         }
+        if (auto biasAddPlan = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBiasAddPlanOp>(&op)) {
+          SelectedLayout selected = chooseBiasAddLayout(biasAddPlan, layouts);
+          if (layouts[biasAddPlan.getResult()] != selected) {
+            layouts[biasAddPlan.getResult()] = selected;
+            changed = true;
+          }
+          continue;
+        }
       }
     }
 
@@ -179,6 +215,8 @@ struct SpatialLayoutPlanningPass final : PassWrapper<SpatialLayoutPlanningPass,
       Value producedValue;
       if (auto convPlan = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatConv2DPlanOp>(&op))
         producedValue = convPlan.getResult();
+      else if (auto biasAddPlan = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBiasAddPlanOp>(&op))
+        producedValue = biasAddPlan.getResult();
       else if (auto reluPlan = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatReluPlanOp>(&op))
         producedValue = reluPlan.getResult();
       else
@@ -188,12 +226,12 @@ struct SpatialLayoutPlanningPass final : PassWrapper<SpatialLayoutPlanningPass,
         continue;
 
       rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(&op);
-      auto reconciliator = insertRowStripReconciliator(rewriter, producedValue);
-      rewriter.replaceAllUsesExcept(producedValue, reconciliator.getResult(), reconciliator);
-      materializeDenseUses(rewriter, reconciliator.getResult(), layouts);
+      auto blueprint = insertRowStripBlueprint(rewriter, producedValue);
+      rewriter.replaceAllUsesExcept(producedValue, blueprint.getResult(), blueprint);
+      materializeDenseUses(rewriter, blueprint.getResult(), layouts);
     }
     if (failed(verifyLogicalSpatialGraphInvariants(*entryFunc))) {
-      getOperation().emitError("RAPTOR_PHASE_CHECK logical Spatial graph verification failed after SpatialLayoutPlanning");
+      getOperation().emitError("logical Spatial graph verification failed after SpatialLayoutPlanning");
       signalPassFailure();
     }
   }

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToGraphviz/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-add_onnx_mlir_rewriter(SpatialToGraphviz)
-
-add_pim_library(OMSpatialToGraphviz
-  SpatialToGraphviz.cpp
-
-  EXCLUDE_FROM_OM_LIBS
-
-  LINK_LIBS PUBLIC
-  MLIRTosaDialect
-  OMCompilerOptions
-  OMPimCommon
-  OMONNXOps
-  SpatialOps
-
-  ACCEL_INCLUDE_DIRS PRIVATE
-  ${PIM_GENERATED_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-)

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToGraphviz/SpatialToGraphviz.cpp

@@ -1,259 +0,0 @@
-#include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
-#include "mlir/Dialect/Tosa/IR/TosaOps.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/Block.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/Diagnostics.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/Value.h"
-#include "mlir/Pass/Pass.h"
-#include "mlir/Support/LLVM.h"
-#include "mlir/Transforms/GreedyPatternRewriteDriver.h"
-
-#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
-#include "llvm/Support/Format.h"
-
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Pass/PIMPasses.h"
-#include "src/Dialect/ONNX/ONNXOps.hpp"
-
-#define FORMAT_OPERATION(op) 'x' << llvm::format_hex_no_prefix(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(op), 0)
-#define FORMAT_ARGUMENT(computeOpPointer, argumentNum) llvm::format("Arg_%p_%u", computeOpPointer, argumentNum)
-
-using namespace mlir;
-
-namespace onnx_mlir {
-
-namespace {
-
-struct SpatialToGraphvizPass : public PassWrapper<SpatialToGraphvizPass, OperationPass<ModuleOp>> {
-
-  MLIR_DEFINE_EXPLICIT_INTERNAL_INLINE_TYPE_ID(SpatialToGraphvizPass)
-
-  StringRef getArgument() const override { return "convert-spatial-to-graphviz"; }
-
-  StringRef getDescription() const override { return "Lower ONNX ops to Spatial ops."; }
-
-  SpatialToGraphvizPass(raw_ostream& os = llvm::errs())
-  : os(os) {}
-  SpatialToGraphvizPass(const SpatialToGraphvizPass& pass)
-  : SpatialToGraphvizPass(pass.os) {}
-  void runOnOperation() final;
-
-private:
-  raw_ostream& os;
-
-  /**
-   * Draws the subgraph for a given spatial::SpatCompute, including:
-   * 1. Input nodes (block arguments)
-   * 2. Operations
-   * 3. Edges between yield (output) and its users
-   *
-   * @param op The spatial::SpatCompute to draw the subgraph for.
-   * @param computeNum The number of the compute operation.
-   */
-  void drawComputeOpSubgraph(spatial::SpatCompute op, size_t computeNum) {
-    os << "\tsubgraph cluster" << computeNum << " {\n\t\tlabel=\"Compute" << computeNum << "\";\n"
-       << "\t\tstyle=filled;\n"
-       << "\t\tcolor=lightblue;\n";
-
-    Block& block = op.getBody().front();
-
-    // Inputs
-    size_t inputNum = 0;
-    for (BlockArgument& input : block.getArguments()) {
-
-      auto fromOp = FORMAT_ARGUMENT(op.getOperation(), inputNum);
-
-      os << "\t\t" << fromOp << " [label=\"Arg" << inputNum << "\",shape=box];\n";
-      for (auto userOp : input.getUsers())
-        os << "\t\t" << fromOp << " -> " << FORMAT_OPERATION(userOp) << ";\n";
-      inputNum++;
-    }
-
-    // Iterate operations
-    for (auto& childOp : block.getOperations()) {
-      os << "\t\t" << FORMAT_OPERATION(&childOp) << " [label=\"" << childOp.getName() << "\"];\n";
-
-      drawEdgesFromOpToItsUsers(&childOp);
-    }
-
-    os << "\t}\n";
-
-    // Draw edges from the yield to the users of this computeOp
-    Operation* yieldOp = block.getTerminator();
-    if (!isa<spatial::SpatYieldOp>(yieldOp)) {
-      yieldOp->emitError("Terminator of block must be YieldOp ???");
-      signalPassFailure();
-      return;
-    }
-
-    for (auto computeOpResult : op->getResults()) {
-      for (auto& computeOpUse : computeOpResult.getUses()) {
-        auto toOp = FORMAT_ARGUMENT(computeOpUse.getOwner(), computeOpUse.getOperandNumber());
-        os << "\t" << FORMAT_OPERATION(yieldOp) << " -> " << toOp << ";\n";
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Draws the subgraph for a concatOp.
-   *
-   * This function draws a subgraph for a concatOp. The subgraph consists of a
-   * node for each input of the concatOp, as well as an output node. Edges are
-   * created from the output node to each user of the concatOp.
-   *
-   * @param concatOp The concatOp for which the subgraph is drawn.
-   * @param concatOpNum The number of the concatOp.
-   */
-  void drawConcatOpSubgraph(Operation* concatOp, size_t concatOpNum) {
-    os << "\tsubgraph clusterconcat" << concatOpNum << " {\n\t\tlabel=\"ConcatOp" << concatOpNum << "\";\n"
-       << "\t\tstyle=filled;\n"
-       << "\t\tcolor=orange;\n";
-
-    // Inputs
-    size_t inputNum = 0;
-    for (Value input : concatOp->getOperands()) {
-      auto fromOp = FORMAT_ARGUMENT(concatOp, inputNum);
-
-      os << "\t\t" << fromOp << " [label=\"Input" << inputNum << "\"];\n";
-      for (auto userOp : input.getUsers())
-        os << "\t\t" << fromOp << " -> " << FORMAT_OPERATION(userOp) << ";\n";
-      inputNum++;
-    }
-
-    // Output
-    os << "\t\t" << FORMAT_OPERATION(concatOp) << " [label=Out];\n";
-
-    os << "\t}\n";
-
-    // Edges from output to users
-
-    for (auto& computeOpUse : concatOp->getResult(0).getUses()) {
-      os << "\t" << FORMAT_OPERATION(concatOp) << " -> "
-         << FORMAT_ARGUMENT(computeOpUse.getOwner(), computeOpUse.getOperandNumber()) << ";\n";
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Draws the ExtractSliceOp in the graph visualization.
-   *
-   * This function takes a tensor::ExtractSliceOp and adds the corresponding
-   * node and edges to the graph visualization. It creates a node with the
-   * label as the static offsets attribute of the sliceOp, and connects it to
-   * the compute operations that use the result of the sliceOp.
-   *
-   * @param sliceOp The tensor::ExtractSliceOp to be drawn in the graph
-   * visualization.
-   */
-  void drawExtractSliceOp(tensor::ExtractSliceOp sliceOp) {
-    auto nodeId = FORMAT_ARGUMENT(sliceOp.getOperation(), 0);
-    os << "\t" << nodeId << " [label=\"Slice: ";
-    sliceOp.getStaticOffsetsAttr().print(os);
-    os << "\",color=lawngreen];\n";
-
-    for (auto& computeOpUse : sliceOp.getResult().getUses()) {
-      os << "\t" << nodeId << " -> " << FORMAT_ARGUMENT(computeOpUse.getOwner(), computeOpUse.getOperandNumber())
-         << ";\n";
-    }
-  }
-
-  void drawBiasTileOp(tensor::ExtractSliceOp sliceOp) {
-    auto nodeId = FORMAT_ARGUMENT(sliceOp.getOperation(), 0);
-    os << "\t" << nodeId << " [label=\"Bias: ";
-    sliceOp.getStaticOffsetsAttr().print(os);
-    os << "\",color=lightpink];\n";
-
-    for (auto user : sliceOp.getResult().getUsers())
-      os << "\t" << nodeId << " -> " << FORMAT_OPERATION(user) << ";\n";
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Draws edges from the given operation to its users.
-   *
-   * @param fromOp The operation from which the edges are drawn.
-   */
-  void drawEdgesFromOpToItsUsers(mlir::Operation* fromOp) {
-    for (auto result : fromOp->getResults())
-      for (auto userOp : result.getUsers())
-        os << "\t\t" << FORMAT_OPERATION(fromOp) << " -> " << FORMAT_OPERATION(userOp) << ";\n";
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Draws input node and edges for the given `funcOp`.
-   *
-   * @param funcOp The `funcOp` for which to draw input nodes and edges.
-   */
-  void drawInputNodesAndEdges(func::FuncOp& funcOp) {
-    os << "\tinput [label=\"Module Input\",color=green];\n";
-
-    size_t funcOpArgNum = 0;
-    for (BlockArgument& arg : funcOp.getArguments()) {
-
-      for (auto& useOp : arg.getUses()) {
-        os << "\tinput -> " << FORMAT_ARGUMENT(useOp.getOwner(), useOp.getOperandNumber()) << "[label=" << funcOpArgNum
-           << "];\n";
-      }
-      funcOpArgNum++;
-    }
-  }
-};
-
-void SpatialToGraphvizPass::runOnOperation() {
-  ModuleOp module = getOperation();
-
-  auto entryFunc = getPimEntryFunc(module);
-  if (failed(entryFunc)) {
-    module.emitError("failed to locate the PIM entry function for Spatial graph visualization");
-    signalPassFailure();
-    return;
-  }
-  func::FuncOp func = *entryFunc;
-
-  os << "digraph G {\n"
-     << "\tnode [style=filled,color=white];\n";
-
-  size_t computeNum = 0;
-  size_t concatNum = 0;
-
-  // Iterate over the ComputeOps within FuncOp:
-  // 1. Print their subgraph
-  // 2. Print the edges from its inputs to its outputs
-  for (Operation& op : func.getOps()) {
-    if (auto computeOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatCompute>(op)) {
-      drawComputeOpSubgraph(computeOp, computeNum++);
-    }
-    else if (auto concatOp = dyn_cast<tensor::ConcatOp>(op)) {
-      drawConcatOpSubgraph(concatOp, concatNum++);
-    }
-    else if (auto extractSliceOp = dyn_cast<tensor::ExtractSliceOp>(op)) {
-      auto producerOp = extractSliceOp->getOperand(0).getDefiningOp();
-      if (producerOp) {
-        // Skip extractSliceOp if producer is constant weights (ONNXConstantOp)
-        if (llvm::isa<ONNXConstantOp>(producerOp))
-          continue;
-        // If produced by tosa::ReshapeOp (i.e. it is a bias tile) connect
-        // directly to its user, which is not a ComputeOp argument.
-        if (llvm::isa<tosa::ReshapeOp>(producerOp)) {
-          drawBiasTileOp(extractSliceOp);
-          continue;
-        }
-      }
-
-      drawExtractSliceOp(extractSliceOp);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Draw input node, and edges to it users
-  drawInputNodesAndEdges(func);
-
-  // Draw output node (use the return Operation - argument number=0 - as nodeId)
-  auto returnOp = func.getBody().front().getTerminator();
-  os << '\t' << FORMAT_ARGUMENT(returnOp, 0) << " [label=\"Module Output\",color=green];\n";
-
-  os << "}\n";
-}
-
-} // namespace
-
-std::unique_ptr<Pass> createSpatialToGraphvizPass() { return std::make_unique<SpatialToGraphvizPass>(); }
-
-} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/BatchCoreLoweringPatterns.cpp

@@ -2,13 +2,16 @@
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Bufferization/IR/Bufferization.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/MemRef/IR/MemRef.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/IRMapping.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Matchers.h"
+#include <limits>
 
 #include "Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/Common.hpp"
 #include "Conversion/SpatialToPim/SpatialToPimPass.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/BatchCoreUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/LoopUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/CheckedArithmetic.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/Common.hpp"
@@ -26,100 +29,6 @@ static bool isUsedOnlyAsExplicitHostOperand(Value value) {
   });
 }
 
-static bool isMaterializableExternalTensorOp(Operation* op) {
-  return isa<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp,
-             spatial::SpatExtractRowsOp,
-             tensor::ExtractSliceOp,
-             tensor::ExpandShapeOp,
-             tensor::CollapseShapeOp>(op);
-}
-
-//TODO REMOVE THIS UGLY FIX 
-//TODO: Remove this helper once compute_batch external tensor captures are
-// fixed at the producer side.
-//
-// This function is a temporary SpatialToPim repair path. It clones selected
-// external tensor producers, such as channel_receive and tensor view/slice ops,
-// into the new pim.core_batch body when the old spat.compute_batch body refers
-// to tensor values defined outside the batch.
-//
-// The real invariant should be stronger:
-//
-//   A spat.compute_batch body must not capture external tensor values.
-//   Every tensor used inside the body must be either:
-//     - a compute_batch block argument,
-//     - defined inside the compute_batch body,
-//     - or a legal constant-like value.
-//
-// If this invariant is violated, the responsible producer, most likely merge
-// schedule materialization, should emit verifier-clean Spatial IR instead of
-// relying on SpatialToPim to clone external producer chains later.
-//
-// After that producer-side fix:
-//   1. remove isMaterializableExternalTensorOp,
-//   2. remove materializeExternalTensorValue,
-//   3. make lowerComputeBatchOp emit a hard diagnostic for any unmapped external
-//      tensor operand,
-//   4. keep/strengthen the Spatial verifier so the invalid capture is rejected
-//      before SpatialToPim.
-//
-// Be careful not to replace every external tensor capture with a normal
-// compute_batch input blindly: host-backed tensors and explicit inter-core
-// communication have different semantics. In particular, channel_receive-like
-// values should be materialized through the communication model, not silently
-// treated as host inputs.
-static FailureOr<Value> materializeExternalTensorValue(IRRewriter& rewriter,
-                                                       Location loc,
-                                                       Block& oldBlock,
-                                                       Value value,
-                                                       IRMapping& mapper) {
-  if (mapper.contains(value))
-    return mapper.lookup(value);
-
-  if (!isa<TensorType>(value.getType()))
-    return value;
-
-  Operation* definingOp = value.getDefiningOp();
-  if (!definingOp || definingOp->hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>())
-    return failure();
-
-  if (definingOp->getBlock() == &oldBlock)
-    return failure();
-
-  if (!isMaterializableExternalTensorOp(definingOp))
-    return failure();
-
-  for (Value operand : definingOp->getOperands()) {
-    FailureOr<Value> materializedOperand = materializeExternalTensorValue(rewriter, loc, oldBlock, operand, mapper);
-    if (succeeded(materializedOperand))
-      mapper.map(operand, *materializedOperand);
-  }
-
-  Operation* cloned = rewriter.clone(*definingOp, mapper);
-  for (auto [originalResult, clonedResult] : llvm::zip(definingOp->getResults(), cloned->getResults()))
-    mapper.map(originalResult, clonedResult);
-
-  return mapper.lookup(value);
-}
-
-static FailureOr<SmallVector<int32_t>> getPimCoreIdsForBatchOp(spatial::SpatScheduledComputeBatch computeBatchOp,
-                                                               size_t& fallbackCoreId) {
-  if (auto coreIdsAttr = computeBatchOp->getAttrOfType<DenseI32ArrayAttr>(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName))
-    return SmallVector<int32_t>(coreIdsAttr.asArrayRef().begin(), coreIdsAttr.asArrayRef().end());
-
-  SmallVector<int32_t> coreIds;
-  coreIds.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(computeBatchOp.getLaneCount()));
-  for (uint32_t lane = 0; lane < computeBatchOp.getLaneCount(); ++lane) {
-    auto checkedCoreId =
-      pim::checkedI32(static_cast<uint64_t>(fallbackCoreId), computeBatchOp, "fallback spatial compute_batch core id");
-    if (failed(checkedCoreId))
-      return failure();
-    coreIds.push_back(*checkedCoreId);
-    ++fallbackCoreId;
-  }
-  return coreIds;
-}
-
 static FailureOr<unsigned> getDirectReturnOperandIndex(OpResult result) {
   if (!result.hasOneUse())
     return failure();
@@ -130,6 +39,188 @@ static FailureOr<unsigned> getDirectReturnOperandIndex(OpResult result) {
   return result.getUses().begin()->getOperandNumber();
 }
 
+static FailureOr<SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopy, 8>>
+collectFragmentAssemblyCopiesFromBlueprint(spatial::SpatBlueprintOp blueprint,
+                                          IRMapping& mapper,
+                                          int64_t lane,
+                                          unsigned hostTargetIndex,
+                                          Value fixedSource = {}) {
+  SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopy, 8> copies;
+  auto resultType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(blueprint.getOutput().getType());
+  if (!resultType || !resultType.hasStaticShape())
+    return blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly lowering requires static ranked tensor results");
+
+  std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> operandIndicesAttr = blueprint.getFragmentOperandIndices();
+  std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> fragmentStridesAttr = blueprint.getFragmentStrides();
+  if (!operandIndicesAttr || !fragmentStridesAttr)
+    return blueprint.emitOpError(
+      "fragment assembly lowering requires explicit operand indices and unit strides");
+
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> operandIndices = *operandIndicesAttr;
+  std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> sourceOffsetsAttr = blueprint.getFragmentSourceOffsets();
+  if (!sourceOffsetsAttr)
+    return blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly lowering requires explicit source offsets");
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceOffsets = *sourceOffsetsAttr;
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> flatOffsets = blueprint.getFragmentOffsets();
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> flatSizes = blueprint.getFragmentSizes();
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> flatStrides = *fragmentStridesAttr;
+  int64_t rank = resultType.getRank();
+
+  SmallVector<Value> fragmentOperands {blueprint.getInput()};
+  llvm::append_range(fragmentOperands, blueprint.getFragments());
+  if (failed(validateFragmentAssemblyMetadata(blueprint,
+                                              rank,
+                                              fragmentOperands.size(),
+                                              operandIndices,
+                                              sourceOffsets,
+                                              flatOffsets,
+                                              flatSizes,
+                                              flatStrides)))
+    return failure();
+
+  SmallVector<int64_t> hostStrides = computeRowMajorStrides(resultType.getShape());
+  for (int64_t fragmentIndex = 0; fragmentIndex < static_cast<int64_t>(operandIndices.size()); ++fragmentIndex) {
+    Value source = fixedSource ? fixedSource : mapper.lookupOrDefault(fragmentOperands[operandIndices[fragmentIndex]]);
+    auto sourceType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(source.getType());
+    if (!sourceType || !sourceType.hasStaticShape())
+      return blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly lowering requires static ranked tensor operands");
+
+    size_t elementSize = getElementTypeSizeInBytes(sourceType.getElementType());
+    SmallVector<int64_t, 4> fragmentOffsets;
+    SmallVector<int64_t, 4> fragmentSizes;
+    for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < rank; ++dim) {
+      int64_t flatIndex = fragmentIndex * rank + dim;
+      if (flatStrides[flatIndex] != 1)
+        return blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly lowering only supports unit strides");
+      fragmentOffsets.push_back(flatOffsets[flatIndex]);
+      fragmentSizes.push_back(flatSizes[flatIndex]);
+    }
+
+    if (failed(forEachContiguousDestinationChunk(
+          resultType.getShape(),
+          fragmentOffsets,
+          fragmentSizes,
+          [&](ArrayRef<int64_t> chunkOffsets, int64_t relativeSourceOffset, int64_t chunkElements) -> LogicalResult {
+            int64_t hostElementOffset = 0;
+            for (auto [dim, offset] : llvm::enumerate(chunkOffsets))
+              hostElementOffset += offset * hostStrides[dim];
+
+            FragmentAssemblyCopy copy;
+            copy.source = source;
+            copy.sourceType = sourceType;
+            copy.hostTargetIndex = hostTargetIndex;
+            copy.lane = lane;
+            copy.sourceByteOffset = (sourceOffsets[fragmentIndex] + relativeSourceOffset) * static_cast<int64_t>(elementSize);
+            copy.hostByteOffset = hostElementOffset * static_cast<int64_t>(elementSize);
+            copy.byteSize = chunkElements * static_cast<int64_t>(elementSize);
+            copies.push_back(copy);
+            return success();
+          })))
+      return failure();
+  }
+
+  return copies;
+}
+
+static FailureOr<SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopy, 8>>
+collectTopLevelFragmentAssemblyCopies(OpResult result, RankedTensorType packedResultType, uint32_t laneCount) {
+  SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopy, 8> copies;
+  if (!packedResultType.hasStaticShape() || laneCount == 0)
+    return failure();
+
+  int64_t packedElementCount = packedResultType.getNumElements();
+  if (packedElementCount % static_cast<int64_t>(laneCount) != 0)
+    return failure();
+  int64_t payloadElementCount = packedElementCount / static_cast<int64_t>(laneCount);
+  size_t elementSize = getElementTypeSizeInBytes(packedResultType.getElementType());
+
+  for (OpOperand& use : result.getUses()) {
+    auto blueprint = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>(use.getOwner());
+    if (!blueprint || blueprint->getParentOp() != blueprint->getParentOfType<func::FuncOp>())
+      return failure();
+    std::optional<StringRef> mode = blueprint.getMode();
+    std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> operandIndicesAttr = blueprint.getFragmentOperandIndices();
+    std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> sourceOffsetsAttr = blueprint.getFragmentSourceOffsets();
+    std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> sourceSlotsAttr = blueprint.getFragmentSourceSlots();
+    if (!mode || *mode != "fragment_assembly" || !operandIndicesAttr || !sourceOffsetsAttr || !sourceSlotsAttr)
+      return failure();
+    if (!blueprint.getOutput().hasOneUse() || !isa<func::ReturnOp>(*blueprint.getOutput().getUsers().begin()))
+      return failure();
+
+    auto hostResultType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(blueprint.getOutput().getType());
+    std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> stridesAttr = blueprint.getFragmentStrides();
+    if (!hostResultType || !hostResultType.hasStaticShape() || !stridesAttr)
+      return failure();
+
+    ArrayRef<int64_t> operandIndices = *operandIndicesAttr;
+    ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceOffsets = *sourceOffsetsAttr;
+    ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceSlots = *sourceSlotsAttr;
+    if (sourceSlots.size() != operandIndices.size())
+      return failure();
+    ArrayRef<int64_t> flatOffsets = blueprint.getFragmentOffsets();
+    ArrayRef<int64_t> flatSizes = blueprint.getFragmentSizes();
+    ArrayRef<int64_t> flatStrides = *stridesAttr;
+    int64_t rank = hostResultType.getRank();
+    unsigned returnIndex = blueprint.getOutput().getUses().begin()->getOperandNumber();
+    SmallVector<Value> fragmentOperands {blueprint.getInput()};
+    llvm::append_range(fragmentOperands, blueprint.getFragments());
+    if (failed(validateFragmentAssemblyMetadata(blueprint,
+                                                rank,
+                                                fragmentOperands.size(),
+                                                operandIndices,
+                                                sourceOffsets,
+                                                flatOffsets,
+                                                flatSizes,
+                                                flatStrides)))
+      return failure();
+    SmallVector<int64_t> hostStrides = computeRowMajorStrides(hostResultType.getShape());
+    for (int64_t fragmentIndex = 0; fragmentIndex < static_cast<int64_t>(operandIndices.size()); ++fragmentIndex) {
+      if (operandIndices[fragmentIndex] != static_cast<int64_t>(use.getOperandNumber()))
+        continue;
+
+      int64_t sourceElementOffset =
+        sourceSlots[fragmentIndex] * payloadElementCount + sourceOffsets[fragmentIndex];
+      int64_t lane = sourceElementOffset / payloadElementCount;
+      if (lane < 0 || lane >= static_cast<int64_t>(laneCount))
+        return failure();
+      SmallVector<int64_t, 4> fragmentOffsets;
+      SmallVector<int64_t, 4> fragmentSizes;
+      for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < rank; ++dim) {
+        int64_t flatIndex = fragmentIndex * rank + dim;
+        if (flatStrides[flatIndex] != 1)
+          return failure();
+        fragmentOffsets.push_back(flatOffsets[flatIndex]);
+        fragmentSizes.push_back(flatSizes[flatIndex]);
+      }
+
+      if (failed(forEachContiguousDestinationChunk(
+            hostResultType.getShape(),
+            fragmentOffsets,
+            fragmentSizes,
+            [&](ArrayRef<int64_t> chunkOffsets, int64_t relativeSourceOffset, int64_t chunkElements) -> LogicalResult {
+              int64_t hostElementOffset = 0;
+              for (auto [dim, offset] : llvm::enumerate(chunkOffsets))
+                hostElementOffset += offset * hostStrides[dim];
+
+              FragmentAssemblyCopy copy;
+              copy.source = result;
+              copy.sourceType = packedResultType;
+              copy.hostTargetIndex = returnIndex;
+              copy.lane = lane;
+              copy.sourceByteOffset =
+                ((sourceElementOffset % payloadElementCount) + relativeSourceOffset) * static_cast<int64_t>(elementSize);
+              copy.hostByteOffset = hostElementOffset * static_cast<int64_t>(elementSize);
+              copy.byteSize = chunkElements * static_cast<int64_t>(elementSize);
+              copies.push_back(copy);
+              return success();
+            })))
+        return failure();
+    }
+  }
+
+  return copies;
+}
+
 static Value createScaledIndexValue(IRRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, Value base, int64_t scale) {
   if (scale == 1)
     return base;
@@ -139,25 +230,32 @@ static Value createScaledIndexValue(IRRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, Value ba
 }
 
 static Value createHostTargetOffset(IRRewriter& rewriter,
-                                    tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp insertSlice,
+                                    Location loc,
                                     ShapedType destinationType,
+                                    ArrayRef<OpFoldResult> mixedOffsets,
+                                    ArrayRef<int64_t> additionalOffsets,
                                     IRMapping& mapper) {
   int64_t elementBytes = static_cast<int64_t>(getElementTypeSizeInBytes(destinationType.getElementType()));
   SmallVector<int64_t> strides = computeRowMajorStrides(destinationType.getShape());
 
   Value totalOffset;
-  Location loc = insertSlice.getLoc();
-  for (auto [dim, offset] : llvm::enumerate(insertSlice.getMixedOffsets())) {
+  for (auto [dim, offset] : llvm::enumerate(mixedOffsets)) {
     int64_t scale = strides[dim] * elementBytes;
     Value scaledOffset;
     if (auto attr = dyn_cast<Attribute>(offset)) {
       auto intAttr = dyn_cast<IntegerAttr>(attr);
       assert(intAttr && "expected integer offset attribute");
-      scaledOffset =
-        getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, rewriter.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp(), intAttr.getInt() * scale);
-    }
-    else {
+      scaledOffset = getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter,
+                                              rewriter.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp(),
+                                              (intAttr.getInt() + additionalOffsets[dim]) * scale);
+    } else {
       scaledOffset = createScaledIndexValue(rewriter, loc, mapper.lookupOrDefault(cast<Value>(offset)), scale);
+      if (additionalOffsets[dim] != 0) {
+        Value staticOffset = getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter,
+                                                      rewriter.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp(),
+                                                      additionalOffsets[dim] * scale);
+        scaledOffset = arith::AddIOp::create(rewriter, loc, scaledOffset, staticOffset).getResult();
+      }
     }
 
     totalOffset =
@@ -169,6 +267,19 @@ static Value createHostTargetOffset(IRRewriter& rewriter,
   return totalOffset;
 }
 
+static Value createHostTargetOffset(IRRewriter& rewriter,
+                                    tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp insertSlice,
+                                    ShapedType destinationType,
+                                    IRMapping& mapper) {
+  SmallVector<int64_t> zeroOffsets(destinationType.getRank(), 0);
+  return createHostTargetOffset(rewriter,
+                                insertSlice.getLoc(),
+                                destinationType,
+                                insertSlice.getMixedOffsets(),
+                                zeroOffsets,
+                                mapper);
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 LogicalResult raptor::SpatialToPimPass::lowerComputeBatchOp(spatial::SpatScheduledComputeBatch computeBatchOp,
@@ -186,7 +297,7 @@ LogicalResult raptor::SpatialToPimPass::lowerComputeBatchOp(spatial::SpatSchedul
       "resultful compute_batch lowering currently requires a spat.in_parallel terminator");
   }
 
-  auto coreIds = getPimCoreIdsForBatchOp(computeBatchOp, coreId);
+  auto coreIds = getRequiredScheduledBatchCoreIds(computeBatchOp, "spatial compute_batch core id");
   if (failed(coreIds))
     return failure();
   SmallVector<Value> batchWeights(computeBatchOp.getWeights().begin(), computeBatchOp.getWeights().end());
@@ -206,14 +317,32 @@ LogicalResult raptor::SpatialToPimPass::lowerComputeBatchOp(spatial::SpatSchedul
   coreBatchOp->setAttr(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName, rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(*coreIds));
 
   SmallVector<unsigned> returnOperandIndices;
+  SmallVector<SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopyRun, 1>, 4> fragmentAssemblyRunsByResult;
   if (computeBatchOp.getNumResults() != 0) {
-    returnOperandIndices.resize(computeBatchOp.getNumResults());
+    returnOperandIndices.resize(computeBatchOp.getNumResults(), std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max());
+    fragmentAssemblyRunsByResult.resize(computeBatchOp.getNumResults());
     for (auto [resultIndex, result] : llvm::enumerate(computeBatchOp.getResults())) {
+      if (result.use_empty())
+        continue;
       FailureOr<unsigned> returnOperandIndex = getDirectReturnOperandIndex(cast<OpResult>(result));
-      if (failed(returnOperandIndex))
-        return computeBatchOp.emitOpError(
-          "resultful compute_batch lowering currently requires each result to be used directly by func.return");
+      if (succeeded(returnOperandIndex)) {
         returnOperandIndices[resultIndex] = *returnOperandIndex;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      auto resultType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(result.getType());
+      if (!resultType || !resultType.hasStaticShape())
+        return computeBatchOp.emitOpError(
+          "resultful compute_batch publication lowering requires static ranked tensor results");
+      FailureOr<SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopy, 8>> fragmentAssemblyCopies =
+        collectTopLevelFragmentAssemblyCopies(cast<OpResult>(result), resultType, computeBatchOp.getLaneCount());
+      if (failed(fragmentAssemblyCopies))
+        return computeBatchOp.emitOpError("failed to collect top-level fragment assembly copies for compute_batch result");
+      FailureOr<SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopyRun, 8>> fragmentAssemblyRuns =
+        groupFragmentAssemblyCopyRuns(*fragmentAssemblyCopies, computeBatchOp.getLaneCount());
+      if (failed(fragmentAssemblyRuns))
+        return computeBatchOp.emitOpError("failed to group top-level fragment assembly copies into regular runs");
+      fragmentAssemblyRunsByResult[resultIndex].assign(fragmentAssemblyRuns->begin(), fragmentAssemblyRuns->end());
     }
   }
 
@@ -271,6 +400,23 @@ LogicalResult raptor::SpatialToPimPass::lowerComputeBatchOp(spatial::SpatSchedul
     if (isa<spatial::SpatYieldOp>(op))
       continue;
 
+    // Cloning a region-bearing operation may leave the rewriter inside that
+    // region. Every old-block operation is lowered at the core-batch body
+    // boundary.
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointToEnd(newBlock);
+
+    if (auto blueprint = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>(op)) {
+      std::optional<StringRef> modeAttr = blueprint.getMode();
+      if (modeAttr && *modeAttr == "fragment_assembly") {
+        for (Operation* user : blueprint.getOutput().getUsers()) {
+          if (!isa<tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp>(user))
+            return blueprint.emitOpError(
+              "fragment assembly blueprint lowering expects only tensor.parallel_insert_slice users");
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
     if (auto parallelOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatInParallelOp>(op)) {
       auto firstOutputArg = computeBatchOp.getOutputArgument(0);
       if (!firstOutputArg)
@@ -287,10 +433,75 @@ LogicalResult raptor::SpatialToPimPass::lowerComputeBatchOp(spatial::SpatSchedul
         unsigned resultIndex = outputArg.getArgNumber() - firstOutputArg->getArgNumber();
         if (resultIndex >= returnOperandIndices.size())
           return insertSlice.emitOpError("result index out of range while lowering host batch output");
+        bool hasDirectReturn = returnOperandIndices[resultIndex] != std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max();
+        bool hasFragmentAssembly = resultIndex < fragmentAssemblyRunsByResult.size()
+                                   && !fragmentAssemblyRunsByResult[resultIndex].empty();
+        if (!hasDirectReturn && !hasFragmentAssembly)
+          continue;
 
         Value mappedSource = mapper.lookup(insertSlice.getSource());
+
+        if (hasFragmentAssembly) {
+          BlockArgument laneArg = coreBatchOp.getLaneArgument();
+          auto mappedSourceType = dyn_cast<ShapedType>(mappedSource.getType());
+          if (!mappedSourceType || !mappedSourceType.hasStaticShape())
+            return insertSlice.emitOpError("fragment assembly batch lowering requires a static ranked lane-local source");
+          DenseMap<unsigned, Value> updatedOutputs;
+          for (const FragmentAssemblyCopyRun& run : fragmentAssemblyRunsByResult[resultIndex]) {
+            Value outputTensor = updatedOutputs.lookup(run.hostTargetIndex);
+            if (!outputTensor)
+              outputTensor = outputTensors[run.hostTargetIndex](rewriter, insertSlice.getLoc());
+            FragmentAssemblyCopyRun mappedRun = run;
+            mappedRun.source = mappedSource;
+            FailureOr<Value> updated =
+              emitFragmentAssemblyCopyRuns(rewriter,
+                                           insertSlice.getLoc(),
+                                           ArrayRef<FragmentAssemblyCopyRun> {mappedRun},
+                                           outputTensor,
+                                           coreBatchOp.getOperation(),
+                                           laneArg);
+            if (failed(updated))
+              return failure();
+            updatedOutputs[run.hostTargetIndex] = *updated;
+          }
+          continue;
+        }
+
         Value hostTarget = getOrCreateHostOutputTensor(resultIndex, insertSlice.getLoc());
         auto hostTargetType = cast<ShapedType>(hostTarget.getType());
+        if (auto blueprint =
+              insertSlice.getSource().getDefiningOp<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>()) {
+          std::optional<StringRef> modeAttr = blueprint.getMode();
+          if (modeAttr && *modeAttr == "fragment_assembly") {
+            FailureOr<SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopy, 8>> fragmentAssemblyCopies =
+              collectFragmentAssemblyCopiesFromBlueprint(blueprint, mapper, /*lane=*/0, /*hostTargetIndex=*/0);
+            if (failed(fragmentAssemblyCopies))
+              return failure();
+            FailureOr<SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopyRun, 8>> fragmentAssemblyRuns =
+              groupFragmentAssemblyCopyRuns(*fragmentAssemblyCopies, /*laneCount=*/1);
+            if (failed(fragmentAssemblyRuns))
+              return failure();
+            SmallVector<int64_t> zeroOffsets(hostTargetType.getRank(), 0);
+            Value baseHostOffset = createHostTargetOffset(rewriter,
+                                                         blueprint.getLoc(),
+                                                         hostTargetType,
+                                                         insertSlice.getMixedOffsets(),
+                                                         zeroOffsets,
+                                                         mapper);
+            FailureOr<Value> updatedHostTarget = emitFragmentAssemblyCopyRuns(rewriter,
+                                                                              blueprint.getLoc(),
+                                                                              *fragmentAssemblyRuns,
+                                                                              hostTarget,
+                                                                              coreBatchOp.getOperation(),
+                                                                              std::nullopt,
+                                                                              baseHostOffset);
+            if (failed(updatedHostTarget))
+              return failure();
+            hostOutputTensors[resultIndex] = *updatedHostTarget;
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+
         Value hostTargetOffset = createHostTargetOffset(rewriter, insertSlice, hostTargetType, mapper);
         Value zeroOffset = getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, coreBatchOp.getOperation(), 0);
         auto sizeAttr = getTensorSizeInBytesAttr(rewriter, coreBatchOp.getOperation(), mappedSource);
@@ -343,9 +554,6 @@ LogicalResult raptor::SpatialToPimPass::lowerComputeBatchOp(spatial::SpatSchedul
       if (definingOp && definingOp->hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>())
         continue;
 
-      if (succeeded(materializeExternalTensorValue(rewriter, loc, oldBlock, operand, mapper)))
-        continue;
-
       InFlightDiagnostic diagnostic =
         computeBatchOp.emitOpError("expected external tensor communication to be materialized in Spatial before batch lowering");
       diagnostic << " while cloning nested op '" << op.getName() << "' tensor operand #" << operandIndex;

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/Common.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
 #include "mlir/IR/ValueRange.h"
 
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
+
 #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
 
 #include <cassert>
+#include <limits>
 
 #include "Common.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/AffineUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/LoopUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/CheckedArithmetic.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.hpp"
 
 using namespace llvm;
 using namespace mlir;
@@ -72,4 +80,488 @@ mlir::Value getBestOutputTensorFromOperandsOrAllocate(RewriterBase& rewriter, Op
     rewriter, operation->getLoc(), resultShapedType.getShape(), resultShapedType.getElementType());
 }
 
+LogicalResult validateFragmentAssemblyMetadata(spatial::SpatBlueprintOp blueprint,
+                                               int64_t resultRank,
+                                               size_t operandCount,
+                                               ArrayRef<int64_t> operandIndices,
+                                               ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceOffsets,
+                                               ArrayRef<int64_t> flatOffsets,
+                                               ArrayRef<int64_t> flatSizes,
+                                               ArrayRef<int64_t> flatStrides) {
+  if (operandIndices.size() != sourceOffsets.size())
+    return blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly operand index and source offset counts must match");
+  if (flatOffsets.size() != flatSizes.size())
+    return blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly offset and size arrays must have matching lengths");
+  if (flatStrides.size() != flatOffsets.size())
+    return blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly stride and offset arrays must have matching lengths");
+  if (flatOffsets.size() != operandIndices.size() * static_cast<size_t>(resultRank))
+    return blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly metadata must provide one rank-sized offset/size/stride tuple per fragment");
+
+  for (auto [fragmentIndex, operandIndex] : llvm::enumerate(operandIndices)) {
+    if (operandIndex < 0 || operandIndex >= static_cast<int64_t>(operandCount))
+      return blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly operand index is out of range");
+    if (sourceOffsets[fragmentIndex] < 0)
+      return blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly source offsets must be nonnegative");
+  }
+
+  return success();
+}
+
+static SmallVector<int64_t, 4> expandFlatElementIndex(int64_t flatIndex, ArrayRef<int64_t> shape) {
+  SmallVector<int64_t, 4> indices(shape.size(), 0);
+  for (int64_t dim = static_cast<int64_t>(shape.size()) - 1; dim >= 0; --dim) {
+    indices[dim] = flatIndex % shape[dim];
+    flatIndex /= shape[dim];
+  }
+  return indices;
+}
+
+FailureOr<SmallVector<int64_t, 4>>
+getStaticSliceOffsetsForElementOffset(Operation* anchor,
+                                      ShapedType sourceType,
+                                      ArrayRef<int64_t> fragmentShape,
+                                      int64_t sourceElementOffset,
+                                      StringRef fieldName) {
+  if (!sourceType.hasStaticShape())
+    return (anchor->emitOpError() << fieldName << " requires a static source shape"), failure();
+  if (sourceElementOffset < 0)
+    return (anchor->emitOpError() << fieldName << " requires a nonnegative source element offset"), failure();
+  if (sourceType.getRank() != static_cast<int64_t>(fragmentShape.size()))
+    return (anchor->emitOpError() << fieldName << " requires fragment rank to match source rank"), failure();
+
+  int64_t sourceElementCount = sourceType.getNumElements();
+  int64_t fragmentElementCount = 1;
+  for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < sourceType.getRank(); ++dim) {
+    if (fragmentShape[dim] < 0)
+      return (anchor->emitOpError() << fieldName << " requires nonnegative fragment sizes"), failure();
+    fragmentElementCount *= fragmentShape[dim];
+  }
+  if (sourceElementOffset + fragmentElementCount > sourceElementCount)
+    return (anchor->emitOpError() << fieldName << " exceeds the source tensor bounds"), failure();
+
+  SmallVector<int64_t, 4> sliceOffsets = expandFlatElementIndex(sourceElementOffset, sourceType.getShape());
+  for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < sourceType.getRank(); ++dim) {
+    if (sliceOffsets[dim] + fragmentShape[dim] > sourceType.getDimSize(dim))
+      return (anchor->emitOpError() << fieldName << " does not describe a valid unit-stride slice"), failure();
+  }
+  return sliceOffsets;
+}
+
+LogicalResult
+forEachContiguousDestinationChunk(ArrayRef<int64_t> destShape,
+                                  ArrayRef<int64_t> baseOffsets,
+                                  ArrayRef<int64_t> sizes,
+                                  llvm::function_ref<LogicalResult(ArrayRef<int64_t>, int64_t, int64_t)> callback) {
+  int64_t rank = static_cast<int64_t>(sizes.size());
+  int64_t suffixStart = rank - 1;
+  while (suffixStart > 0 && sizes[suffixStart] == destShape[suffixStart])
+    --suffixStart;
+  if (sizes[suffixStart] == destShape[suffixStart] && suffixStart == 0)
+    suffixStart = 0;
+  else
+    ++suffixStart;
+
+  int64_t chunkElements = 1;
+  for (int64_t dim = suffixStart; dim < rank; ++dim)
+    chunkElements *= sizes[dim];
+
+  SmallVector<int64_t, 4> prefixExtents(sizes.begin(), sizes.begin() + suffixStart);
+  SmallVector<int64_t, 4> current(prefixExtents.size(), 0);
+  int64_t sourceChunkOrdinal = 0;
+
+  auto visit = [&](auto&& visit, int64_t dim) -> LogicalResult {
+    if (dim == static_cast<int64_t>(prefixExtents.size())) {
+      SmallVector<int64_t, 4> chunkOffsets(baseOffsets.begin(), baseOffsets.end());
+      for (int64_t prefixDim = 0; prefixDim < static_cast<int64_t>(current.size()); ++prefixDim)
+        chunkOffsets[prefixDim] += current[prefixDim];
+      if (failed(callback(chunkOffsets, sourceChunkOrdinal * chunkElements, chunkElements)))
+        return failure();
+      ++sourceChunkOrdinal;
+      return success();
+    }
+
+    for (int64_t index = 0; index < prefixExtents[dim]; ++index) {
+      current[dim] = index;
+      if (failed(visit(visit, dim + 1)))
+        return failure();
+    }
+    return success();
+  };
+
+  if (prefixExtents.empty())
+    return callback(baseOffsets, 0, chunkElements);
+  return visit(visit, 0);
+}
+
+static mlir::Value
+createSteppedOffset(OpBuilder& builder, Location loc, mlir::Value start, mlir::Value index,
+                    int64_t stepBytes, Operation *constantAnchor) {
+  if (stepBytes == 0)
+    return start;
+  return createOrFoldAffineApply(
+    builder, loc, builder.getAffineDimExpr(0) + builder.getAffineDimExpr(1) * stepBytes,
+    ValueRange {start, index}, constantAnchor);
+}
+
+static mlir::Value createIndexedOffset(OpBuilder& builder,
+                                       Location loc,
+                                       mlir::Value indexArg,
+                                       ArrayRef<int64_t> values,
+                                       Operation *constantAnchor) {
+  assert(!values.empty() && "expected lane-indexed values");
+  if (llvm::all_of(values.drop_front(), [&](int64_t value) { return value == values.front(); }))
+    return getOrCreateIndexConstant(builder, constantAnchor, values.front());
+
+  if (values.size() >= 2) {
+    int64_t step = values[1] - values[0];
+    bool arithmetic = llvm::all_of(llvm::seq<size_t>(2, values.size()), [&](size_t index) {
+      return values[index] == values.front() + static_cast<int64_t>(index) * step;
+    });
+    if (arithmetic) {
+      return createOrFoldAffineApply(
+        builder, loc, builder.getAffineDimExpr(0) * step + values.front(),
+        ValueRange {indexArg}, constantAnchor);
+    }
+  }
+
+  RankedTensorType tableType = RankedTensorType::get(
+    {static_cast<int64_t>(values.size())}, builder.getI64Type());
+  DenseElementsAttr tableAttr = DenseElementsAttr::get(tableType, values);
+  mlir::Value table = getOrCreateConstant(builder, constantAnchor, tableAttr, tableType);
+  mlir::Value selected = tensor::ExtractOp::create(builder, loc, table, ValueRange {indexArg});
+  return arith::IndexCastOp::create(builder, loc, builder.getIndexType(), selected).getResult();
+}
+
+struct FragmentAssemblyCopyRunFamily {
+  FragmentAssemblyCopyRun prototype;
+  SmallVector<int64_t, 8> sourceRunStartDeltas;
+  SmallVector<int64_t, 8> hostRunStartDeltas;
+};
+
+static bool computeUniformRunStartDelta(ArrayRef<int64_t> prototypeStarts,
+                                        ArrayRef<int64_t> runStarts,
+                                        int64_t& delta) {
+  if (prototypeStarts.size() != runStarts.size() || prototypeStarts.empty())
+    return false;
+
+  delta = runStarts.front() - prototypeStarts.front();
+  return llvm::all_of(llvm::zip_equal(prototypeStarts, runStarts), [&](auto pair) {
+    auto [prototypeStart, runStart] = pair;
+    return runStart - prototypeStart == delta;
+  });
+}
+
+static bool canMergeFragmentAssemblyCopyRunIntoFamily(const FragmentAssemblyCopyRunFamily& family,
+                                                      const FragmentAssemblyCopyRun& run,
+                                                      int64_t& sourceRunStartDelta,
+                                                      int64_t& hostRunStartDelta) {
+  const FragmentAssemblyCopyRun& prototype = family.prototype;
+  if (prototype.source != run.source || prototype.sourceType != run.sourceType
+      || prototype.hostTargetIndex != run.hostTargetIndex || prototype.count != run.count
+      || prototype.sourceStepBytes != run.sourceStepBytes || prototype.hostStepBytes != run.hostStepBytes
+      || prototype.byteSize != run.byteSize)
+    return false;
+
+  if (!computeUniformRunStartDelta(prototype.sourceStartBytesByLane, run.sourceStartBytesByLane, sourceRunStartDelta))
+    return false;
+  return computeUniformRunStartDelta(prototype.hostStartBytesByLane, run.hostStartBytesByLane, hostRunStartDelta);
+}
+
+static SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopyRunFamily, 8>
+groupFragmentAssemblyCopyRunFamilies(ArrayRef<FragmentAssemblyCopyRun> runs) {
+  auto compareRunStarts = [](ArrayRef<int64_t> lhs, ArrayRef<int64_t> rhs) {
+    return std::lexicographical_compare(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
+  };
+
+  SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopyRun, 8> sortedRuns(runs.begin(), runs.end());
+  llvm::sort(sortedRuns, [&](const FragmentAssemblyCopyRun& lhs, const FragmentAssemblyCopyRun& rhs) {
+    if (lhs.hostTargetIndex != rhs.hostTargetIndex)
+      return lhs.hostTargetIndex < rhs.hostTargetIndex;
+    if (lhs.source != rhs.source)
+      return lhs.source.getAsOpaquePointer() < rhs.source.getAsOpaquePointer();
+    if (lhs.byteSize != rhs.byteSize)
+      return lhs.byteSize < rhs.byteSize;
+    if (lhs.count != rhs.count)
+      return lhs.count < rhs.count;
+    if (lhs.sourceStepBytes != rhs.sourceStepBytes)
+      return lhs.sourceStepBytes < rhs.sourceStepBytes;
+    if (lhs.hostStepBytes != rhs.hostStepBytes)
+      return lhs.hostStepBytes < rhs.hostStepBytes;
+    if (compareRunStarts(lhs.sourceStartBytesByLane, rhs.sourceStartBytesByLane))
+      return true;
+    if (compareRunStarts(rhs.sourceStartBytesByLane, lhs.sourceStartBytesByLane))
+      return false;
+    return compareRunStarts(lhs.hostStartBytesByLane, rhs.hostStartBytesByLane);
+  });
+
+  SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopyRunFamily, 8> families;
+  for (const FragmentAssemblyCopyRun& run : sortedRuns) {
+    int64_t sourceRunStartDelta = 0;
+    int64_t hostRunStartDelta = 0;
+    if (!families.empty()
+        && canMergeFragmentAssemblyCopyRunIntoFamily(
+          families.back(), run, sourceRunStartDelta, hostRunStartDelta)) {
+      families.back().sourceRunStartDeltas.push_back(sourceRunStartDelta);
+      families.back().hostRunStartDeltas.push_back(hostRunStartDelta);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    FragmentAssemblyCopyRunFamily family;
+    family.prototype = run;
+    family.sourceRunStartDeltas.push_back(0);
+    family.hostRunStartDeltas.push_back(0);
+    families.push_back(std::move(family));
+  }
+
+  return families;
+}
+
+FailureOr<SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopyRun, 8>>
+groupFragmentAssemblyCopyRuns(ArrayRef<FragmentAssemblyCopy> copies, uint32_t laneCount) {
+  if (laneCount == 0)
+    return failure();
+
+  struct LaneLocalCopyRun {
+    FragmentAssemblyCopyRun run;
+    int64_t lane = 0;
+  };
+
+  SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopy, 8> sortedCopies(copies.begin(), copies.end());
+  llvm::sort(sortedCopies, [](const FragmentAssemblyCopy& lhs, const FragmentAssemblyCopy& rhs) {
+    if (lhs.hostTargetIndex != rhs.hostTargetIndex)
+      return lhs.hostTargetIndex < rhs.hostTargetIndex;
+    if (lhs.source != rhs.source)
+      return lhs.source.getAsOpaquePointer() < rhs.source.getAsOpaquePointer();
+    if (lhs.lane != rhs.lane)
+      return lhs.lane < rhs.lane;
+    if (lhs.byteSize != rhs.byteSize)
+      return lhs.byteSize < rhs.byteSize;
+    if (lhs.sourceByteOffset != rhs.sourceByteOffset)
+      return lhs.sourceByteOffset < rhs.sourceByteOffset;
+    return lhs.hostByteOffset < rhs.hostByteOffset;
+  });
+
+  SmallVector<LaneLocalCopyRun, 8> laneRuns;
+  for (const FragmentAssemblyCopy& copy : sortedCopies) {
+    if (copy.lane < 0 || copy.lane >= static_cast<int64_t>(laneCount))
+      return failure();
+
+    if (!laneRuns.empty()) {
+      LaneLocalCopyRun& laneRun = laneRuns.back();
+      FragmentAssemblyCopyRun& run = laneRun.run;
+      if (run.source == copy.source && run.sourceType == copy.sourceType
+          && run.hostTargetIndex == copy.hostTargetIndex && laneRun.lane == copy.lane && run.byteSize == copy.byteSize
+          && run.sourceStartBytesByLane.size() == 1 && run.hostStartBytesByLane.size() == 1) {
+        int64_t previousSourceOffset = run.sourceStartBytesByLane.front() + (run.count - 1) * run.sourceStepBytes;
+        int64_t previousHostOffset = run.hostStartBytesByLane.front() + (run.count - 1) * run.hostStepBytes;
+        int64_t sourceDelta = copy.sourceByteOffset - previousSourceOffset;
+        int64_t hostDelta = copy.hostByteOffset - previousHostOffset;
+        if (run.count == 1) {
+          run.sourceStepBytes = sourceDelta;
+          run.hostStepBytes = hostDelta;
+          ++run.count;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (run.sourceStepBytes == sourceDelta && run.hostStepBytes == hostDelta) {
+          ++run.count;
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    LaneLocalCopyRun laneRun;
+    laneRun.run.source = copy.source;
+    laneRun.run.sourceType = copy.sourceType;
+    laneRun.run.hostTargetIndex = copy.hostTargetIndex;
+    laneRun.run.count = 1;
+    laneRun.run.byteSize = copy.byteSize;
+    laneRun.run.sourceStartBytesByLane.push_back(copy.sourceByteOffset);
+    laneRun.run.hostStartBytesByLane.push_back(copy.hostByteOffset);
+    laneRun.lane = copy.lane;
+    laneRuns.push_back(std::move(laneRun));
+  }
+
+  SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopyRun, 8> mergedRuns;
+  for (const LaneLocalCopyRun& laneRun : laneRuns) {
+    size_t laneIndex = static_cast<size_t>(laneRun.lane);
+    auto mergedIt = llvm::find_if(mergedRuns, [&](const FragmentAssemblyCopyRun& run) {
+      return run.source == laneRun.run.source && run.sourceType == laneRun.run.sourceType
+             && run.hostTargetIndex == laneRun.run.hostTargetIndex && run.count == laneRun.run.count
+             && run.byteSize == laneRun.run.byteSize && run.sourceStepBytes == laneRun.run.sourceStepBytes
+             && run.hostStepBytes == laneRun.run.hostStepBytes && laneIndex < run.sourceStartBytesByLane.size()
+             && run.sourceStartBytesByLane[laneIndex] == std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min();
+    });
+
+    if (mergedIt == mergedRuns.end()) {
+      FragmentAssemblyCopyRun merged = laneRun.run;
+      merged.sourceStartBytesByLane.assign(laneCount, std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min());
+      merged.hostStartBytesByLane.assign(laneCount, std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min());
+      merged.sourceStartBytesByLane[laneIndex] = laneRun.run.sourceStartBytesByLane.front();
+      merged.hostStartBytesByLane[laneIndex] = laneRun.run.hostStartBytesByLane.front();
+      mergedRuns.push_back(std::move(merged));
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    mergedIt->sourceStartBytesByLane[laneIndex] = laneRun.run.sourceStartBytesByLane.front();
+    mergedIt->hostStartBytesByLane[laneIndex] = laneRun.run.hostStartBytesByLane.front();
+  }
+
+  for (const FragmentAssemblyCopyRun& run : mergedRuns) {
+    if (llvm::any_of(run.sourceStartBytesByLane,
+                     [](int64_t value) { return value == std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min(); }))
+      return failure();
+    if (llvm::any_of(run.hostStartBytesByLane,
+                     [](int64_t value) { return value == std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min(); }))
+      return failure();
+  }
+
+  return mergedRuns;
+}
+
+static FailureOr<mlir::Value> emitFragmentAssemblyCopyRun(OpBuilder& builder,
+                                                          Location loc,
+                                                          const FragmentAssemblyCopyRun& run,
+                                                          mlir::Value hostTarget,
+                                                          Operation* anchor,
+                                                          std::optional<mlir::Value> laneArg,
+                                                          mlir::Value baseHostOffset,
+                                                          mlir::Value sourceRunStartDelta = {},
+                                                          mlir::Value hostRunStartDelta = {}) {
+  auto sizeAttr = pim::getCheckedI32Attr(builder, anchor, run.byteSize, "fragment assembly host copy byte size");
+  if (failed(sizeAttr))
+    return failure();
+
+  mlir::Value hostStart;
+  mlir::Value sourceStart;
+  if (laneArg) {
+    hostStart = createIndexedOffset(builder, loc, *laneArg, run.hostStartBytesByLane, anchor);
+    sourceStart = createIndexedOffset(builder, loc, *laneArg, run.sourceStartBytesByLane, anchor);
+  } else {
+    hostStart = getOrCreateIndexConstant(builder, anchor, run.hostStartBytesByLane.front());
+    sourceStart = getOrCreateIndexConstant(builder, anchor, run.sourceStartBytesByLane.front());
+  }
+
+  if (hostRunStartDelta)
+    hostStart = arith::AddIOp::create(builder, loc, hostStart, hostRunStartDelta).getResult();
+  if (sourceRunStartDelta)
+    sourceStart = arith::AddIOp::create(builder, loc, sourceStart, sourceRunStartDelta).getResult();
+  if (baseHostOffset)
+    hostStart = arith::AddIOp::create(builder, loc, baseHostOffset, hostStart).getResult();
+
+  if (run.count == 1) {
+    return pim::PimMemCopyDevToHostOp::create(builder,
+                                              loc,
+                                              hostTarget.getType(),
+                                              hostStart,
+                                              sourceStart,
+                                              hostTarget,
+                                              run.source,
+                                              *sizeAttr)
+      .getOutput();
+  }
+
+  mlir::Value lowerBound = getOrCreateIndexConstant(builder, anchor, 0);
+  mlir::Value upperBound = getOrCreateIndexConstant(builder, anchor, run.count);
+  mlir::Value step = getOrCreateIndexConstant(builder, anchor, 1);
+  FailureOr<NormalizedLoopResult> loop = buildNormalizedScfFor(
+    builder,
+    loc,
+    lowerBound,
+    upperBound,
+    step,
+    ValueRange {hostTarget},
+    [&](OpBuilder& loopBuilder,
+        Location bodyLoc,
+        mlir::Value flatIndex,
+        ValueRange iterArgs,
+        SmallVectorImpl<mlir::Value>& yielded) {
+      mlir::Value hostOffset = createSteppedOffset(
+        loopBuilder, bodyLoc, hostStart, flatIndex, run.hostStepBytes, anchor);
+      mlir::Value sourceOffset =
+        createSteppedOffset(loopBuilder, bodyLoc, sourceStart, flatIndex, run.sourceStepBytes, anchor);
+      mlir::Value copied =
+        pim::PimMemCopyDevToHostOp::create(loopBuilder,
+                                           bodyLoc,
+                                           iterArgs.front().getType(),
+                                           hostOffset,
+                                           sourceOffset,
+                                           iterArgs.front(),
+                                           run.source,
+                                           *sizeAttr)
+          .getOutput();
+      yielded.push_back(copied);
+      return success();
+    });
+  if (failed(loop))
+    return failure();
+  return loop->results.front();
+}
+
+static FailureOr<mlir::Value> emitFragmentAssemblyCopyRunFamily(OpBuilder& builder,
+                                                                Location loc,
+                                                                const FragmentAssemblyCopyRunFamily& family,
+                                                                mlir::Value hostTarget,
+                                                                Operation* anchor,
+                                                                std::optional<mlir::Value> laneArg,
+                                                                mlir::Value baseHostOffset) {
+  if (family.sourceRunStartDeltas.size() == 1)
+    return emitFragmentAssemblyCopyRun(
+      builder, loc, family.prototype, hostTarget, anchor, laneArg, baseHostOffset);
+
+  mlir::Value lowerBound = getOrCreateIndexConstant(builder, anchor, 0);
+  mlir::Value upperBound = getOrCreateIndexConstant(builder, anchor, family.sourceRunStartDeltas.size());
+  mlir::Value step = getOrCreateIndexConstant(builder, anchor, 1);
+  FailureOr<NormalizedLoopResult> outerLoop = buildNormalizedScfFor(
+    builder,
+    loc,
+    lowerBound,
+    upperBound,
+    step,
+    ValueRange {hostTarget},
+    [&](OpBuilder& loopBuilder,
+        Location bodyLoc,
+        mlir::Value runIndex,
+        ValueRange iterArgs,
+        SmallVectorImpl<mlir::Value>& yielded) {
+      mlir::Value sourceRunStartDelta =
+        createIndexedOffset(loopBuilder, bodyLoc, runIndex, family.sourceRunStartDeltas, anchor);
+      mlir::Value hostRunStartDelta =
+        createIndexedOffset(loopBuilder, bodyLoc, runIndex, family.hostRunStartDeltas, anchor);
+      FailureOr<mlir::Value> copied = emitFragmentAssemblyCopyRun(loopBuilder,
+                                                                  bodyLoc,
+                                                                  family.prototype,
+                                                                  iterArgs.front(),
+                                                                  anchor,
+                                                                  laneArg,
+                                                                  baseHostOffset,
+                                                                  sourceRunStartDelta,
+                                                                  hostRunStartDelta);
+      if (failed(copied))
+        return failure();
+      yielded.push_back(*copied);
+      return success();
+    });
+  if (failed(outerLoop))
+    return failure();
+  return outerLoop->results.front();
+}
+
+FailureOr<mlir::Value> emitFragmentAssemblyCopyRuns(IRRewriter& rewriter,
+                                                    Location loc,
+                                                    ArrayRef<FragmentAssemblyCopyRun> runs,
+                                                    mlir::Value hostTarget,
+                                                    Operation* anchor,
+                                                    std::optional<mlir::Value> laneArg,
+                                                    mlir::Value baseHostOffset) {
+  for (const FragmentAssemblyCopyRunFamily& family : groupFragmentAssemblyCopyRunFamilies(runs)) {
+    FailureOr<mlir::Value> updatedHostTarget =
+      emitFragmentAssemblyCopyRunFamily(rewriter, loc, family, hostTarget, anchor, laneArg, baseHostOffset);
+    if (failed(updatedHostTarget))
+      return failure();
+    hostTarget = *updatedHostTarget;
+  }
+
+  return hostTarget;
+}
+
 } // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/Common.hpp

@@ -1,10 +1,23 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/STLFunctionalExtras.h"
+
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Builders.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Value.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
 #include "mlir/Support/LogicalResult.h"
 
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
 
+namespace onnx_mlir::spatial {
+class SpatBlueprintOp;
+}
+
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 
 mlir::FailureOr<mlir::IntegerAttr>
@@ -29,6 +42,62 @@ mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Value> getOpOperandsSortedByUses(mlir::Operation* operat
 
 mlir::Value getBestOutputTensorFromOperandsOrAllocate(mlir::RewriterBase& rewriter, mlir::Operation* operation);
 
+mlir::LogicalResult validateFragmentAssemblyMetadata(onnx_mlir::spatial::SpatBlueprintOp blueprint,
+                                                     int64_t resultRank,
+                                                     size_t operandCount,
+                                                     llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> operandIndices,
+                                                     llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceOffsets,
+                                                     llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> flatOffsets,
+                                                     llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> flatSizes,
+                                                     llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> flatStrides);
+
+mlir::FailureOr<mlir::SmallVector<int64_t, 4>>
+getStaticSliceOffsetsForElementOffset(mlir::Operation* anchor,
+                                      mlir::ShapedType sourceType,
+                                      llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> fragmentShape,
+                                      int64_t sourceElementOffset,
+                                      llvm::StringRef fieldName);
+
+mlir::LogicalResult
+forEachContiguousDestinationChunk(llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> destShape,
+                                  llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> baseOffsets,
+                                  llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t> sizes,
+                                  llvm::function_ref<mlir::LogicalResult(llvm::ArrayRef<int64_t>, int64_t, int64_t)>
+                                    callback);
+
+struct FragmentAssemblyCopy {
+  mlir::Value source;
+  mlir::RankedTensorType sourceType;
+  unsigned hostTargetIndex = 0;
+  int64_t lane = 0;
+  int64_t sourceByteOffset = 0;
+  int64_t hostByteOffset = 0;
+  int64_t byteSize = 0;
+};
+
+struct FragmentAssemblyCopyRun {
+  mlir::Value source;
+  mlir::RankedTensorType sourceType;
+  unsigned hostTargetIndex = 0;
+  int64_t count = 0;
+  int64_t sourceStepBytes = 0;
+  int64_t hostStepBytes = 0;
+  int64_t byteSize = 0;
+  mlir::SmallVector<int64_t, 8> sourceStartBytesByLane;
+  mlir::SmallVector<int64_t, 8> hostStartBytesByLane;
+};
+
+mlir::FailureOr<mlir::SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopyRun, 8>>
+groupFragmentAssemblyCopyRuns(llvm::ArrayRef<FragmentAssemblyCopy> copies, uint32_t laneCount = 1);
+
+mlir::FailureOr<mlir::Value> emitFragmentAssemblyCopyRuns(mlir::IRRewriter& rewriter,
+                                                          mlir::Location loc,
+                                                          llvm::ArrayRef<FragmentAssemblyCopyRun> runs,
+                                                          mlir::Value hostTarget,
+                                                          mlir::Operation* anchor,
+                                                          std::optional<mlir::Value> laneArg = std::nullopt,
+                                                          mlir::Value baseHostOffset = {});
+
 inline mlir::tensor::EmptyOp
 createEmptyTensorFromShaped(mlir::IRRewriter& rewriter, mlir::Location loc, mlir::ShapedType shapedType) {
   return mlir::tensor::EmptyOp::create(rewriter, loc, shapedType.getShape(), shapedType.getElementType());

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/CoreLoweringPatterns.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Linalg/IR/Linalg.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tosa/IR/TosaOps.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/IRMapping.h"
@@ -8,6 +9,10 @@
 
 #include "Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/Common.hpp"
 #include "Conversion/SpatialToPim/SpatialToPimPass.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/BatchCoreUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/LoopUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ShapingUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/CheckedArithmetic.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/Common.hpp"
@@ -30,6 +35,90 @@ static bool isChannelUseChainOp(Operation* op) {
              pim::PimTransposeOp>(op);
 }
 
+static FailureOr<Value> lowerFragmentAssemblyBlueprint(IRRewriter& rewriter,
+                                                       spatial::SpatBlueprintOp blueprint,
+                                                       IRMapping& mapping) {
+  auto resultType = dyn_cast<ShapedType>(blueprint.getOutput().getType());
+  if (!resultType || !resultType.hasStaticShape())
+    return blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly lowering requires a static ranked tensor result");
+
+  std::optional<StringRef> modeAttr = blueprint.getMode();
+  std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> operandIndicesAttr = blueprint.getFragmentOperandIndices();
+  std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> sourceOffsetsAttr = blueprint.getFragmentSourceOffsets();
+  std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> fragmentStridesAttr = blueprint.getFragmentStrides();
+  if (!modeAttr || *modeAttr != "fragment_assembly" || !operandIndicesAttr || !sourceOffsetsAttr
+      || !fragmentStridesAttr)
+    return blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly lowering requires explicit fragment metadata");
+
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> operandIndices = *operandIndicesAttr;
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceOffsets = *sourceOffsetsAttr;
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> flatOffsets = blueprint.getFragmentOffsets();
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> flatSizes = blueprint.getFragmentSizes();
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> flatStrides = *fragmentStridesAttr;
+  int64_t rank = resultType.getRank();
+
+  SmallVector<Value> fragmentOperands {blueprint.getInput()};
+  llvm::append_range(fragmentOperands, blueprint.getFragments());
+  if (failed(validateFragmentAssemblyMetadata(blueprint,
+                                              rank,
+                                              fragmentOperands.size(),
+                                              operandIndices,
+                                              sourceOffsets,
+                                              flatOffsets,
+                                              flatSizes,
+                                              flatStrides)))
+    return failure();
+
+  SmallVector<int64_t> hostStrides = computeRowMajorStrides(resultType.getShape());
+  SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopy, 8> copies;
+  for (int64_t fragmentIndex = 0; fragmentIndex < static_cast<int64_t>(operandIndices.size()); ++fragmentIndex) {
+    int64_t operandIndex = operandIndices[fragmentIndex];
+
+    SmallVector<int64_t, 4> fragmentOffsets;
+    SmallVector<int64_t, 4> fragmentSizes;
+    for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < rank; ++dim) {
+      int64_t flatIndex = fragmentIndex * rank + dim;
+      if (flatStrides[flatIndex] != 1)
+        return blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly lowering only supports unit strides");
+      fragmentOffsets.push_back(flatOffsets[flatIndex]);
+      fragmentSizes.push_back(flatSizes[flatIndex]);
+    }
+
+    Value source = mapping.lookupOrDefault(fragmentOperands[operandIndex]);
+    auto sourceType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(source.getType());
+    if (!sourceType || !sourceType.hasStaticShape())
+      return blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly lowering requires static ranked tensor operands");
+    size_t elementSize = getElementTypeSizeInBytes(sourceType.getElementType());
+    if (failed(forEachContiguousDestinationChunk(
+          resultType.getShape(),
+          fragmentOffsets,
+          fragmentSizes,
+          [&](ArrayRef<int64_t> chunkOffsets, int64_t relativeSourceOffset, int64_t chunkElements) -> LogicalResult {
+            int64_t hostElementOffset = 0;
+            for (auto [dim, offset] : llvm::enumerate(chunkOffsets))
+              hostElementOffset += offset * hostStrides[dim];
+
+            FragmentAssemblyCopy copy;
+            copy.source = source;
+            copy.sourceType = sourceType;
+            copy.sourceByteOffset =
+              (sourceOffsets[fragmentIndex] + relativeSourceOffset) * static_cast<int64_t>(elementSize);
+            copy.hostByteOffset = hostElementOffset * static_cast<int64_t>(elementSize);
+            copy.byteSize = chunkElements * static_cast<int64_t>(elementSize);
+            copies.push_back(copy);
+            return success();
+          })))
+      return failure();
+  }
+
+  Value currentOutput = createEmptyTensorFromShaped(rewriter, blueprint.getLoc(), resultType);
+  FailureOr<SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopyRun, 8>> runs = groupFragmentAssemblyCopyRuns(copies);
+  if (failed(runs))
+    return failure();
+  return emitFragmentAssemblyCopyRuns(
+    rewriter, blueprint.getLoc(), *runs, currentOutput, blueprint.getOperation());
+}
+
 static void
 cloneMappedHelperOperands(Operation* op, IRMapping& mapping, IRRewriter& rewriter, OperationFolder& constantFolder) {
   for (Value operand : op->getOperands()) {
@@ -55,17 +144,6 @@ cloneMappedHelperOperands(Operation* op, IRMapping& mapping, IRRewriter& rewrite
   }
 }
 
-static FailureOr<int32_t> getPimCoreIdForComputeOp(spatial::SpatScheduledCompute computeOp, size_t& fallbackCoreId) {
-  if (auto spatialCoreIdAttr = computeOp->getAttrOfType<IntegerAttr>(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdAttrName))
-    return pim::checkedI32(spatialCoreIdAttr.getInt(), computeOp, "spatial compute core id");
-  auto checkedCoreId =
-    pim::checkedI32(static_cast<uint64_t>(fallbackCoreId), computeOp, "fallback spatial compute core id");
-  if (failed(checkedCoreId))
-    return failure();
-  ++fallbackCoreId;
-  return *checkedCoreId;
-}
-
 static LogicalResult collectHelperComputeChain(spatial::SpatScheduledCompute computeOp,
                                                SmallVectorImpl<Operation*>& helperChain,
                                                bool requireReturnUse = true) {
@@ -104,16 +182,79 @@ static LogicalResult collectHelperComputeChain(spatial::SpatScheduledCompute com
   return success();
 }
 
+static bool isHostMaterializableHelperOp(Operation* op) {
+  if (isa<spatial::SpatYieldOp>(op))
+    return true;
+  if (isa<arith::ConstantOp>(op) || op->hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>())
+    return true;
+  if (auto blueprint = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>(op)) {
+    std::optional<StringRef> mode = blueprint.getMode();
+    return mode && *mode == "fragment_assembly";
+  }
+  return isShapingOnlyOp(op) || isPureIndexComputationOp(op);
+}
+
+static FailureOr<DenseMap<Value, Attribute>>
+analyzeHostMaterializableHelper(spatial::SpatScheduledCompute computeOp) {
+  DenseMap<Value, Attribute> folded;
+  for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(computeOp.getWeights())) {
+    auto argument = computeOp.getWeightArgument(weightIndex);
+    if (!argument)
+      return failure();
+    Attribute constant;
+    if (matchPattern(weight, m_Constant(&constant)))
+      folded[*argument] = constant;
+  }
+  Block& block = computeOp.getBody().front();
+  for (Operation& op : block) {
+    if (!isHostMaterializableHelperOp(&op))
+      return failure();
+    if (isa<spatial::SpatYieldOp, spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>(op)
+        || (isShapingOnlyOp(&op) && !isPureIndexComputationOp(&op)))
+      continue;
+    if (isa<arith::ConstantOp>(op) || op.hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>()) {
+      for (Value result : op.getResults()) {
+        Attribute constant;
+        if (!matchPattern(result, m_Constant(&constant)))
+          return failure();
+        folded[result] = constant;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!isPureIndexComputationOp(&op) || op.getNumRegions() != 0)
+      return failure();
+    SmallVector<Attribute> operands;
+    for (Value operand : op.getOperands()) {
+      auto it = folded.find(operand);
+      if (it == folded.end())
+        return failure();
+      operands.push_back(it->second);
+    }
+    SmallVector<OpFoldResult> results;
+    if (failed(op.fold(operands, results))
+        || results.size() != op.getNumResults())
+      return failure();
+    for (auto [result, foldResult] : llvm::zip(op.getResults(), results)) {
+      auto attribute = dyn_cast<Attribute>(foldResult);
+      if (!attribute)
+        return failure();
+      folded[result] = attribute;
+    }
+  }
+  return folded;
+}
+
 static bool inlineInputlessHelperComputeForWeightLikeUsers(spatial::SpatScheduledCompute computeOp,
                                                            IRRewriter& rewriter,
                                                            OperationFolder& constantFolder) {
   if (!computeOp.getInputs().empty() || computeOp.getNumResults() != 1)
     return false;
+  if (computeOp.getResult(0).use_empty())
+    return false;
   if (!llvm::all_of(computeOp.getResult(0).getUsers(), [](Operation* user) {
         return isa<spatial::SpatScheduledCompute, spatial::SpatScheduledComputeBatch, pim::PimCoreOp, pim::PimCoreBatchOp>(user);
       }))
     return false;
-
   Block& block = computeOp.getBody().front();
   if (block.getNumArguments() != computeOp.getWeights().size())
     return false;
@@ -121,6 +262,9 @@ static bool inlineInputlessHelperComputeForWeightLikeUsers(spatial::SpatSchedule
   auto yieldOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatYieldOp>(block.getTerminator());
   if (!yieldOp || yieldOp.getNumOperands() != 1)
     return false;
+  auto folded = analyzeHostMaterializableHelper(computeOp);
+  if (failed(folded))
+    return false;
 
   rewriter.setInsertionPoint(computeOp);
   IRMapping mapping;
@@ -131,6 +275,31 @@ static bool inlineInputlessHelperComputeForWeightLikeUsers(spatial::SpatSchedule
     mapping.map(*weightArg, weight);
   }
   for (Operation& op : block.without_terminator()) {
+    if (auto blueprint = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>(op)) {
+      std::optional<StringRef> modeAttr = blueprint.getMode();
+      if (modeAttr && *modeAttr == "fragment_assembly") {
+        auto lowered = lowerFragmentAssemblyBlueprint(rewriter, blueprint, mapping);
+        if (failed(lowered))
+          return false;
+        mapping.map(blueprint.getOutput(), *lowered);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (isa<arith::ConstantOp>(op) || op.hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>()
+        || isPureIndexComputationOp(&op)) {
+      for (Value result : op.getResults()) {
+        auto it = folded->find(result);
+        if (it == folded->end())
+          return false;
+        mapping.map(
+          result,
+          getOrCreateConstant(constantFolder, computeOp, it->second,
+                              result.getType()));
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
     cloneMappedHelperOperands(&op, mapping, rewriter, constantFolder);
     Operation* clonedOp = rewriter.clone(op, mapping);
     for (auto [originalResult, newResult] : llvm::zip(op.getResults(), clonedOp->getResults()))
@@ -214,7 +383,7 @@ LogicalResult raptor::SpatialToPimPass::lowerComputeOp(spatial::SpatScheduledCom
   if (!computeOp.getWeights().empty())
     computeWeights.append(computeOp.getWeights().begin(), computeOp.getWeights().end());
   rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(computeOp);
-  auto checkedCoreId = getPimCoreIdForComputeOp(computeOp, coreId);
+  auto checkedCoreId = getRequiredScheduledCoreId(computeOp, "spatial compute core id");
   if (failed(checkedCoreId))
     return failure();
   auto coreIdAttr = pim::getCheckedI32Attr(rewriter, computeOp, static_cast<int64_t>(*checkedCoreId), "pim core id");

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/Patterns.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
+#include "mlir/Transforms/DialectConversion.h"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/CheckedArithmetic.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/Common.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/Patterns.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
 
 using namespace mlir;
 
@@ -11,6 +15,92 @@ namespace raptor {
 
 } // namespace raptor
 
+struct LowerFragmentAssemblyBlueprintPattern
+  : OpConversionPattern<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp> {
+  using OpConversionPattern::OpConversionPattern;
+
+  LogicalResult matchAndRewrite(spatial::SpatBlueprintOp op,
+                                OpAdaptor adaptor,
+                                ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter) const override {
+    std::optional<StringRef> modeAttr = op.getMode();
+    if (!modeAttr || *modeAttr != "fragment_assembly")
+      return failure();
+
+    auto resultType = dyn_cast<ShapedType>(op.getOutput().getType());
+    if (!resultType || !resultType.hasStaticShape())
+      return op.emitOpError("fragment assembly lowering requires a static ranked tensor result");
+
+    std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> operandIndicesAttr = op.getFragmentOperandIndices();
+    std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> sourceOffsetsAttr = op.getFragmentSourceOffsets();
+    std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> fragmentStridesAttr = op.getFragmentStrides();
+    if (!operandIndicesAttr || !sourceOffsetsAttr || !fragmentStridesAttr)
+      return op.emitOpError("fragment assembly lowering requires explicit fragment metadata");
+
+    ArrayRef<int64_t> operandIndices = *operandIndicesAttr;
+    ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceOffsets = *sourceOffsetsAttr;
+    ArrayRef<int64_t> flatOffsets = op.getFragmentOffsets();
+    ArrayRef<int64_t> flatSizes = op.getFragmentSizes();
+    ArrayRef<int64_t> flatStrides = *fragmentStridesAttr;
+    int64_t rank = resultType.getRank();
+
+    SmallVector<Value> fragmentOperands {adaptor.getInput()};
+    llvm::append_range(fragmentOperands, adaptor.getFragments());
+    if (failed(validateFragmentAssemblyMetadata(
+          op, rank, fragmentOperands.size(), operandIndices, sourceOffsets, flatOffsets, flatSizes, flatStrides)))
+      return failure();
+
+    Value currentOutput =
+      tensor::EmptyOp::create(rewriter, op.getLoc(), resultType.getShape(), resultType.getElementType()).getResult();
+    for (int64_t fragmentIndex = 0; fragmentIndex < static_cast<int64_t>(operandIndices.size()); ++fragmentIndex) {
+      int64_t operandIndex = operandIndices[fragmentIndex];
+
+      SmallVector<int64_t, 4> fragmentOffsets;
+      for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < rank; ++dim) {
+        int64_t flatIndex = fragmentIndex * rank + dim;
+        if (flatStrides[flatIndex] != 1)
+          return op.emitOpError("fragment assembly lowering only supports unit strides");
+        fragmentOffsets.push_back(flatOffsets[flatIndex]);
+      }
+
+      Value source = fragmentOperands[operandIndex];
+      auto sourceType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(source.getType());
+      if (!sourceType || !sourceType.hasStaticShape())
+        return op.emitOpError("fragment assembly lowering requires static ranked tensor operands");
+
+      SmallVector<int64_t, 4> fragmentShape;
+      fragmentShape.reserve(rank);
+      for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < rank; ++dim)
+        fragmentShape.push_back(flatSizes[fragmentIndex * rank + dim]);
+
+      Value fragment = source;
+      if (llvm::to_vector(sourceType.getShape()) != fragmentShape || sourceOffsets[fragmentIndex] != 0) {
+        FailureOr<SmallVector<int64_t, 4>> extractOffsets = getStaticSliceOffsetsForElementOffset(
+          op, sourceType, fragmentShape, sourceOffsets[fragmentIndex], "fragment assembly source slice");
+        if (failed(extractOffsets))
+          return failure();
+        fragment = tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(rewriter,
+                                                  op.getLoc(),
+                                                  source,
+                                                  getStaticIndexAttrs(rewriter, *extractOffsets),
+                                                  getStaticIndexAttrs(rewriter, fragmentShape),
+                                                  getUnitStrides(rewriter, rank));
+      }
+
+      currentOutput = tensor::InsertSliceOp::create(rewriter,
+                                                    op.getLoc(),
+                                                    fragment,
+                                                    currentOutput,
+                                                    getStaticIndexAttrs(rewriter, fragmentOffsets),
+                                                    getStaticIndexAttrs(rewriter, fragmentShape),
+                                                    getUnitStrides(rewriter, rank))
+                        .getResult();
+    }
+
+    rewriter.replaceOp(op, currentOutput);
+    return success();
+  }
+};
+
 void populateInitialPatterns(RewritePatternSet& patterns) {
   raptor::populateWithGenerated(patterns);
   populateTransposeLoweringPatterns(patterns);
@@ -19,6 +109,7 @@ void populateInitialPatterns(RewritePatternSet& patterns) {
 void populateCoreBodyPatterns(RewritePatternSet& patterns) {
   raptor::populateWithGenerated(patterns);
   populateTransposeLoweringPatterns(patterns);
+  patterns.add<LowerFragmentAssemblyBlueprintPattern>(patterns.getContext());
 }
 
 } // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/ReturnPathNormalization.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Bufferization/IR/Bufferization.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Linalg/IR/Linalg.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/MemRef/IR/MemRef.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tosa/IR/TosaOps.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/BuiltinOps.h"
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@
 
 #include "Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common/Common.hpp"
 #include "Conversion/SpatialToPim/SpatialToPimPass.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/LoopUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/CheckedArithmetic.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/Common.hpp"
@@ -149,6 +151,40 @@ static std::optional<ReturnUseInfo> analyzeReturnUse(Value value) {
   };
 }
 
+static FailureOr<SmallVector<std::pair<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp, size_t>, 4>>
+analyzeTopLevelFragmentAssemblyUses(Value value) {
+  SmallVector<std::pair<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp, size_t>, 4> uses;
+  for (OpOperand& use : value.getUses()) {
+    auto blueprint = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>(use.getOwner());
+    if (!blueprint || blueprint->getParentOp() != blueprint->getParentOfType<func::FuncOp>())
+      return failure();
+    std::optional<StringRef> mode = blueprint.getMode();
+    if (!mode || *mode != "fragment_assembly")
+      return failure();
+    if (!blueprint.getOutput().hasOneUse() || !isa<func::ReturnOp>(*blueprint.getOutput().getUsers().begin()))
+      return failure();
+    std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> operandIndicesAttr = blueprint.getFragmentOperandIndices();
+    std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> sourceOffsetsAttr = blueprint.getFragmentSourceOffsets();
+    std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> stridesAttr = blueprint.getFragmentStrides();
+    auto resultType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(blueprint.getOutput().getType());
+    if (!operandIndicesAttr || !sourceOffsetsAttr || !stridesAttr || !resultType || !resultType.hasStaticShape())
+      return failure();
+    SmallVector<Value> fragmentOperands {blueprint.getInput()};
+    llvm::append_range(fragmentOperands, blueprint.getFragments());
+    if (failed(validateFragmentAssemblyMetadata(blueprint,
+                                                resultType.getRank(),
+                                                fragmentOperands.size(),
+                                                *operandIndicesAttr,
+                                                *sourceOffsetsAttr,
+                                                blueprint.getFragmentOffsets(),
+                                                blueprint.getFragmentSizes(),
+                                                *stridesAttr)))
+      return failure();
+    uses.emplace_back(blueprint, use.getOperandNumber());
+  }
+  return uses;
+}
+
 static std::optional<ConcatReturnUseInfo> analyzeConcatReturnUse(Value value) {
   auto getConcatResult = [](Operation* op) -> Value {
     if (auto tensorConcat = dyn_cast<tensor::ConcatOp>(op))
@@ -559,6 +595,115 @@ raptor::SpatialToPimPass::ReturnPathLoweringResult raptor::SpatialToPimPass::low
     }
   }
 
+  FailureOr<SmallVector<std::pair<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp, size_t>, 4>> fragmentAssemblyUses =
+    analyzeTopLevelFragmentAssemblyUses(producedValue);
+  if (succeeded(fragmentAssemblyUses)) {
+    auto sourceType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(storedValue.getType());
+    if (!sourceType || !sourceType.hasStaticShape()) {
+      producerOp->emitOpError("fragment assembly publication requires a static ranked tensor source");
+      return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Failure;
+    }
+
+    size_t elementSize = getElementTypeSizeInBytes(sourceType.getElementType());
+    for (auto [blueprint, operandNumber] : *fragmentAssemblyUses) {
+      rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(storedValue);
+      std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> operandIndicesAttr = blueprint.getFragmentOperandIndices();
+      std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> sourceOffsetsAttr = blueprint.getFragmentSourceOffsets();
+      std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> stridesAttr = blueprint.getFragmentStrides();
+      if (!operandIndicesAttr || !sourceOffsetsAttr || !stridesAttr) {
+        blueprint.emitOpError(
+          "fragment assembly lowering requires explicit operand, source-offset, and stride metadata");
+        return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Failure;
+      }
+
+      size_t returnIndex = blueprint.getOutput().getUses().begin()->getOperandNumber();
+      Value outputTensor = outputTensors[returnIndex](rewriter, loc);
+      auto outputType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(outputTensor.getType());
+      auto resultType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(blueprint.getOutput().getType());
+      if (!outputType || !resultType || !resultType.hasStaticShape()) {
+        blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly lowering requires static ranked host outputs");
+        return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Failure;
+      }
+
+      ArrayRef<int64_t> operandIndices = *operandIndicesAttr;
+      ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceOffsets = *sourceOffsetsAttr;
+      ArrayRef<int64_t> flatOffsets = blueprint.getFragmentOffsets();
+      ArrayRef<int64_t> flatSizes = blueprint.getFragmentSizes();
+      ArrayRef<int64_t> flatStrides = *stridesAttr;
+      int64_t rank = resultType.getRank();
+      if (failed(validateFragmentAssemblyMetadata(blueprint,
+                                                  rank,
+                                                  1 + blueprint.getFragments().size(),
+                                                  operandIndices,
+                                                  sourceOffsets,
+                                                  flatOffsets,
+                                                  flatSizes,
+                                                  flatStrides)))
+        return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Failure;
+      SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopy, 8> copies;
+      for (int64_t fragmentIndex = 0; fragmentIndex < static_cast<int64_t>(operandIndices.size()); ++fragmentIndex) {
+        if (operandIndices[fragmentIndex] != static_cast<int64_t>(operandNumber))
+          continue;
+
+        SmallVector<int64_t, 4> fragmentOffsets;
+        SmallVector<int64_t, 4> fragmentSizes;
+        for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < rank; ++dim) {
+          int64_t flatIndex = fragmentIndex * rank + dim;
+          if (flatStrides[flatIndex] != 1) {
+            blueprint.emitOpError("fragment assembly lowering only supports unit strides");
+            return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Failure;
+          }
+          fragmentOffsets.push_back(flatOffsets[flatIndex]);
+          fragmentSizes.push_back(flatSizes[flatIndex]);
+        }
+
+        bool failedChunk = false;
+        if (failed(forEachContiguousDestinationChunk(
+          outputType.getShape(),
+          fragmentOffsets,
+          fragmentSizes,
+          [&](ArrayRef<int64_t> chunkOffsets, int64_t relativeSourceOffset, int64_t chunkElements) -> LogicalResult {
+            auto hostOffset =
+              getCheckedByteOffset(computeFlatElementIndex(chunkOffsets, outputType.getShape()),
+                                   elementSize,
+                                   producerOp,
+                                   "fragment assembly host offset");
+            auto sourceOffset = getCheckedByteOffset(sourceOffsets[fragmentIndex] + relativeSourceOffset,
+                                                     elementSize,
+                                                     producerOp,
+                                                     "fragment assembly source offset");
+            auto fragmentBytes =
+              getCheckedByteOffset(chunkElements, elementSize, producerOp, "fragment assembly host copy byte size");
+            if (failed(hostOffset) || failed(sourceOffset) || failed(fragmentBytes)) {
+              failedChunk = true;
+              return failure();
+            }
+            FragmentAssemblyCopy copy;
+            copy.source = storedValue;
+            copy.sourceType = sourceType;
+            copy.hostByteOffset = *hostOffset;
+            copy.sourceByteOffset = *sourceOffset;
+            copy.byteSize = *fragmentBytes;
+            copies.push_back(copy);
+            return success();
+          })))
+          failedChunk = true;
+        if (failedChunk)
+          return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Failure;
+      }
+      FailureOr<SmallVector<FragmentAssemblyCopyRun, 8>> runs = groupFragmentAssemblyCopyRuns(copies);
+      if (failed(runs))
+        return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Failure;
+      FailureOr<Value> updatedOutput =
+        emitFragmentAssemblyCopyRuns(rewriter, blueprint.getLoc(), *runs, outputTensor, producerOp);
+      if (failed(updatedOutput))
+        return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Failure;
+      outputTensor = *updatedOutput;
+      markOpToRemove(blueprint.getOperation());
+    }
+    return ReturnPathLoweringResult::Handled;
+  }
+
   if (auto concatReturnUse = analyzeConcatReturnUse(producedValue)) {
     size_t elementSize = getElementTypeSizeInBytes(storedTensorType.getElementType());
     auto storedByteSize =
@@ -669,6 +814,16 @@ void raptor::SpatialToPimPass::replaceReturnWithOutputBuffers(func::ReturnOp ret
       return;
     }
 
+    if (auto blueprint = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatBlueprintOp>(op)) {
+      std::optional<StringRef> mode = blueprint.getMode();
+      if (mode && *mode == "fragment_assembly") {
+        markOpToRemove(blueprint.getOperation());
+        for (Value operand : blueprint->getOperands())
+          markOwnedReturnChain(operand.getDefiningOp(), markOwnedReturnChain);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
     if (auto computeOp = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatScheduledCompute>(op)) {
       markOpToRemove(computeOp);
       if (!computeOp.getInputs().empty())

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/SpatialToPimPass.cpp

@@ -44,121 +44,29 @@ using namespace pim;
 
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 
-static memref::GlobalOp getOrCreateZeroGlobal(IRRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, RankedTensorType tensorType) {
-  auto moduleOp = rewriter.getBlock()->getParentOp()->getParentOfType<ModuleOp>();
-  auto memRefType = MemRefType::get(tensorType.getShape(), tensorType.getElementType());
-  auto zeroAttr = DenseElementsAttr::get(tensorType, rewriter.getZeroAttr(tensorType.getElementType()));
-
-  for (auto globalOp : moduleOp.getOps<memref::GlobalOp>()) {
-    if (!globalOp.getConstant() || globalOp.getType() != memRefType || !globalOp.getInitialValue())
-      continue;
-    if (dyn_cast<DenseElementsAttr>(*globalOp.getInitialValue()) == zeroAttr)
-      return globalOp;
-  }
-
-  std::string nameStem;
-  llvm::raw_string_ostream nameStream(nameStem);
-  nameStream << "__pim_zero_" << tensorType.getRank() << "d_" << tensorType.getNumElements();
-  nameStream.flush();
-
-  std::string symbolName = nameStem;
-  unsigned suffix = 0;
-  while (SymbolTable::lookupSymbolIn(moduleOp, symbolName))
-    symbolName = (nameStem + "_" + Twine(suffix++)).str();
-
-  OpBuilder::InsertionGuard guard(rewriter);
-  rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(moduleOp.getBody());
-  return memref::GlobalOp::create(rewriter,
-                                  loc,
-                                  rewriter.getStringAttr(symbolName),
-                                  rewriter.getStringAttr("private"),
-                                  TypeAttr::get(memRefType),
-                                  zeroAttr,
-                                  rewriter.getUnitAttr(),
-                                  IntegerAttr {});
-}
-
-static FailureOr<Value> createZeroedDeviceHVector(IRRewriter& rewriter,
-                                                  Location loc,
-                                                  RankedTensorType tensorType,
-                                                  OperationFolder& constantFolder) {
-  auto outputBuffer = createEmptyTensorFromShaped(rewriter, loc, tensorType);
-  auto zeroGlobal = getOrCreateZeroGlobal(rewriter, loc, tensorType);
-  auto zeroValue = memref::GetGlobalOp::create(rewriter, loc, zeroGlobal.getType(), zeroGlobal.getName());
-  auto zeroIndex = getOrCreateIndexConstant(constantFolder, outputBuffer.getOperation(), 0);
-  auto byteSize =
-    pim::getCheckedShapedTypeSizeInBytes(tensorType, outputBuffer.getOperation(), "host-to-device zero copy byte size");
-  if (failed(byteSize))
-    return failure();
-  auto sizeAttr =
-    pim::getCheckedI32Attr(rewriter, outputBuffer.getOperation(), *byteSize, "host-to-device zero copy byte size");
-  if (failed(sizeAttr))
-    return failure();
-  return PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(
-           rewriter, loc, tensorType, zeroIndex, zeroIndex, outputBuffer, zeroValue, *sizeAttr)
-    .getOutput();
-}
-
-static bool isHostBackedMemRefValue(Value value) {
-  while (Operation* definingOp = value.getDefiningOp()) {
-    if (auto subviewOp = dyn_cast<memref::SubViewOp>(definingOp)) {
-      value = subviewOp.getSource();
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (auto castOp = dyn_cast<memref::CastOp>(definingOp)) {
-      value = castOp.getSource();
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (auto collapseOp = dyn_cast<memref::CollapseShapeOp>(definingOp)) {
-      value = collapseOp.getSrc();
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (auto expandOp = dyn_cast<memref::ExpandShapeOp>(definingOp)) {
-      value = expandOp.getSrc();
-      continue;
-    }
-    return isa<memref::GetGlobalOp>(definingOp);
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-static bool isHostBackedTensorValue(Value value) {
-  while (Operation* definingOp = value.getDefiningOp()) {
-    if (auto extractSliceOp = dyn_cast<tensor::ExtractSliceOp>(definingOp)) {
-      auto sourceType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(extractSliceOp.getSource().getType());
-      auto resultType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(extractSliceOp.getResult().getType());
-      if (!sourceType || !resultType || !sourceType.hasStaticShape() || !resultType.hasStaticShape())
-        return false;
-      if (!onnx_mlir::isContiguousSubviewWithDynamicOffsets(sourceType.getShape(),
-                                                            extractSliceOp.getMixedOffsets(),
-                                                            extractSliceOp.getStaticSizes(),
-                                                            extractSliceOp.getStaticStrides())) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      value = extractSliceOp.getSource();
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (auto collapseOp = dyn_cast<tensor::CollapseShapeOp>(definingOp)) {
-      value = collapseOp.getSrc();
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (auto expandOp = dyn_cast<tensor::ExpandShapeOp>(definingOp)) {
-      value = expandOp.getSrc();
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (auto castOp = dyn_cast<tensor::CastOp>(definingOp)) {
-      value = castOp.getSource();
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (auto toTensorOp = dyn_cast<bufferization::ToTensorOp>(definingOp))
-      return isHostBackedMemRefValue(toTensorOp.getBuffer());
-    return false;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
 static FailureOr<Value>
-padHVectorInputToCrossbarSize(IRRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, Value vector, OperationFolder& constantFolder) {
+createZeroPaddedTensor(IRRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, Value value, RankedTensorType resultType) {
+  auto sourceType = cast<RankedTensorType>(value.getType());
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> lowPads(sourceType.getRank(), rewriter.getIndexAttr(0));
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> highPads;
+  highPads.reserve(sourceType.getRank());
+  for (auto [sourceDim, resultDim] : llvm::zip(sourceType.getShape(), resultType.getShape()))
+    highPads.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(resultDim - sourceDim));
+
+  auto padOp = tensor::PadOp::create(rewriter, loc, resultType, value, lowPads, highPads);
+  auto* padBlock = new Block();
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < sourceType.getRank(); ++i)
+    padBlock->addArgument(rewriter.getIndexType(), loc);
+  padOp.getRegion().push_back(padBlock);
+  rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(padBlock);
+  auto zero = getOrCreateConstant(
+    rewriter, padOp.getOperation(), rewriter.getZeroAttr(sourceType.getElementType()), sourceType.getElementType());
+  tensor::YieldOp::create(rewriter, loc, zero);
+  rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(padOp);
+  return padOp.getResult();
+}
+
+static FailureOr<Value> padHVectorInputToCrossbarSize(IRRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, Value vector) {
   auto vectorType = cast<RankedTensorType>(vector.getType());
   ArrayRef<int64_t> shape = vectorType.getShape();
   assert(isHVectorShape(shape) && "expected a horizontal vector");
@@ -169,26 +77,10 @@ padHVectorInputToCrossbarSize(IRRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, Value vector,
 
   auto paddedType = RankedTensorType::get(
     {shape[0], static_cast<int64_t>(crossbarSize)}, vectorType.getElementType(), vectorType.getEncoding());
-  auto zeroed = createZeroedDeviceHVector(rewriter, loc, paddedType, constantFolder);
-  if (failed(zeroed))
-    return failure();
-  Value zeroIndex = getOrCreateIndexConstant(constantFolder, zeroed->getDefiningOp(), 0);
-  auto byteSize =
-    pim::getCheckedShapedTypeSizeInBytes(vectorType, zeroed->getDefiningOp(), "device padding copy byte size");
-  if (failed(byteSize))
-    return failure();
-  auto sizeAttr = pim::getCheckedI32Attr(rewriter, zeroed->getDefiningOp(), *byteSize, "device padding copy byte size");
-  if (failed(sizeAttr))
-    return failure();
-  if (isHostBackedTensorValue(vector)) {
-    return PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(rewriter, loc, paddedType, zeroIndex, zeroIndex, *zeroed, vector, *sizeAttr)
-      .getOutput();
-  }
-  return PimMemCopyOp::create(rewriter, loc, paddedType, zeroIndex, zeroIndex, *zeroed, vector, *sizeAttr).getOutput();
+  return createZeroPaddedTensor(rewriter, loc, vector, paddedType);
 }
 
 void onnx_mlir::raptor::SpatialToPimPass::runOnOperation() {
-  coreId = 0;
   outputTensors.clear();
   operationsToRemove.clear();
   ModuleOp moduleOp = getOperation();
@@ -203,7 +95,7 @@ void onnx_mlir::raptor::SpatialToPimPass::runOnOperation() {
   func::FuncOp funcOp = *entryFunc;
   if (failed(verifyScheduledSpatialInvariants(funcOp))) {
     funcOp.emitOpError(
-      "RAPTOR_PHASE_CHECK scheduled Spatial verification failed at the start of SpatialToPim");
+      "scheduled Spatial verification failed at the start of SpatialToPim");
     signalPassFailure();
     return;
   }
@@ -362,7 +254,6 @@ void onnx_mlir::raptor::SpatialToPimPass::runOnOperation() {
 }
 
 LogicalResult raptor::SpatialToPimPass::enlargeVMMOutTensorsToCrossbarSize(func::FuncOp funcOp, IRRewriter& rewriter) {
-  OperationFolder constantFolder(funcOp.getContext());
   bool hasFailure = false;
   funcOp.walk([&](PimVMMOp vmmOp) {
     auto outputType = cast<RankedTensorType>(vmmOp.getOutput().getType());
@@ -371,7 +262,7 @@ LogicalResult raptor::SpatialToPimPass::enlargeVMMOutTensorsToCrossbarSize(func:
     assert(outputShape[1] <= static_cast<int64_t>(crossbarSize) && "output width must fit in one crossbar");
 
     rewriter.setInsertionPoint(vmmOp);
-    auto paddedInput = padHVectorInputToCrossbarSize(rewriter, vmmOp.getLoc(), vmmOp.getInput(), constantFolder);
+    auto paddedInput = padHVectorInputToCrossbarSize(rewriter, vmmOp.getLoc(), vmmOp.getInput());
     if (failed(paddedInput)) {
       hasFailure = true;
       return WalkResult::interrupt();

src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/SpatialToPimPass.hpp

@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ private:
   using OutputTensorFactory = std::function<mlir::Value(mlir::IRRewriter& rewriter, mlir::Location loc)>;
 
   llvm::SmallVector<OutputTensorFactory> outputTensors;
-  size_t coreId = 0;
   llvm::SmallVector<mlir::Operation*> operationsToRemove;
 
   mlir::LogicalResult allocateAndInitializeCoreLocalVariables(mlir::func::FuncOp funcOp, mlir::IRRewriter& rewriter);

src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/Common.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,23 @@
 #include "Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/Common.hpp"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/CheckedArithmetic.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.hpp"
 
 using namespace mlir;
 
+static SmallVector<Region *> getSelectionRegions(OpResult result) {
+  SmallVector<Region *> regions;
+  if (auto selection = dyn_cast<scf::IndexSwitchOp>(result.getOwner()))
+    for (Region &region : selection->getRegions())
+      regions.push_back(&region);
+  else if (auto selection = dyn_cast<scf::IfOp>(result.getOwner())) {
+    regions.push_back(&selection.getThenRegion());
+    regions.push_back(&selection.getElseRegion());
+  }
+  return regions;
+}
+
 static bool isCoreBatchInputArgument(Value value) {
   auto blockArg = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(value);
   if (!blockArg)
@@ -92,20 +105,46 @@ FailureOr<Value> onnx_mlir::pim::getPimAddressBase(Value value, const StaticValu
 }
 
 bool onnx_mlir::pim::isHostBackedPimAddress(Value value, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) {
-  auto base = getPimStorageBase(value, knowledge);
-  if (failed(base))
+  llvm::SmallPtrSet<Value, 8> visited;
+  std::function<bool(Value)> isHost = [&](Value current) {
+    auto base = getPimStorageBase(current, knowledge);
+    if (failed(base) || !visited.insert(*base).second)
       return false;
-
-  if (isCoreBatchInputArgument(*base))
-    return true;
-
-  return isa_and_nonnull<memref::GetGlobalOp>(base->getDefiningOp());
+    bool resultIsHost = isCoreBatchInputArgument(*base)
+                        || isa_and_nonnull<memref::GetGlobalOp>(base->getDefiningOp());
+    auto result = dyn_cast<OpResult>(*base);
+    SmallVector<Region *> regions = result ? getSelectionRegions(result)
+                                          : SmallVector<Region *>();
+    if (!resultIsHost && !regions.empty())
+      resultIsHost = llvm::all_of(regions, [&](Region *region) {
+        auto yield = dyn_cast<scf::YieldOp>(region->front().getTerminator());
+        return yield && result.getResultNumber() < yield.getNumOperands()
+               && isHost(yield.getOperand(result.getResultNumber()));
+      });
+    visited.erase(*base);
+    return resultIsHost;
+  };
+  return isHost(value);
 }
 
 bool onnx_mlir::pim::isDeviceLocalPimAddress(Value value, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) {
-  auto base = getPimStorageBase(value, knowledge);
-  if (failed(base))
+  llvm::SmallPtrSet<Value, 8> visited;
+  std::function<bool(Value)> isDevice = [&](Value current) {
+    auto base = getPimStorageBase(current, knowledge);
+    if (failed(base) || !visited.insert(*base).second)
       return false;
-
-  return isa_and_nonnull<memref::AllocOp>(base->getDefiningOp());
+    bool resultIsDevice = isa_and_nonnull<memref::AllocOp>(base->getDefiningOp());
+    auto result = dyn_cast<OpResult>(*base);
+    SmallVector<Region *> regions = result ? getSelectionRegions(result)
+                                          : SmallVector<Region *>();
+    if (!resultIsDevice && !regions.empty())
+      resultIsDevice = llvm::all_of(regions, [&](Region *region) {
+        auto yield = dyn_cast<scf::YieldOp>(region->front().getTerminator());
+        return yield && result.getResultNumber() < yield.getNumOperands()
+               && isDevice(yield.getOperand(result.getResultNumber()));
+      });
+    visited.erase(*base);
+    return resultIsDevice;
+  };
+  return isDevice(value);
 }

src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/ContiguityPatterns.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 #include "mlir/Dialect/MemRef/IR/MemRef.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
 
+#include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h"
+
 #include "ContiguityPatterns.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/LoopUtils.hpp"
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@ struct CopyEndpointPlan {
 
 struct CopyLoopPlan {
   SmallVector<int64_t> outerShape;
+  int64_t outerElements = 0;
   int64_t chunkBytes = 0;
   ByteOffsetExpr targetBaseOffset;
   ByteOffsetExpr sourceBaseOffset;
@@ -74,6 +77,24 @@ static void appendTerm(ByteOffsetExpr& expr, Value value, int64_t scale) {
     expr.terms.push_back(ByteOffsetTerm {value, scale});
 }
 
+static FailureOr<int64_t> checkedPositiveMul(int64_t lhs, int64_t rhs) {
+  int64_t result = 0;
+  if (lhs < 0 || rhs < 0 || llvm::MulOverflow(lhs, rhs, result))
+    return failure();
+  return result;
+}
+
+static FailureOr<int64_t> checkedPositiveProduct(ArrayRef<int64_t> values) {
+  int64_t result = 1;
+  for (int64_t value : values) {
+    auto product = checkedPositiveMul(result, value);
+    if (failed(product))
+      return failure();
+    result = *product;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
 static FailureOr<SmallVector<int64_t>> getStaticMemRefStrides(MemRefType type) {
   SmallVector<int64_t> strides;
   int64_t offset = 0;
@@ -84,6 +105,165 @@ static FailureOr<SmallVector<int64_t>> getStaticMemRefStrides(MemRefType type) {
   return strides;
 }
 
+static FailureOr<SmallVector<int64_t>> getProvenMemRefStrides(Value value) {
+  llvm::SmallPtrSet<Value, 8> visiting;
+  std::function<FailureOr<SmallVector<int64_t>>(Value)> prove =
+    [&](Value current) -> FailureOr<SmallVector<int64_t>> {
+      auto type = dyn_cast<MemRefType>(current.getType());
+      if (!type || !visiting.insert(current).second)
+        return failure();
+      if (auto strides = getStaticMemRefStrides(type); succeeded(strides)) {
+        visiting.erase(current);
+        return strides;
+      }
+      if (auto castOp = current.getDefiningOp<memref::CastOp>()) {
+        auto strides = prove(castOp.getSource());
+        visiting.erase(current);
+        return strides;
+      }
+      if (auto subview = current.getDefiningOp<memref::SubViewOp>()) {
+        auto sourceStrides = prove(subview.getSource());
+        if (failed(sourceStrides) || subview.getSourceType().getRank() != subview.getType().getRank()) {
+          visiting.erase(current);
+          return failure();
+        }
+        SmallVector<int64_t> strides;
+        for (auto [sourceStride, viewStride] :
+             llvm::zip_equal(*sourceStrides, subview.getStaticStrides())) {
+          if (ShapedType::isDynamic(viewStride) || viewStride < 0) {
+            visiting.erase(current);
+            return failure();
+          }
+          auto stride = checkedPositiveMul(sourceStride, viewStride);
+          if (failed(stride)) {
+            visiting.erase(current);
+            return failure();
+          }
+          strides.push_back(*stride);
+        }
+        visiting.erase(current);
+        return strides;
+      }
+      if (auto expand = current.getDefiningOp<memref::ExpandShapeOp>()) {
+        auto sourceStrides = prove(expand.getSrc());
+        auto resultType = dyn_cast<MemRefType>(expand.getResult().getType());
+        auto sourceType = dyn_cast<MemRefType>(expand.getSrc().getType());
+        if (failed(sourceStrides) || !sourceType || !resultType
+            || !resultType.hasStaticShape()
+            || sourceStrides->size() != static_cast<size_t>(sourceType.getRank())
+            || llvm::any_of(resultType.getShape(), [](int64_t dim) {
+                 return dim <= 0;
+               })) {
+          visiting.erase(current);
+          return failure();
+        }
+        SmallVector<int64_t> strides(resultType.getRank());
+        SmallVector<bool> assigned(resultType.getRank(), false);
+        for (auto [sourceDim, group] :
+             llvm::enumerate(expand.getReassociationIndices())) {
+          if (sourceDim >= sourceStrides->size() || group.empty()) {
+            visiting.erase(current);
+            return failure();
+          }
+          int64_t stride = (*sourceStrides)[sourceDim];
+          for (int64_t resultDim : llvm::reverse(group)) {
+            if (resultDim < 0 || resultDim >= resultType.getRank()
+                || assigned[resultDim]) {
+              visiting.erase(current);
+              return failure();
+            }
+            strides[resultDim] = stride;
+            assigned[resultDim] = true;
+            auto nextStride = checkedPositiveMul(
+              stride, resultType.getDimSize(resultDim));
+            if (failed(nextStride)) {
+              visiting.erase(current);
+              return failure();
+            }
+            stride = *nextStride;
+          }
+        }
+        if (llvm::is_contained(assigned, false)) {
+          visiting.erase(current);
+          return failure();
+        }
+        visiting.erase(current);
+        return strides;
+      }
+      if (auto collapse = current.getDefiningOp<memref::CollapseShapeOp>()) {
+        auto sourceStrides = prove(collapse.getSrc());
+        auto sourceType = dyn_cast<MemRefType>(collapse.getSrc().getType());
+        if (failed(sourceStrides) || !sourceType
+            || !sourceType.hasStaticShape()
+            || sourceStrides->size() != static_cast<size_t>(sourceType.getRank())) {
+          visiting.erase(current);
+          return failure();
+        }
+        SmallVector<int64_t> strides;
+        for (ArrayRef<int64_t> group : collapse.getReassociationIndices()) {
+          if (group.empty()) {
+            visiting.erase(current);
+            return failure();
+          }
+          for (int64_t dim : group)
+            if (dim < 0 || dim >= sourceType.getRank()
+                || sourceType.getDimSize(dim) <= 0
+                || (*sourceStrides)[dim] < 0) {
+              visiting.erase(current);
+              return failure();
+            }
+          for (auto pair : llvm::zip(group.drop_back(), group.drop_front())) {
+            int64_t outer = std::get<0>(pair);
+            int64_t inner = std::get<1>(pair);
+            auto expectedOuterStride = checkedPositiveMul(
+              (*sourceStrides)[inner], sourceType.getDimSize(inner));
+            if (failed(expectedOuterStride)
+                || (*sourceStrides)[outer] != *expectedOuterStride) {
+              visiting.erase(current);
+              return failure();
+            }
+          }
+          strides.push_back((*sourceStrides)[group.back()]);
+        }
+        visiting.erase(current);
+        return strides;
+      }
+      auto result = dyn_cast<OpResult>(current);
+      SmallVector<Region *> regions;
+      if (result) {
+        if (auto selection = dyn_cast<scf::IndexSwitchOp>(result.getOwner()))
+          for (Region &region : selection->getRegions())
+            regions.push_back(&region);
+        else if (auto selection = dyn_cast<scf::IfOp>(result.getOwner())) {
+          regions.push_back(&selection.getThenRegion());
+          regions.push_back(&selection.getElseRegion());
+        }
+      }
+      if (regions.empty()) {
+        visiting.erase(current);
+        return failure();
+      }
+      std::optional<SmallVector<int64_t>> common;
+      for (Region *region : regions) {
+        auto yield = dyn_cast<scf::YieldOp>(region->front().getTerminator());
+        if (!yield || result.getResultNumber() >= yield.getNumOperands()) {
+          visiting.erase(current);
+          return failure();
+        }
+        auto strides = prove(yield.getOperand(result.getResultNumber()));
+        if (failed(strides) || (common && *common != *strides)) {
+          visiting.erase(current);
+          return failure();
+        }
+        common = std::move(*strides);
+      }
+      visiting.erase(current);
+      return common ? FailureOr<SmallVector<int64_t>>(std::move(*common))
+                    : FailureOr<SmallVector<int64_t>>(failure());
+    };
+  return prove(value);
+}
+
 static FailureOr<int64_t> getShapedByteSize(MemRefType type) {
   if (!type.hasStaticShape() || !hasByteSizedElementType(type.getElementType()))
     return failure();
@@ -119,12 +299,15 @@ inferLogicalCopyShape(MemRefType targetType, MemRefType sourceType, int64_t size
   return failure();
 }
 
-static FailureOr<int64_t> getContiguousSuffixRank(MemRefType type, ArrayRef<int64_t> copyShape) {
-  if (!type.hasStaticShape() || !hasByteSizedElementType(type.getElementType())
+static FailureOr<int64_t> getContiguousSuffixRank(Value value, ArrayRef<int64_t> copyShape) {
+  auto type = dyn_cast<MemRefType>(value.getType());
+  if (!type || !type.hasStaticShape() || !hasByteSizedElementType(type.getElementType())
       || type.getRank() != static_cast<int64_t>(copyShape.size()))
     return failure();
+  if (llvm::any_of(copyShape, [](int64_t dim) { return dim <= 0; }))
+    return failure();
 
-  auto strides = getStaticMemRefStrides(type);
+  auto strides = getProvenMemRefStrides(value);
   if (failed(strides))
     return failure();
 
@@ -134,7 +317,10 @@ static FailureOr<int64_t> getContiguousSuffixRank(MemRefType type, ArrayRef<int6
     if ((*strides)[dim] != expectedStride)
       break;
     ++contiguousSuffixRank;
-    expectedStride *= copyShape[dim];
+    auto nextStride = checkedPositiveMul(expectedStride, copyShape[dim]);
+    if (failed(nextStride))
+      return failure();
+    expectedStride = *nextStride;
   }
   return contiguousSuffixRank;
 }
@@ -174,18 +360,25 @@ static FailureOr<CopyEndpointPlan> analyzeCopyEndpoint(Value value, Value initia
     if (!sourceType || !sourceType.hasStaticShape() || !hasByteSizedElementType(sourceType.getElementType()))
       return failure();
 
-    auto sourceStrides = getStaticMemRefStrides(sourceType);
+    auto sourceStrides = getProvenMemRefStrides(subviewOp.getSource());
     if (failed(sourceStrides))
       return failure();
 
     int64_t elementByteWidth = static_cast<int64_t>(getElementTypeSizeInBytes(sourceType.getElementType()));
     for (auto [offset, stride] : llvm::zip_equal(subviewOp.getMixedOffsets(), *sourceStrides)) {
-      int64_t byteScale = stride * elementByteWidth;
+      auto byteScale = checkedPositiveMul(stride, elementByteWidth);
+      if (failed(byteScale))
+        return failure();
       if (auto attr = dyn_cast<Attribute>(offset)) {
-        endpoint.offset.constant += cast<IntegerAttr>(attr).getInt() * byteScale;
+        auto constantOffset = checkedPositiveMul(
+          cast<IntegerAttr>(attr).getInt(), *byteScale);
+        if (failed(constantOffset)
+            || llvm::AddOverflow(endpoint.offset.constant, *constantOffset,
+                                 endpoint.offset.constant))
+          return failure();
         continue;
       }
-      appendTerm(endpoint.offset, cast<Value>(offset), byteScale);
+      appendTerm(endpoint.offset, cast<Value>(offset), *byteScale);
     }
 
     endpoint.base = subviewOp.getSource();
@@ -204,17 +397,34 @@ analyzeCopyRewrite(Value target, Value source, Value targetOffset, Value sourceO
   if (!targetType || !sourceType || size <= 0)
     return failure();
 
-  auto logicalCopyShape = inferLogicalCopyShape(targetType, sourceType, size);
-  if (failed(logicalCopyShape))
-    return failure();
-
   auto targetPlan = analyzeCopyEndpoint(target, targetOffset, targetType);
   auto sourcePlan = analyzeCopyEndpoint(source, sourceOffset, sourceType);
   if (failed(targetPlan) || failed(sourcePlan))
     return failure();
 
-  auto targetSuffixRank = getContiguousSuffixRank(targetType, *logicalCopyShape);
-  auto sourceSuffixRank = getContiguousSuffixRank(sourceType, *logicalCopyShape);
+  auto targetBytes = getShapedByteSize(targetType);
+  auto sourceBytes = getShapedByteSize(sourceType);
+  if (targetType.getElementType() == sourceType.getElementType() && succeeded(targetBytes) && succeeded(sourceBytes)
+      && *targetBytes == size && *sourceBytes == size) {
+    auto targetSuffixRank = getContiguousSuffixRank(target, targetType.getShape());
+    auto sourceSuffixRank = getContiguousSuffixRank(source, sourceType.getShape());
+    if (succeeded(targetSuffixRank) && succeeded(sourceSuffixRank)
+        && *targetSuffixRank == targetType.getRank() && *sourceSuffixRank == sourceType.getRank()) {
+      CopyRewritePlan plan;
+      plan.kind = CopyRewritePlan::Kind::Direct;
+      plan.target = *targetPlan;
+      plan.source = *sourcePlan;
+      plan.directBytes = size;
+      return plan;
+    }
+  }
+
+  auto logicalCopyShape = inferLogicalCopyShape(targetType, sourceType, size);
+  if (failed(logicalCopyShape))
+    return failure();
+
+  auto targetSuffixRank = getContiguousSuffixRank(target, *logicalCopyShape);
+  auto sourceSuffixRank = getContiguousSuffixRank(source, *logicalCopyShape);
   if (failed(targetSuffixRank) || failed(sourceSuffixRank))
     return failure();
 
@@ -229,8 +439,8 @@ analyzeCopyRewrite(Value target, Value source, Value targetOffset, Value sourceO
     return plan;
   }
 
-  auto targetStrides = getStaticMemRefStrides(targetType);
-  auto sourceStrides = getStaticMemRefStrides(sourceType);
+  auto targetStrides = getProvenMemRefStrides(target);
+  auto sourceStrides = getProvenMemRefStrides(source);
   if (failed(targetStrides) || failed(sourceStrides))
     return failure();
 
@@ -240,11 +450,27 @@ analyzeCopyRewrite(Value target, Value source, Value targetOffset, Value sourceO
   plan.loop.sourceBaseOffset = plan.source.offset;
   plan.loop.outerShape.assign(logicalCopyShape->begin(), logicalCopyShape->end() - contiguousSuffixRank);
   SmallVector<int64_t> chunkShape(logicalCopyShape->end() - contiguousSuffixRank, logicalCopyShape->end());
-  plan.loop.chunkBytes = getNumElements(chunkShape) * elementByteWidth;
-  for (int64_t stride : ArrayRef<int64_t>(*targetStrides).take_front(plan.loop.outerShape.size()))
-    plan.loop.targetOuterByteStrides.push_back(stride * elementByteWidth);
-  for (int64_t stride : ArrayRef<int64_t>(*sourceStrides).take_front(plan.loop.outerShape.size()))
-    plan.loop.sourceOuterByteStrides.push_back(stride * elementByteWidth);
+  auto outerElements = checkedPositiveProduct(plan.loop.outerShape);
+  auto chunkElements = checkedPositiveProduct(chunkShape);
+  auto chunkBytes = failed(chunkElements)
+                      ? FailureOr<int64_t>(failure())
+                      : checkedPositiveMul(*chunkElements, elementByteWidth);
+  if (failed(outerElements) || failed(chunkBytes))
+    return failure();
+  plan.loop.outerElements = *outerElements;
+  plan.loop.chunkBytes = *chunkBytes;
+  for (int64_t stride : ArrayRef<int64_t>(*targetStrides).take_front(plan.loop.outerShape.size())) {
+    auto byteStride = checkedPositiveMul(stride, elementByteWidth);
+    if (failed(byteStride))
+      return failure();
+    plan.loop.targetOuterByteStrides.push_back(*byteStride);
+  }
+  for (int64_t stride : ArrayRef<int64_t>(*sourceStrides).take_front(plan.loop.outerShape.size())) {
+    auto byteStride = checkedPositiveMul(stride, elementByteWidth);
+    if (failed(byteStride))
+      return failure();
+    plan.loop.sourceOuterByteStrides.push_back(*byteStride);
+  }
   if (plan.loop.chunkBytes <= 0)
     return failure();
   return plan;
@@ -344,7 +570,7 @@ static LogicalResult rewriteCopyLikeOp(CopyOp copyOp,
   }
 
   Value c0 = createIndexConstant(rewriter, anchorOp, 0);
-  Value cUpper = createIndexConstant(rewriter, anchorOp, getNumElements(plan->loop.outerShape));
+  Value cUpper = createIndexConstant(rewriter, anchorOp, plan->loop.outerElements);
   Value cStep = createIndexConstant(rewriter, anchorOp, 1);
   auto loop = buildNormalizedScfFor(
     rewriter,

src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/PimBufferizationPass.cpp

@@ -302,57 +302,60 @@ void PimBufferizationPass::annotateWeightsMemrefs(ModuleOp moduleOp, func::FuncO
 
 LogicalResult PimBufferizationPass::verifyContiguousRuntimeOperands(ModuleOp moduleOp) const {
   bool hasFailure = false;
-  moduleOp.walk([&](Operation* op) {
+
+  auto verifyWithKnowledge = [&](auto coreLikeOp, const StaticValueKnowledge& initialKnowledge) {
+    (void) walkPimCoreBlockStructurally(
+      coreLikeOp.getBody().front(), initialKnowledge, [&](Operation& op, const StaticValueKnowledge& knowledge) {
         auto verifyOperand = [&](Value operand, unsigned operandIndex) {
           if (!isa<BaseMemRefType>(operand.getType()))
             return;
-      if (succeeded(resolveContiguousAddress(operand)) || succeeded(compileContiguousAddressExpr(operand)))
+          if (succeeded(resolveContiguousAddress(operand, knowledge)) || succeeded(compileContiguousAddressExpr(operand)))
             return;
-      op->emitOpError() << "operand #" << operandIndex
+          op.emitOpError() << "operand #" << operandIndex
                            << " is not backed by contiguous addressable storage after PIM bufferization";
           hasFailure = true;
         };
 
-    if (auto memCopyOp = dyn_cast<PimMemCopyOp>(op)) {
+        if (auto memCopyOp = dyn_cast<PimMemCopyOp>(&op)) {
           if (!pim::isNormalizedCopyOp(memCopyOp)) {
             memCopyOp.emitOpError("must use base memref operands plus explicit byte offsets after bufferization");
             hasFailure = true;
           }
           verifyOperand(memCopyOp.getTarget(), 0);
           verifyOperand(memCopyOp.getSource(), 1);
-      return;
+          return success();
         }
-    if (auto loadOp = dyn_cast<PimMemCopyHostToDevOp>(op)) {
+        if (auto loadOp = dyn_cast<PimMemCopyHostToDevOp>(&op)) {
           if (!pim::isNormalizedCopyOp(loadOp)) {
             loadOp.emitOpError("must use base memref operands plus explicit byte offsets after bufferization");
             hasFailure = true;
           }
           verifyOperand(loadOp.getDeviceTarget(), 2);
           verifyOperand(loadOp.getHostSource(), 3);
-      return;
+          return success();
         }
-    if (auto storeOp = dyn_cast<PimMemCopyDevToHostOp>(op)) {
+        if (auto storeOp = dyn_cast<PimMemCopyDevToHostOp>(&op)) {
           if (!pim::isNormalizedCopyOp(storeOp)) {
             storeOp.emitOpError("must use base memref operands plus explicit byte offsets after bufferization");
             hasFailure = true;
           }
           verifyOperand(storeOp.getHostTarget(), 2);
           verifyOperand(storeOp.getDeviceSource(), 3);
-      return;
+          return success();
         }
-    if (auto sendOp = dyn_cast<PimSendOp>(op)) {
+        if (auto sendOp = dyn_cast<PimSendOp>(&op)) {
           verifyOperand(sendOp.getInput(), 0);
-      return;
+          return success();
         }
-    if (auto receiveOp = dyn_cast<PimReceiveOp>(op)) {
+        if (auto receiveOp = dyn_cast<PimReceiveOp>(&op)) {
           verifyOperand(receiveOp.getOutputBuffer(), 0);
-      return;
+          return success();
         }
-    if (auto concatOp = dyn_cast<PimConcatOp>(op)) {
+        if (auto concatOp = dyn_cast<PimConcatOp>(&op)) {
           verifyOperand(concatOp.getOutputBuffer(), 0);
           for (auto inputAndIndex : llvm::enumerate(concatOp.getInputs()))
             verifyOperand(inputAndIndex.value(), inputAndIndex.index() + 1);
-      return;
+          return success();
         }
         if (isa<PimTransposeOp,
                 PimVMMOp,
@@ -365,13 +368,21 @@ LogicalResult PimBufferizationPass::verifyContiguousRuntimeOperands(ModuleOp mod
                 PimVReluOp,
                 PimVTanhOp,
                 PimVSigmOp,
-            PimVSoftmaxOp>(op)) {
-      for (auto operandAndIndex : llvm::enumerate(op->getOperands())) {
-        if (auto vmmOp = dyn_cast<PimVMMOp>(op); vmmOp && operandAndIndex.index() == 0)
+                PimVSoftmaxOp>(&op)) {
+          for (auto operandAndIndex : llvm::enumerate(op.getOperands())) {
+            if (auto vmmOp = dyn_cast<PimVMMOp>(&op); vmmOp && operandAndIndex.index() == 0)
               continue;
             verifyOperand(operandAndIndex.value(), operandAndIndex.index());
           }
         }
+        return success();
+      });
+  };
+
+  moduleOp.walk([&](pim::PimCoreOp coreOp) { verifyWithKnowledge(coreOp, seedCoreKnowledge(coreOp)); });
+  moduleOp.walk([&](pim::PimCoreBatchOp coreBatchOp) {
+    StaticValueKnowledge knowledge = seedCoreBatchKnowledge(coreBatchOp, 0);
+    verifyWithKnowledge(coreBatchOp, knowledge);
   });
 
   if (hasFailure) {

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -7,10 +7,17 @@ add_pim_library(SpatialOps
   SpatialOpsVerify.cpp
   SpatialOpsCanonicalization.cpp
   ${PIM_SRC_ROOT}/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/CompileTime.cpp
-  Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/MergeComputeNodesPass.cpp
-  Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/MaterializeMergeSchedule.cpp
   Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/Scheduling/ComputeGraph.cpp
   Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/Scheduling/ComputeInstanceUtils.cpp
+  Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/DeferredCommunicationPlanning.cpp
+  Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/DeferredProjectionAnalysis.cpp
+  Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/DeferredCommunicationDeadlock.cpp
+  Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/DeferredCommunicationRealization.cpp
+  Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/MergeComputeNodesPass.cpp
+  Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/ScheduledComputeMaterialization.cpp
+  Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/ScheduledComputeReport.cpp
+  Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/ScheduledComputeVerification.cpp
+  Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/SpatialDataflowCsvExporter.cpp
   Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/Scheduling/MergeSchedulingAnalysis.cpp
   Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/Scheduling/PeftScheduler.cpp
 

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Spatial.td

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ include "mlir/IR/OpAsmInterface.td"
 include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.td"
 include "mlir/IR/AttrTypeBase.td"
 include "mlir/IR/RegionKindInterface.td"
+include "mlir/Interfaces/ControlFlowInterfaces.td"
 include "mlir/Interfaces/ParallelCombiningOpInterface.td"
 include "mlir/Interfaces/SideEffectInterfaces.td"
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ def SpatTensor :
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 class SpatComputeLikeBase<string mnemonic> : SpatOp<mnemonic,
-    [SingleBlock, AttrSizedOperandSegments,
+    [AttrSizedOperandSegments,
      DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<OpAsmOpInterface, ["getAsmBlockArgumentNames"]>]> {
   let summary = "Compute region with attached constant weights";
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ class SpatComputeLikeBase<string mnemonic> : SpatOp<mnemonic,
     Variadic<SpatTensor>:$outputs
   );
 
-  let regions = (region SizedRegion<1>:$body);
+  let regions = (region MinSizedRegion<1>:$body);
 
   let hasVerifier = 1;
   let hasFolder = 1;
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ def SpatScheduledCompute : SpatComputeLikeBase<"scheduled_compute"> {
 }
 
 class SpatComputeBatchLikeBase<string mnemonic> : SpatOp<mnemonic,
-    [SingleBlock, AttrSizedOperandSegments,
+    [AttrSizedOperandSegments,
      DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<OpAsmOpInterface, ["getAsmBlockArgumentNames"]>]> {
   let summary = "Tensor-native batch of equivalent compute lanes with shared weights and packed inputs";
 
@@ -90,13 +91,14 @@ class SpatComputeBatchLikeBase<string mnemonic> : SpatOp<mnemonic,
     Variadic<SpatTensor>:$outputs
   );
 
-  let regions = (region SizedRegion<1>:$body);
+  let regions = (region MinSizedRegion<1>:$body);
 
   let hasVerifier = 1;
   let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
 }
 
 def SpatGraphComputeBatch : SpatComputeBatchLikeBase<"graph_compute_batch"> {
+  let hasCanonicalizer = 1;
   let extraClassDeclaration = [{
     std::optional<::mlir::BlockArgument> getLaneArgument();
     std::optional<::mlir::BlockArgument> getWeightArgument(unsigned idx);
@@ -113,6 +115,7 @@ def SpatGraphComputeBatch : SpatComputeBatchLikeBase<"graph_compute_batch"> {
 }
 
 def SpatScheduledComputeBatch : SpatComputeBatchLikeBase<"scheduled_compute_batch"> {
+  let hasCanonicalizer = 1;
   let extraClassDeclaration = [{
     std::optional<::mlir::BlockArgument> getLaneArgument();
     std::optional<::mlir::BlockArgument> getWeightArgument(unsigned idx);
@@ -161,6 +164,41 @@ def SpatYieldOp : SpatOp<"yield", [Terminator]> {
   let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
 }
 
+def SpatBlockYieldOp : SpatOp<"block_yield", [
+    Terminator,
+    DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<BranchOpInterface, ["getSuccessorForOperands"]>
+  ]> {
+  let summary = "Terminate a scheduled structural compute block";
+
+  let arguments = (ins
+    Variadic<AnyType>:$outputs
+  );
+
+  let successors = (successor
+    VariadicSuccessor<AnySuccessor>:$next
+  );
+
+  let hasVerifier = 1;
+  let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
+}
+
+def SpatDeferredCommunicationOp : SpatOp<"deferred_communication", [SingleBlock]> {
+  let summary = "Temporary scheduled payload derivation placeholder";
+
+  let arguments = (ins
+    Variadic<SpatTensor>:$sources
+  );
+
+  let results = (outs
+    SpatTensor:$output
+  );
+
+  let regions = (region SizedRegion<1>:$body);
+
+  let hasVerifier = 1;
+  let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
+}
+
 def SpatExtractRowsOp : SpatOp<"extract_rows", []> {
   let summary = "Extract every row of a rank-2 tensor as separate rank-2 row tensors";
 
@@ -232,8 +270,24 @@ def SpatReluPlanOp : SpatOp<"relu_plan", []> {
   let hasVerifier = 1;
 }
 
-def SpatReconciliatorOp : SpatOp<"reconciliator", []> {
-  let summary = "Logical-to-physical layout record or explicit fragment assembly";
+def SpatBiasAddPlanOp : SpatOp<"bias_add_plan", []> {
+  let summary = "Layout-aware Conv-style bias add planning op";
+
+  let arguments = (ins
+    SpatTensor:$input,
+    SpatTensor:$bias,
+    StrAttr:$logicalLayout
+  );
+
+  let results = (outs
+    SpatTensor:$output
+  );
+
+  let hasVerifier = 1;
+}
+
+def SpatBlueprintOp : SpatOp<"blueprint", []> {
+  let summary = "Blueprint for assembling logical tensors from published fragments";
 
   let arguments = (ins
     SpatTensor:$input,
@@ -245,6 +299,8 @@ def SpatReconciliatorOp : SpatOp<"reconciliator", []> {
     StrAttr:$indexMap,
     OptionalAttr<StrAttr>:$mode,
     OptionalAttr<DenseI64ArrayAttr>:$fragmentOperandIndices,
+    OptionalAttr<DenseI64ArrayAttr>:$fragmentSourceSlots,
+    OptionalAttr<DenseI64ArrayAttr>:$fragmentSourceOffsets,
     OptionalAttr<DenseI64ArrayAttr>:$fragmentStrides,
     OptionalAttr<StrAttr>:$conflictPolicy,
     OptionalAttr<StrAttr>:$coveragePolicy
@@ -255,6 +311,7 @@ def SpatReconciliatorOp : SpatOp<"reconciliator", []> {
   );
 
   let hasVerifier = 1;
+  let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
 }
 
 def SpatMaterializeLayoutOp : SpatOp<"materialize_layout", []> {

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,18 @@ using namespace mlir;
 
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 namespace spatial {
+
+RankedTensorType getGraphBatchPhysicalResultType(int64_t laneCount, RankedTensorType fragmentType) {
+  SmallVector<int64_t> shape {laneCount};
+  llvm::append_range(shape, fragmentType.getShape());
+  return RankedTensorType::get(shape, fragmentType.getElementType(), fragmentType.getEncoding());
+}
+
+FailureOr<RankedTensorType> getGraphBatchFragmentType(RankedTensorType physicalType, int64_t expectedLaneCount) {
+  if (!physicalType || physicalType.getRank() < 1 || physicalType.getDimSize(0) != expectedLaneCount)
+    return failure();
+  return RankedTensorType::get(physicalType.getShape().drop_front(), physicalType.getElementType(), physicalType.getEncoding());
+}
 namespace {
 
 std::optional<BlockArgument> getBlockArgument(Region& body, unsigned argIdx) {
@@ -238,6 +250,15 @@ void SpatScheduledCompute::getAsmBlockArgumentNames(Region& region, OpAsmSetValu
   setComputeAsmBlockArgumentNames(*this, region, setNameFn);
 }
 
+SuccessorOperands SpatBlockYieldOp::getSuccessorOperands(unsigned index) {
+  assert(index == 0 && "invalid successor index");
+  return SuccessorOperands(getOutputsMutable());
+}
+
+Block* SpatBlockYieldOp::getSuccessorForOperands(ArrayRef<Attribute>) {
+  return getOperation()->getNumSuccessors() == 0 ? nullptr : getOperation()->getSuccessor(0);
+}
+
 std::optional<BlockArgument> SpatGraphComputeBatch::getLaneArgument() { return getBlockArgument(getBody(), 0); }
 std::optional<BlockArgument> SpatGraphComputeBatch::getWeightArgument(unsigned idx) {
   return getBlockArgument(getBody(), 1 + idx);

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp

@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 namespace spatial {
 
+mlir::RankedTensorType getGraphBatchPhysicalResultType(int64_t laneCount, mlir::RankedTensorType fragmentType);
+mlir::FailureOr<mlir::RankedTensorType>
+getGraphBatchFragmentType(mlir::RankedTensorType physicalType, int64_t expectedLaneCount);
+
 bool isGraphComputeLike(mlir::Operation* op);
 bool isGraphBatchComputeLike(mlir::Operation* op);
 bool isScheduledComputeLike(mlir::Operation* op);

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOpsAsm.cpp

@@ -32,6 +32,14 @@ static IntegerAttr getI32Attr(OpAsmParser& parser, int32_t value) {
   return parser.getBuilder().getI32IntegerAttr(value);
 }
 
+static ParseResult parseBareStringAttr(OpAsmParser& parser, StringAttr& attr) {
+  StringRef value;
+  if (parser.parseKeyword(&value))
+    return failure();
+  attr = parser.getBuilder().getStringAttr(value);
+  return success();
+}
+
 static void printBlockArgumentList(OpAsmPrinter& printer, ArrayRef<BlockArgument> arguments) {
   printer << "(";
   for (auto [index, argument] : llvm::enumerate(arguments)) {
@@ -152,7 +160,7 @@ void printComputeLikeOp(ComputeOpTy op, OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
   printer << " -> ";
   printCompressedTypeSequence(printer, op.getResultTypes());
   printer << " ";
-  printer.printRegion(op.getBody(), /*printEntryBlockArgs=*/false);
+  printer.printRegion(op.getBody(), /*printEntryBlockArgs=*/!op.getBody().hasOneBlock());
 }
 
 template <typename ComputeOpTy>
@@ -282,7 +290,7 @@ void printComputeBatchLikeOp(ComputeBatchOpTy op, OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
   printer << " -> ";
   printCompressedTypeSequence(printer, op.getResultTypes());
   printer << " ";
-  printer.printRegion(op.getBody(), /*printEntryBlockArgs=*/false);
+  printer.printRegion(op.getBody(), /*printEntryBlockArgs=*/!op.getBody().hasOneBlock());
 }
 
 template <typename ComputeBatchOpTy>
@@ -399,6 +407,89 @@ ParseResult SpatYieldOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
   return parser.resolveOperands(outputs, outputTypes, parser.getCurrentLocation(), result.operands);
 }
 
+void SpatBlockYieldOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
+  printer << " ";
+  printCompressedValueSequence(printer, getOutputs());
+  if (getOperation()->getNumSuccessors() != 0) {
+    printer << " next ";
+    printer.printSuccessor(getOperation()->getSuccessor(0));
+  }
+  printer.printOptionalAttrDict((*this)->getAttrs());
+  printer << " : ";
+  printCompressedTypeSequence(printer, getOutputs().getTypes());
+}
+
+ParseResult SpatBlockYieldOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
+  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand> outputs;
+  SmallVector<Type> outputTypes;
+  Block* successor = nullptr;
+
+  OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand firstOutput;
+  OptionalParseResult firstOutputResult = parser.parseOptionalOperand(firstOutput);
+  if (firstOutputResult.has_value()) {
+    if (failed(*firstOutputResult))
+      return failure();
+    if (parseCompressedOperandEntryWithFirst(parser, firstOutput, outputs))
+      return failure();
+    while (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalComma()))
+      if (parseOneCompressedOperandEntry(parser, outputs))
+        return failure();
+  }
+
+  if (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword("next")) && parser.parseSuccessor(successor))
+    return failure();
+
+  if (parser.parseOptionalAttrDict(result.attributes) || parser.parseColon()
+      || parseCompressedTypeSequence(parser, outputTypes, /*allowEmpty=*/true))
+    return failure();
+
+  if (outputs.size() != outputTypes.size())
+    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of outputs and output types must match");
+  if (parser.resolveOperands(outputs, outputTypes, parser.getCurrentLocation(), result.operands))
+    return failure();
+  if (successor)
+    result.addSuccessors(successor);
+  return success();
+}
+
+void SpatDeferredCommunicationOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
+  printer << " ";
+  printCompressedValueSequence(printer, getSources());
+  printer.printOptionalAttrDict((*this)->getAttrs());
+  printer << " : ";
+  printer.printFunctionalType(getSources().getTypes(), getOperation()->getResultTypes());
+  printer << " ";
+  printer.printRegion(getBody(), /*printEntryBlockArgs=*/false);
+}
+
+ParseResult SpatDeferredCommunicationOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
+  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand> sources;
+  Type functionTypeStorage;
+
+  if (parseCompressedOperandSequence(parser, sources) || parser.parseOptionalAttrDict(result.attributes)
+      || parser.parseColon() || parser.parseType(functionTypeStorage))
+    return failure();
+
+  auto functionType = dyn_cast<FunctionType>(functionTypeStorage);
+  if (!functionType)
+    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "expected deferred communication function type");
+  if (sources.size() != functionType.getNumInputs())
+    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of sources and source types must match");
+
+  if (parser.resolveOperands(sources, functionType.getInputs(), parser.getCurrentLocation(), result.operands))
+    return failure();
+  result.addTypes(functionType.getResults());
+
+  Region* body = result.addRegion();
+  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::Argument> bodyArgs;
+  for (Type type : functionType.getInputs()) {
+    OpAsmParser::Argument argument;
+    argument.type = type;
+    bodyArgs.push_back(argument);
+  }
+  return parser.parseRegion(*body, bodyArgs);
+}
+
 void SpatExtractRowsOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
   printer << " ";
   printer.printOperand(getInput());
@@ -466,6 +557,142 @@ ParseResult SpatConcatOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
   return success();
 }
 
+void SpatBlueprintOp::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) {
+  SmallVector<Value> operands {getInput()};
+  llvm::append_range(operands, getFragments());
+
+  printer << " fragments";
+  printCompressedValueList(printer, operands, ListDelimiter::Paren);
+  printer << " layout " << getLogicalLayout();
+  printer << " physical " << getPhysicalLayout();
+  printer << " offsets ";
+  printCompressedIntegerList(printer, getFragmentOffsets());
+  printer << " sizes ";
+  printCompressedIntegerList(printer, getFragmentSizes());
+  printer << " map " << getIndexMap();
+  if (std::optional<StringRef> mode = getMode())
+    printer << " mode " << *mode;
+  if (std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> operandIndices = getFragmentOperandIndices()) {
+    printer << " operandIndices ";
+    printCompressedIntegerList(printer, *operandIndices);
+  }
+  if (std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> sourceSlots = getFragmentSourceSlots()) {
+    printer << " sourceSlots ";
+    printCompressedIntegerList(printer, *sourceSlots);
+  }
+  if (std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> sourceOffsets = getFragmentSourceOffsets()) {
+    printer << " sourceOffsets ";
+    printCompressedIntegerList(printer, *sourceOffsets);
+  }
+  if (std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> strides = getFragmentStrides()) {
+    printer << " strides ";
+    printCompressedIntegerList(printer, *strides);
+  }
+  if (std::optional<StringRef> conflictPolicy = getConflictPolicy())
+    printer << " conflict " << *conflictPolicy;
+  if (std::optional<StringRef> coveragePolicy = getCoveragePolicy())
+    printer << " coverage " << *coveragePolicy;
+
+  printer.printOptionalAttrDict((*this)->getAttrs(),
+                                {getLogicalLayoutAttrName().getValue(),
+                                 getPhysicalLayoutAttrName().getValue(),
+                                 getFragmentOffsetsAttrName().getValue(),
+                                 getFragmentSizesAttrName().getValue(),
+                                 getIndexMapAttrName().getValue(),
+                                 getModeAttrName().getValue(),
+                                 getFragmentOperandIndicesAttrName().getValue(),
+                                 getFragmentSourceSlotsAttrName().getValue(),
+                                 getFragmentSourceOffsetsAttrName().getValue(),
+                                 getFragmentStridesAttrName().getValue(),
+                                 getConflictPolicyAttrName().getValue(),
+                                 getCoveragePolicyAttrName().getValue()});
+  printer << " : ";
+  printCompressedTypeList(printer, TypeRange(operands), ListDelimiter::Paren);
+  printer << " -> ";
+  printer.printType(getOutput().getType());
+}
+
+ParseResult SpatBlueprintOp::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
+  SmallVector<OpAsmParser::UnresolvedOperand> operands;
+  SmallVector<Type> operandTypes;
+  Type outputType;
+  StringAttr logicalLayout;
+  StringAttr physicalLayout;
+  StringAttr indexMap;
+  StringAttr mode;
+  StringAttr conflictPolicy;
+  StringAttr coveragePolicy;
+  SmallVector<int64_t> fragmentOffsets;
+  SmallVector<int64_t> fragmentSizes;
+  SmallVector<int64_t> fragmentOperandIndices;
+  SmallVector<int64_t> fragmentSourceSlots;
+  SmallVector<int64_t> fragmentSourceOffsets;
+  SmallVector<int64_t> fragmentStrides;
+
+  if (parser.parseKeyword("fragments")
+      || parseCompressedOperandList(parser, ListDelimiter::Paren, operands)
+      || parser.parseKeyword("layout") || parseBareStringAttr(parser, logicalLayout)
+      || parser.parseKeyword("physical") || parseBareStringAttr(parser, physicalLayout)
+      || parser.parseKeyword("offsets") || parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, fragmentOffsets)
+      || parser.parseKeyword("sizes") || parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, fragmentSizes)
+      || parser.parseKeyword("map") || parseBareStringAttr(parser, indexMap))
+    return failure();
+
+  if (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword("mode")) && parseBareStringAttr(parser, mode))
+    return failure();
+  if (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword("operandIndices"))
+      && parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, fragmentOperandIndices))
+    return failure();
+  if (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword("sourceSlots"))
+      && parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, fragmentSourceSlots))
+    return failure();
+  if (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword("sourceOffsets"))
+      && parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, fragmentSourceOffsets))
+    return failure();
+  if (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword("strides")) && parseCompressedIntegerList(parser, fragmentStrides))
+    return failure();
+  if (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword("conflict")) && parseBareStringAttr(parser, conflictPolicy))
+    return failure();
+  if (succeeded(parser.parseOptionalKeyword("coverage")) && parseBareStringAttr(parser, coveragePolicy))
+    return failure();
+
+  if (parser.parseOptionalAttrDict(result.attributes) || parser.parseColon()
+      || parseCompressedRepeatedList(
+        parser, ListDelimiter::Paren, operandTypes, [&](Type& type) { return parser.parseType(type); })
+      || parser.parseArrow() || parser.parseType(outputType))
+    return failure();
+  if (operands.empty())
+    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "spat.blueprint requires at least one fragment operand");
+  if (operands.size() != operandTypes.size())
+    return parser.emitError(parser.getCurrentLocation(), "number of fragment operands and types must match");
+
+  auto& builder = parser.getBuilder();
+  result.addAttribute("logicalLayout", logicalLayout);
+  result.addAttribute("physicalLayout", physicalLayout);
+  result.addAttribute("fragmentOffsets", builder.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(fragmentOffsets));
+  result.addAttribute("fragmentSizes", builder.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(fragmentSizes));
+  result.addAttribute("indexMap", indexMap);
+  if (mode)
+    result.addAttribute("mode", mode);
+  if (!fragmentOperandIndices.empty())
+    result.addAttribute("fragmentOperandIndices", builder.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(fragmentOperandIndices));
+  if (!fragmentSourceSlots.empty())
+    result.addAttribute("fragmentSourceSlots", builder.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(fragmentSourceSlots));
+  if (!fragmentSourceOffsets.empty())
+    result.addAttribute("fragmentSourceOffsets", builder.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(fragmentSourceOffsets));
+  if (!fragmentStrides.empty())
+    result.addAttribute("fragmentStrides", builder.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(fragmentStrides));
+  if (conflictPolicy)
+    result.addAttribute("conflictPolicy", conflictPolicy);
+  if (coveragePolicy)
+    result.addAttribute("coveragePolicy", coveragePolicy);
+
+  if (parser.resolveOperands(operands, operandTypes, parser.getCurrentLocation(), result.operands))
+    return failure();
+  result.addTypes(outputType);
+  return success();
+}
+
 void SpatGraphCompute::print(OpAsmPrinter& printer) { printComputeLikeOp(*this, printer); }
 ParseResult SpatGraphCompute::parse(OpAsmParser& parser, OperationState& result) {
   return parseComputeLikeOp<SpatGraphCompute>(parser, result);

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOpsCanonicalization.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Block.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/IRMapping.h"
 
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/LogicalResult.h"
 
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
 
 using namespace mlir;
@@ -40,5 +46,177 @@ LogicalResult SpatScheduledCompute::fold(FoldAdaptor adaptor, ::llvm::SmallVecto
   return foldComputeLike(*this, results);
 }
 
+template <typename ScalarComputeOpTy>
+static ScalarComputeOpTy createEmptyScalarCompute(PatternRewriter& rewriter,
+                                                  Location loc,
+                                                  TypeRange resultTypes,
+                                                  ValueRange weights,
+                                                  ValueRange inputs) {
+  auto computeOp = ScalarComputeOpTy::create(rewriter, loc, resultTypes, weights, inputs);
+  SmallVector<Type> blockArgTypes;
+  SmallVector<Location> blockArgLocs;
+  blockArgTypes.reserve(weights.size() + inputs.size());
+  blockArgLocs.reserve(weights.size() + inputs.size());
+  for (Value weight : weights) {
+    blockArgTypes.push_back(weight.getType());
+    blockArgLocs.push_back(weight.getLoc());
+  }
+  for (Value input : inputs) {
+    blockArgTypes.push_back(input.getType());
+    blockArgLocs.push_back(input.getLoc());
+  }
+  rewriter.createBlock(&computeOp.getBody(), computeOp.getBody().end(), blockArgTypes, blockArgLocs);
+  rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(&computeOp.getBody().front());
+  return computeOp;
+}
+
+static SmallVector<OpFoldResult> remapMixedOffsets(ArrayRef<OpFoldResult> mixedOffsets, IRMapping& mapper) {
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> remapped;
+  remapped.reserve(mixedOffsets.size());
+  for (OpFoldResult ofr : mixedOffsets) {
+    if (auto value = dyn_cast<Value>(ofr))
+      remapped.push_back(cast<Value>(mapper.lookupOrDefault(value)));
+    else
+      remapped.push_back(cast<Attribute>(ofr));
+  }
+  return remapped;
+}
+
+static SmallVector<Value> createEmptyResults(PatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, TypeRange resultTypes) {
+  SmallVector<Value> resultValues;
+  resultValues.reserve(resultTypes.size());
+  for (Type resultType : resultTypes) {
+    auto tensorType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(resultType);
+    if (!tensorType || !tensorType.hasStaticShape())
+      return {};
+    resultValues.push_back(tensor::EmptyOp::create(rewriter, loc, tensorType.getShape(), tensorType.getElementType()));
+  }
+  return resultValues;
+}
+
+template <typename ScalarComputeOpTy, typename ComputeBatchOpTy>
+static void copyCanonicalizedBatchAttrs(ScalarComputeOpTy compute, ComputeBatchOpTy batch, PatternRewriter& rewriter) {
+  for (NamedAttribute attr : batch->getAttrs()) {
+    if (attr.getName() == batch.getOperandSegmentSizesAttrName() || attr.getName() == batch.getLaneCountAttrName()
+        || attr.getName() == onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName)
+      continue;
+    compute->setAttr(attr.getName(), attr.getValue());
+  }
+  if constexpr (std::is_same_v<ComputeBatchOpTy, SpatScheduledComputeBatch>) {
+    if (auto coreIds = batch->template getAttrOfType<DenseI32ArrayAttr>(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName)) {
+      assert(coreIds.size() == 1 && "single-lane scheduled compute_batch canonicalization expects exactly one core id");
+      compute->setAttr(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdAttrName, rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(coreIds.asArrayRef().front()));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename ComputeBatchOpTy, typename ScalarComputeOpTy>
+struct CanonicalizeSingleLaneComputeBatchPattern : OpRewritePattern<ComputeBatchOpTy> {
+  using OpRewritePattern<ComputeBatchOpTy>::OpRewritePattern;
+
+  LogicalResult matchAndRewrite(ComputeBatchOpTy compute, PatternRewriter& rewriter) const override {
+    if (compute.getLaneCount() != 1)
+      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "lane count is not 1");
+
+    Block& oldBlock = compute.getBody().front();
+    auto oldLaneArg = compute.getLaneArgument();
+    if (!oldLaneArg)
+      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "missing compute_batch lane block argument");
+
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(compute);
+    auto newCompute =
+      createEmptyScalarCompute<ScalarComputeOpTy>(rewriter, compute.getLoc(), compute.getResultTypes(), compute.getWeights(), compute.getInputs());
+    copyCanonicalizedBatchAttrs(newCompute, compute, rewriter);
+    auto* newBlock = &newCompute.getBody().front();
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(newBlock);
+
+    IRMapping mapper;
+    Value zero = getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, compute.getOperation(), 0);
+    mapper.map(*oldLaneArg, zero);
+    for (auto [index, weight] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getWeights())) {
+      auto oldArg = compute.getWeightArgument(index);
+      auto newArg = newCompute.getWeightArgument(index);
+      if (!oldArg || !newArg)
+        return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "missing rewritten compute weight block argument");
+      mapper.map(*oldArg, *newArg);
+    }
+    for (auto [index, input] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getInputs())) {
+      auto oldArg = compute.getInputArgument(index);
+      auto newArg = newCompute.getInputArgument(index);
+      if (!oldArg || !newArg)
+        return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "missing rewritten compute input block argument");
+      mapper.map(*oldArg, *newArg);
+    }
+
+    SmallVector<Value> resultValues = createEmptyResults(rewriter, compute.getLoc(), compute.getResultTypes());
+    if (resultValues.size() != compute.getNumResults())
+      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "single-lane compute_batch canonicalization requires static ranked results");
+    for (auto [index, resultValue] : llvm::enumerate(resultValues)) {
+      auto oldOutputArg = compute.getOutputArgument(index);
+      if (!oldOutputArg)
+        return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "missing compute_batch output block argument");
+      mapper.map(*oldOutputArg, resultValue);
+    }
+
+    auto oldInParallel = dyn_cast<SpatInParallelOp>(oldBlock.getTerminator());
+    auto oldYield = dyn_cast<SpatYieldOp>(oldBlock.getTerminator());
+    for (Operation& op : oldBlock.without_terminator())
+      rewriter.clone(op, mapper);
+
+    if (oldYield) {
+      SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, oldYield.getLoc(), ValueRange {});
+      rewriter.replaceOp(compute, newCompute.getResults());
+      return success();
+    }
+    if (!oldInParallel)
+      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "expected spat.in_parallel or empty spat.yield terminator");
+
+    DenseMap<BlockArgument, size_t> outputIndexByArg;
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < compute.getNumResults(); ++index) {
+      auto oldOutputArg = compute.getOutputArgument(index);
+      if (!oldOutputArg)
+        return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "missing compute_batch output block argument");
+      outputIndexByArg[*oldOutputArg] = index;
+    }
+
+    for (Operation& op : oldInParallel.getRegion().front()) {
+      auto insertSlice = dyn_cast<tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp>(&op);
+      if (!insertSlice)
+        return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "expected only tensor.parallel_insert_slice in spat.in_parallel");
+      auto oldDest = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(insertSlice.getDest());
+      if (!oldDest)
+        return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "expected tensor.parallel_insert_slice destination to be a block argument");
+      auto resultIndexIt = outputIndexByArg.find(oldDest);
+      if (resultIndexIt == outputIndexByArg.end())
+        return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(compute, "unexpected tensor.parallel_insert_slice destination");
+      size_t resultIndex = resultIndexIt->second;
+      Value remappedSource = mapper.lookupOrDefault(insertSlice.getSource());
+      auto remappedOffsets = remapMixedOffsets(insertSlice.getMixedOffsets(), mapper);
+      auto remappedSizes = remapMixedOffsets(insertSlice.getMixedSizes(), mapper);
+      auto remappedStrides = remapMixedOffsets(insertSlice.getMixedStrides(), mapper);
+      resultValues[resultIndex] = tensor::InsertSliceOp::create(rewriter,
+                                                                insertSlice.getLoc(),
+                                                                remappedSource,
+                                                                resultValues[resultIndex],
+                                                                remappedOffsets,
+                                                                remappedSizes,
+                                                                remappedStrides)
+                                    .getResult();
+    }
+
+    SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, oldInParallel.getLoc(), resultValues);
+    rewriter.replaceOp(compute, newCompute.getResults());
+    return success();
+  }
+};
+
+void SpatGraphComputeBatch::getCanonicalizationPatterns(RewritePatternSet& results, MLIRContext* context) {
+  results.add<CanonicalizeSingleLaneComputeBatchPattern<SpatGraphComputeBatch, SpatGraphCompute>>(context);
+}
+
+void SpatScheduledComputeBatch::getCanonicalizationPatterns(RewritePatternSet& results, MLIRContext* context) {
+  results.add<CanonicalizeSingleLaneComputeBatchPattern<SpatScheduledComputeBatch, SpatScheduledCompute>>(context);
+}
+
 } // namespace spatial
 } // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOpsVerify.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Affine/IR/AffineOps.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/AffineExpr.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Block.h"
@@ -59,6 +60,21 @@ static LogicalResult verifyStaticWeights(ComputeOpTy computeOp, StringRef kind)
   return success();
 }
 
+static bool isStaticScfForInductionVar(Value value) {
+  auto blockArg = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(value);
+  if (!blockArg)
+    return false;
+
+  auto loop = dyn_cast_or_null<scf::ForOp>(blockArg.getOwner()->getParentOp());
+  if (!loop || loop.getInductionVar() != value)
+    return false;
+
+  std::optional<int64_t> lowerBound = matchConstantIndexValue(loop.getLowerBound());
+  std::optional<int64_t> upperBound = matchConstantIndexValue(loop.getUpperBound());
+  std::optional<int64_t> step = matchConstantIndexValue(loop.getStep());
+  return lowerBound && upperBound && step && *step > 0 && *upperBound >= *lowerBound;
+}
+
 static bool isStaticIndexExpr(Value value) {
   if (matchConstantIndexValue(value))
     return true;
@@ -80,7 +96,7 @@ static bool isStaticIndexExpr(Value value) {
 }
 
 static bool isSupportedLaneOffsetExpr(Value value, BlockArgument laneArg) {
-  if (value == laneArg || isStaticIndexExpr(value))
+  if (value == laneArg || isStaticIndexExpr(value) || isStaticScfForInductionVar(value))
     return true;
 
   auto affineApply = value.getDefiningOp<affine::AffineApplyOp>();
@@ -176,12 +192,18 @@ static bool isConstantExternalValue(Value value) {
   return definingOp && definingOp->hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>();
 }
 
+static bool isRecordedDeferredCommunicationSource(Operation* op, Value value) {
+  auto transfer = dyn_cast<SpatDeferredCommunicationOp>(op);
+  return transfer && llvm::is_contained(transfer.getSources(), value);
+}
+
 static LogicalResult verifyOnlyConstantExternalValues(Operation* ownerOp, Region& region, StringRef kind) {
   bool hasFailure = false;
   region.walk([&](Operation* op) {
     for (OpOperand& operand : op->getOpOperands()) {
       Value value = operand.get();
-      if (isDefinedInsideRegion(value, region) || isConstantExternalValue(value))
+      if (isDefinedInsideRegion(value, region) || isConstantExternalValue(value)
+          || isRecordedDeferredCommunicationSource(op, value))
         continue;
 
       InFlightDiagnostic diagnostic =
@@ -203,8 +225,35 @@ static LogicalResult verifyOnlyConstantExternalValues(Operation* ownerOp, Region
   return success(!hasFailure);
 }
 
+static LogicalResult verifyYieldTypes(Operation* op, Region& region, TypeRange resultTypes, StringRef kind) {
+  if (region.empty())
+    return op->emitOpError() << kind << " requires a body block";
+  Block& block = region.front();
+  auto yield = dyn_cast_or_null<SpatYieldOp>(block.getTerminator());
+  if (!yield)
+    return op->emitOpError() << kind << " body must terminate with spat.yield";
+  if (yield.getOutputs().size() != resultTypes.size())
+    return op->emitOpError() << kind << " yield operand count must match result count";
+  for (auto [yieldType, resultType] : llvm::zip(yield.getOutputs().getTypes(), resultTypes))
+    if (yieldType != resultType)
+      return op->emitOpError() << kind << " yield operand types must match result types";
+  return success();
+}
+
+static LogicalResult verifyRegionArguments(Operation* op, Region& region, ValueRange operands, StringRef kind) {
+  if (region.empty())
+    return op->emitOpError() << kind << " requires a body block";
+  Block& block = region.front();
+  if (block.getNumArguments() != operands.size())
+    return op->emitOpError() << kind << " body argument count must match operand count";
+  for (auto [arg, operand] : llvm::zip(block.getArguments(), operands))
+    if (arg.getType() != operand.getType())
+      return op->emitOpError() << kind << " body argument types must match operand types";
+  return success();
+}
+
 template <typename ComputeBatchOpTy>
-static LogicalResult verifyBatchBody(ComputeBatchOpTy batchOp, Block& block) {
+static LogicalResult verifyBatchBody(ComputeBatchOpTy batchOp, Block& block, bool verifyLaneSliceOffsets = true) {
   if (batchOp.getNumResults() == 0) {
     auto yieldOp = dyn_cast_or_null<SpatYieldOp>(block.getTerminator());
     if (!yieldOp)
@@ -219,6 +268,7 @@ static LogicalResult verifyBatchBody(ComputeBatchOpTy batchOp, Block& block) {
   auto laneArg = batchOp.getLaneArgument();
   if (!laneArg)
     return batchOp.emitError("compute_batch body must have a lane block argument");
+  if (verifyLaneSliceOffsets)
     for (auto& bodyOp : block) {
       if (auto extractSlice = dyn_cast<tensor::ExtractSliceOp>(&bodyOp))
         if (failed(verifyStaticUnitStrideExtractSliceOp(extractSlice, *laneArg, "tensor.extract_slice")))
@@ -436,10 +486,43 @@ LogicalResult SpatReluPlanOp::verify() {
   return success();
 }
 
-LogicalResult SpatReconciliatorOp::verify() {
+LogicalResult SpatBiasAddPlanOp::verify() {
+  if (failed(verifyPlanTensorTypes(getOperation(), getInput(), getOutput(), "spat.bias_add_plan")))
+    return failure();
+  if (!isKnownLogicalLayout(getLogicalLayout()))
+    return emitError("requires a known logical layout");
+
+  auto inputType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(getInput().getType());
+  auto biasType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(getBias().getType());
+  auto outputType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(getOutput().getType());
+  if (!inputType || !biasType || !outputType)
+    return emitError("requires ranked tensor input, bias, and output");
+  if (!inputType.hasStaticShape() || !biasType.hasStaticShape() || !outputType.hasStaticShape())
+    return emitError("requires static tensor input, bias, and output");
+  if (inputType != outputType)
+    return emitError("requires matching input and output tensor types");
+  if (outputType.getRank() != 4)
+    return emitError("requires rank-4 input/output tensors");
+  if (getLogicalLayout() != "nchw")
+    return emitError("requires logical layout \"nchw\"");
+  if (biasType.getElementType() != outputType.getElementType())
+    return emitError("requires bias element type to match the output element type");
+
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> biasShape = biasType.getShape();
+  const int64_t channels = outputType.getDimSize(1);
+  const bool supported = biasShape.empty() || (biasShape.size() == 1 && biasShape[0] == channels)
+                         || (biasShape.size() == 2 && biasShape[0] == 1 && biasShape[1] == channels)
+                         || (biasShape.size() == 4 && biasShape[0] == 1 && biasShape[1] == channels
+                             && biasShape[2] == 1 && biasShape[3] == 1);
+  if (!supported)
+    return emitError("requires scalar or per-channel bias broadcastable over NCHW");
+  return success();
+}
+
+LogicalResult SpatBlueprintOp::verify() {
   auto modeAttr = getModeAttr();
   bool isFragmentAssembly = modeAttr && modeAttr.getValue() == "fragment_assembly";
-  if (!isFragmentAssembly && failed(verifyPlanTensorTypes(getOperation(), getInput(), getOutput(), "spat.reconciliator")))
+  if (!isFragmentAssembly && failed(verifyPlanTensorTypes(getOperation(), getInput(), getOutput(), "spat.blueprint")))
     return failure();
   if (!isKnownLogicalLayout(getLogicalLayout()))
     return emitError("requires a known logical layout");
@@ -482,28 +565,41 @@ LogicalResult SpatReconciliatorOp::verify() {
     if (failed(verifyBoundsOnly({})))
       return failure();
     if (!getFragments().empty())
-      return emitError("legacy reconciliator does not accept extra fragment operands");
-    if (getFragmentStridesAttr() || getConflictPolicyAttr() || getCoveragePolicyAttr())
-      return emitError("legacy reconciliator does not accept fragment assembly attributes");
+      return emitError("legacy blueprint does not accept extra fragment operands");
+    if (getFragmentSourceOffsetsAttr() || getFragmentStridesAttr() || getConflictPolicyAttr()
+        || getCoveragePolicyAttr())
+      return emitError("legacy blueprint does not accept fragment assembly attributes");
     return success();
   }
 
   auto stridesAttr = getFragmentStridesAttr();
   auto operandIndicesAttr = getFragmentOperandIndicesAttr();
+  auto sourceSlotsAttr = getFragmentSourceSlotsAttr();
+  auto sourceOffsetsAttr = getFragmentSourceOffsetsAttr();
   if (!operandIndicesAttr)
-    return emitError("fragment assembly reconciliator requires fragment operand indices");
+    return emitError("fragment assembly blueprint requires fragment operand indices");
+  if (!sourceSlotsAttr)
+    return emitError("fragment assembly blueprint requires physical fragment source slots");
+  if (!sourceOffsetsAttr)
+    return emitError("fragment assembly blueprint requires fragment source offsets");
   if (!stridesAttr)
-    return emitError("fragment assembly reconciliator requires fragment strides");
+    return emitError("fragment assembly blueprint requires fragment strides");
   ArrayRef<int64_t> operandIndices = operandIndicesAttr.asArrayRef();
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceSlots = sourceSlotsAttr.asArrayRef();
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceOffsets = sourceOffsetsAttr.asArrayRef();
   ArrayRef<int64_t> strides = stridesAttr.asArrayRef();
   if (strides.size() != offsets.size())
     return emitError("fragment stride and offset arrays must have the same length");
+  if (sourceOffsets.size() != operandIndices.size())
+    return emitError("fragment source offset count must match fragment operand index count");
+  if (sourceSlots.size() != operandIndices.size())
+    return emitError("fragment source slot count must match fragment operand index count");
   if (!getConflictPolicyAttr() || !getCoveragePolicyAttr())
-    return emitError("fragment assembly reconciliator requires conflict and coverage policies");
+    return emitError("fragment assembly blueprint requires conflict and coverage policies");
   if (getConflictPolicy() != "disjoint")
-    return emitError("fragment assembly reconciliator currently supports only conflict_policy=\"disjoint\"");
+    return emitError("fragment assembly blueprint currently supports only conflict_policy=\"disjoint\"");
   if (getCoveragePolicy() != "complete" && getCoveragePolicy() != "partial")
-    return emitError("fragment assembly reconciliator coverage_policy must be \"complete\" or \"partial\"");
+    return emitError("fragment assembly blueprint coverage_policy must be \"complete\" or \"partial\"");
 
   SmallVector<Value> operands;
   operands.push_back(getInput());
@@ -511,7 +607,7 @@ LogicalResult SpatReconciliatorOp::verify() {
   int64_t operandCount = static_cast<int64_t>(operands.size());
   int64_t fragmentCount = static_cast<int64_t>(operandIndices.size());
   if (operandCount == 0)
-    return emitError("fragment assembly reconciliator requires at least one operand");
+    return emitError("fragment assembly blueprint requires at least one operand");
   if (static_cast<int64_t>(offsets.size()) != fragmentCount * rank)
     return emitError("fragment assembly metadata count must match operand count * result rank");
   if (failed(verifyBoundsOnly(strides)))
@@ -519,17 +615,32 @@ LogicalResult SpatReconciliatorOp::verify() {
 
   SmallVector<std::pair<SmallVector<int64_t, 4>, SmallVector<int64_t, 4>>, 8> slices;
   slices.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(fragmentCount));
-  SmallVector<SmallVector<SmallVector<int64_t, 4>, 4>, 8> sizesByOperand(static_cast<size_t>(operandCount));
+  SmallVector<int64_t, 8> fragmentCountsByOperand(static_cast<size_t>(operandCount), 0);
+  auto expandFlatElementIndex = [](int64_t flatIndex, ArrayRef<int64_t> shape) {
+    SmallVector<int64_t, 4> indices(shape.size(), 0);
+    for (int64_t dim = static_cast<int64_t>(shape.size()) - 1; dim >= 0; --dim) {
+      indices[dim] = flatIndex % shape[dim];
+      flatIndex /= shape[dim];
+    }
+    return indices;
+  };
   for (int64_t fragmentIndex = 0; fragmentIndex < fragmentCount; ++fragmentIndex) {
     int64_t operandIndex = operandIndices[fragmentIndex];
     if (operandIndex < 0 || operandIndex >= operandCount)
       return emitError("fragment assembly operand index is out of range");
+    if (sourceSlots[fragmentIndex] < 0)
+      return emitError("fragment assembly physical source slot must be nonnegative");
+    if (sourceOffsets[fragmentIndex] < 0)
+      return emitError("fragment assembly source offsets must be nonnegative");
 
     auto operandType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(operands[operandIndex].getType());
     if (!operandType || !operandType.hasStaticShape())
-      return emitError("fragment assembly reconciliator requires static ranked tensor operands");
-    if (operandType.getRank() != rank)
-      return emitError("fragment assembly reconciliator requires operand/result rank match");
+      return emitError("fragment assembly blueprint requires static ranked tensor operands");
+    if (operandType.getRank() != rank + 1)
+      return emitError("fragment assembly physical operand must have one leading source-slot dimension");
+    if (sourceSlots[fragmentIndex] >= operandType.getDimSize(0))
+      return emitError("fragment assembly physical source slot is out of range");
+    auto fragmentType = RankedTensorType::get(operandType.getShape().drop_front(), operandType.getElementType(), operandType.getEncoding());
 
     SmallVector<int64_t, 4> fragmentOffsets;
     SmallVector<int64_t, 4> fragmentSizes;
@@ -541,7 +652,17 @@ LogicalResult SpatReconciliatorOp::verify() {
       fragmentSizes.push_back(sizes[flatIndex]);
     }
 
-    sizesByOperand[static_cast<size_t>(operandIndex)].push_back(fragmentSizes);
+    ++fragmentCountsByOperand[static_cast<size_t>(operandIndex)];
+    int64_t fragmentElements = 1;
+    for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < rank; ++dim)
+      fragmentElements *= fragmentSizes[dim];
+    if (sourceOffsets[fragmentIndex] + fragmentElements > fragmentType.getNumElements())
+      return emitError("fragment assembly source offset exceeds the selected physical fragment bounds");
+    SmallVector<int64_t, 4> sourceSliceOffsets =
+      expandFlatElementIndex(sourceOffsets[fragmentIndex], fragmentType.getShape());
+    for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < rank; ++dim)
+      if (sourceSliceOffsets[dim] + fragmentSizes[dim] > fragmentType.getDimSize(dim))
+        return emitError("fragment assembly source offset must describe a valid unit-stride slice");
 
     for (const auto& [existingOffsets, existingSizes] : slices) {
       bool overlaps = true;
@@ -556,34 +677,14 @@ LogicalResult SpatReconciliatorOp::verify() {
         }
       }
       if (overlaps)
-        return emitError("fragment assembly reconciliator requires disjoint static slices");
+        return emitError("fragment assembly blueprint requires disjoint static slices");
     }
     slices.push_back({std::move(fragmentOffsets), std::move(fragmentSizes)});
   }
 
   for (int64_t operandIndex = 0; operandIndex < operandCount; ++operandIndex) {
-    if (sizesByOperand[static_cast<size_t>(operandIndex)].empty())
-      return emitError("fragment assembly reconciliator requires every operand to contribute at least one fragment");
-
-    auto operandType = cast<RankedTensorType>(operands[operandIndex].getType());
-    ArrayRef<int64_t> operandShape = operandType.getShape();
-    auto& fragmentShapes = sizesByOperand[static_cast<size_t>(operandIndex)];
-    if (fragmentShapes.size() == 1) {
-      if (!llvm::equal(operandShape, fragmentShapes.front()))
-        return emitError("single-fragment reconciliator operand shape must match declared fragment size");
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    ArrayRef<int64_t> fragmentShape = fragmentShapes.front();
-    for (ArrayRef<int64_t> otherShape : fragmentShapes)
-      if (!llvm::equal(fragmentShape, otherShape))
-        return emitError("packed reconciliator operand requires equal fragment sizes per operand");
-    if (llvm::equal(operandShape, fragmentShape))
-      continue;
-    if (!llvm::equal(operandShape.drop_front(), fragmentShape.drop_front()))
-      return emitError("packed reconciliator operand must match fragment shape on non-packed dimensions");
-    if (operandShape.front() != static_cast<int64_t>(fragmentShapes.size()) * fragmentShape.front())
-      return emitError("packed reconciliator operand first dimension must equal fragment_count * fragment_size");
+    if (fragmentCountsByOperand[static_cast<size_t>(operandIndex)] == 0)
+      return emitError("fragment assembly blueprint requires every operand to contribute at least one fragment");
   }
 
   if (getCoveragePolicy() == "complete") {
@@ -623,7 +724,9 @@ LogicalResult verifyComputeResultsUses(Operation* op) {
   if (!isAnySpatialComputeLike(op))
     return op->emitError("verifyComputeResultUses: op is not a Spatial compute-like operation");
   if (!llvm::all_of(op->getResults(), [](Value result) {
-        return llvm::all_of(result.getUsers(), [](Operation* op) {
+        return llvm::all_of(result.getUsers(), [result](Operation* op) {
+          if (isRecordedDeferredCommunicationSource(op, result))
+            return true;
           return !isAnySpatialComputeLike(op->getParentOp());
         });
       })) {
@@ -634,33 +737,44 @@ LogicalResult verifyComputeResultsUses(Operation* op) {
 
 template <typename ComputeOpTy>
 LogicalResult verifyComputeLikeOp(ComputeOpTy compute, StringRef opName) {
-  auto& block = compute.getBody().front();
   unsigned expectedArgCount = compute.getWeights().size() + compute.getInputs().size();
-  if (block.getNumArguments() != expectedArgCount)
+  bool isScheduled = isa<SpatScheduledCompute>(compute.getOperation());
+  if (compute.getBody().empty())
+    return compute.emitOpError("compute body must have at least one block");
+
+  SmallVector<Type> yieldedTypes;
+  for (Block& block : compute.getBody()) {
+    if ((!isScheduled && block.getNumArguments() != expectedArgCount)
+        || (isScheduled && block.getNumArguments() < expectedArgCount))
       return compute.emitOpError("compute body must have weight and input block arguments");
 
-  for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getWeights())) {
-    auto blockArg = compute.getWeightArgument(weightIndex);
-    if (!blockArg || blockArg->getType() != weight.getType())
+    for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getWeights()))
+      if (block.getArgument(weightIndex).getType() != weight.getType())
         return compute.emitOpError("compute weight block argument types must match weight operand types exactly");
-  }
-  for (auto [inputIndex, input] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getInputs())) {
-    auto blockArg = compute.getInputArgument(inputIndex);
-    if (!blockArg || blockArg->getType() != input.getType())
+    for (auto [inputIndex, input] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getInputs()))
+      if (block.getArgument(compute.getWeights().size() + inputIndex).getType() != input.getType())
         return compute.emitOpError("compute input block argument types must match input operand types exactly");
-  }
 
-  if (block.mightHaveTerminator()) {
-    auto yieldOp = dyn_cast_or_null<SpatYieldOp>(block.getTerminator());
-    if (!yieldOp)
+    Operation* terminator = block.getTerminator();
+    if (auto yieldOp = dyn_cast_or_null<SpatYieldOp>(terminator)) {
+      auto realized = compute->template getAttrOfType<BoolAttr>("scheduled.realized");
+      if (isScheduled && (!realized || !realized.getValue() || !compute.getBody().hasOneBlock()))
+        return compute.emitOpError("scheduled compute blocks must terminate with spat.block_yield");
+      llvm::append_range(yieldedTypes, yieldOp->getOperandTypes());
+      continue;
+    }
+    auto blockYield = dyn_cast_or_null<SpatBlockYieldOp>(terminator);
+    if (!blockYield || !isScheduled)
       return compute.emitOpError("ComputeOp must have a single yield operation");
+    if (blockYield->getNumSuccessors() == 0)
+      llvm::append_range(yieldedTypes, blockYield->getOperandTypes());
+  }
 
   auto resultTypes = compute.getResultTypes();
-    auto yieldTypes = yieldOp->getOperandTypes();
-    if (resultTypes.size() != yieldTypes.size())
-      return compute.emitOpError("ComputeOp must have same number of results as yieldOp operands");
+  if (resultTypes.size() != yieldedTypes.size())
+    return compute.emitOpError("ComputeOp must have same number of results as yielded operands");
 
-    for (auto it : llvm::reverse(llvm::zip(resultTypes, yieldTypes))) {
+  for (auto it : llvm::reverse(llvm::zip(resultTypes, yieldedTypes))) {
     auto resultType = std::get<0>(it);
     auto yieldType = std::get<1>(it);
 
@@ -670,18 +784,18 @@ LogicalResult verifyComputeLikeOp(ComputeOpTy compute, StringRef opName) {
     if (auto resultRankedType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(resultType)) {
       if (auto yieldRankedType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(yieldType)) {
         if (resultRankedType.getEncoding() != yieldRankedType.getEncoding())
-            return compute.emitOpError("ComputeOp output must have the same encoding as yieldOp operand");
+          return compute.emitOpError("ComputeOp output has an encoding while yieldOp operand does not have one");
       }
       else {
-          return compute.emitOpError("ComputeOp output has an encoding while yieldOp operand does not have one");
+        return compute.emitOpError("ComputeOp output must have the same encoding as yieldOp operand");
       }
     }
     else if (dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(yieldType)) {
       return compute.emitOpError("ComputeOp output must not have an encoding if yieldOp operand has one");
     }
   }
-  }
 
+  if (compute.getBody().hasOneBlock())
     for (unsigned inputIndex = 0; inputIndex < compute.getInputs().size(); ++inputIndex)
       if (auto inputArg = compute.getInputArgument(inputIndex); !inputArg || inputArg->use_empty())
         return compute.emitOpError("ComputeOp block argument is not used");
@@ -698,6 +812,41 @@ LogicalResult SpatGraphCompute::verify() { return verifyComputeLikeOp(*this, "sp
 
 LogicalResult SpatScheduledCompute::verify() { return verifyComputeLikeOp(*this, "spat.scheduled_compute"); }
 
+LogicalResult SpatBlockYieldOp::verify() {
+  if (getOperation()->getNumSuccessors() > 1)
+    return emitOpError("may target at most one next scheduled block");
+  Operation* parent = getOperation()->getParentOp();
+  if (!isa_and_nonnull<SpatScheduledCompute>(parent))
+    return emitOpError("expected spat.scheduled_compute parent");
+  if (getOperation()->getNumSuccessors() == 1) {
+    Block* next = getOperation()->getSuccessor(0);
+    if (getOperation()->getNumOperands() != next->getNumArguments())
+      return emitOpError("successor operand count must match next block argument count");
+    for (auto [operand, argument] : llvm::zip(getOperation()->getOperands(), next->getArguments()))
+      if (operand.getType() != argument.getType())
+        return emitOpError("successor operand types must match next block argument types");
+  }
+  return success();
+}
+
+LogicalResult SpatDeferredCommunicationOp::verify() {
+  if (getSources().empty())
+    return emitOpError("requires at least one source");
+  static constexpr StringLiteral staleAttributes[] = {
+    "exchangeId", "logicalProducer", "logicalConsumer", "sourceClass", "targetClass", "sourceCore",
+    "targetCore", "sourceLane", "targetLane", "transferKind", "resultIndex", "projectedTransfer",
+    "hostOutputOwner", "source_cpus", "source_classes", "source_lane_ranges", "target_cpus",
+    "target_classes", "target_lane_ranges", "batched", "source_operand_for_scheduled_lane",
+    "multi_source_payload"};
+  for (StringLiteral name : staleAttributes)
+    if (getOperation()->hasAttr(name))
+      return emitOpError() << "does not accept stale routing attribute '" << name
+                           << "'; source selection and shaping belong in the body and routing is derived in Phase 2";
+  if (failed(verifyRegionArguments(getOperation(), getBody(), getSources(), "spat.deferred_communication")))
+    return failure();
+  return verifyYieldTypes(getOperation(), getBody(), getOperation()->getResultTypes(), "spat.deferred_communication");
+}
+
 template <typename ComputeBatchOpTy>
 LogicalResult verifyComputeBatchLikeOp(ComputeBatchOpTy batch, StringRef opName) {
   int32_t count = batch.getLaneCount();
@@ -720,30 +869,33 @@ LogicalResult verifyComputeBatchLikeOp(ComputeBatchOpTy batch, StringRef opName)
         return batch.emitOpError("compute_batch coreIds values must be unique");
   }
 
-  Block& block = batch.getBody().front();
+  if (batch.getBody().empty())
+    return batch.emitOpError("compute_batch body must have at least one block");
+
+  unsigned expectedArgCount = 1 + batch.getWeights().size() + batch.getInputs().size() + batch.getNumResults();
+  bool verifyLaneSliceOffsets = !isa<SpatScheduledComputeBatch>(batch.getOperation());
+  for (Block& block : batch.getBody()) {
     if (block.getNumArguments() == 0)
       return batch.emitOpError("compute_batch body must have exactly one lane block argument");
-  unsigned expectedArgCount = 1 + batch.getWeights().size() + batch.getInputs().size() + batch.getNumResults();
     if (block.getNumArguments() != expectedArgCount)
-    return batch.emitOpError("compute_batch body block arguments must match lane, weight, input, and output operands/results");
-  auto laneArg = batch.getLaneArgument();
-  if (!laneArg || !laneArg->getType().isIndex())
+      return batch.emitOpError(
+        "compute_batch body block arguments must match lane, weight, input, and output operands/results");
+    if (!block.getArgument(0).getType().isIndex())
       return batch.emitOpError("compute_batch first block argument must have index type");
 
-  for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(batch.getWeights())) {
-    auto blockArg = batch.getWeightArgument(weightIndex);
-    if (!blockArg || blockArg->getType() != weight.getType())
+    for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(batch.getWeights()))
+      if (block.getArgument(1 + weightIndex).getType() != weight.getType())
         return batch.emitOpError("compute_batch weight block argument types must match weight operand types exactly");
-  }
-  for (auto [inputIndex, input] : llvm::enumerate(batch.getInputs())) {
-    auto blockArg = batch.getInputArgument(inputIndex);
-    if (!blockArg || blockArg->getType() != input.getType())
+    for (auto [inputIndex, input] : llvm::enumerate(batch.getInputs()))
+      if (block.getArgument(1 + batch.getWeights().size() + inputIndex).getType() != input.getType())
         return batch.emitOpError("compute_batch input block argument types must match input operand types exactly");
-  }
-  for (auto [resultIndex, resultType] : llvm::enumerate(batch.getResultTypes())) {
-    auto blockArg = batch.getOutputArgument(resultIndex);
-    if (!blockArg || blockArg->getType() != resultType)
+    for (auto [resultIndex, resultType] : llvm::enumerate(batch.getResultTypes()))
+      if (block.getArgument(1 + batch.getWeights().size() + batch.getInputs().size() + resultIndex).getType()
+          != resultType)
         return batch.emitOpError("compute_batch output block argument types must match result types exactly");
+
+    if (failed(verifyBatchBody(batch, block, verifyLaneSliceOffsets)))
+      return failure();
   }
 
   if (failed(verifyComputeResultsUses(batch.getOperation())))
@@ -752,7 +904,7 @@ LogicalResult verifyComputeBatchLikeOp(ComputeBatchOpTy batch, StringRef opName)
     return failure();
   if (failed(verifyOnlyConstantExternalValues(batch.getOperation(), batch.getBody(), opName)))
     return failure();
-  return verifyBatchBody(batch, block);
+  return success();
 }
 
 LogicalResult SpatGraphComputeBatch::verify() { return verifyComputeBatchLikeOp(*this, "spat.graph_compute_batch"); }

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/DeferredCommunicationDeadlock.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+#include "DeferredCommunicationDeadlock.hpp"
+
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
+
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseSet.h"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir::spatial {
+
+using namespace mlir;
+
+namespace {
+
+enum class EventKind { Compute, Send, Receive };
+
+struct Event {
+  EventKind kind = EventKind::Compute;
+  uint64_t exchangeId = 0;
+};
+
+static LogicalResult simulate(Operation *anchor,
+                              ArrayRef<SmallVector<Event>> streams,
+                              StringRef phase) {
+  SmallVector<size_t> cursor(streams.size());
+  DenseMap<uint64_t, unsigned> headSends;
+  DenseMap<uint64_t, unsigned> headReceives;
+  SmallVector<unsigned> readyComputes;
+  SmallVector<uint64_t> readyExchanges;
+  size_t computeCursor = 0;
+  size_t exchangeCursor = 0;
+  unsigned finishedStreams = 0;
+
+  auto registerHead = [&](unsigned stream) {
+    if (cursor[stream] == streams[stream].size()) {
+      ++finishedStreams;
+      return;
+    }
+    const Event &event = streams[stream][cursor[stream]];
+    if (event.kind == EventKind::Compute) {
+      readyComputes.push_back(stream);
+      return;
+    }
+    DenseMap<uint64_t, unsigned> &heads =
+      event.kind == EventKind::Send ? headSends : headReceives;
+    DenseMap<uint64_t, unsigned> &peers =
+      event.kind == EventKind::Send ? headReceives : headSends;
+    heads[event.exchangeId] = stream;
+    if (peers.contains(event.exchangeId))
+      readyExchanges.push_back(event.exchangeId);
+  };
+  for (unsigned stream = 0; stream < streams.size(); ++stream)
+    registerHead(stream);
+
+  while (computeCursor != readyComputes.size()
+         || exchangeCursor != readyExchanges.size()) {
+    if (computeCursor != readyComputes.size()) {
+      unsigned stream = readyComputes[computeCursor++];
+      ++cursor[stream];
+      registerHead(stream);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t exchange = readyExchanges[exchangeCursor++];
+    auto send = headSends.find(exchange);
+    auto receive = headReceives.find(exchange);
+    if (send == headSends.end() || receive == headReceives.end())
+      continue;
+    unsigned source = send->second;
+    unsigned target = receive->second;
+    headSends.erase(send);
+    headReceives.erase(receive);
+    ++cursor[source];
+    ++cursor[target];
+    registerHead(source);
+    registerHead(target);
+  }
+
+  if (finishedStreams == streams.size())
+    return success();
+  InFlightDiagnostic diagnostic = anchor->emitError()
+                                  << phase << " communication rendezvous simulation made no progress";
+  unsigned reported = 0;
+  for (unsigned stream = 0; stream < streams.size() && reported < 8; ++stream) {
+    if (cursor[stream] == streams[stream].size())
+      continue;
+    const Event &event = streams[stream][cursor[stream]];
+    diagnostic << (reported == 0 ? "; blocked " : ", ") << "stream " << stream
+               << " at exchange " << event.exchangeId;
+    ++reported;
+  }
+  return failure();
+}
+
+static std::optional<int64_t> getI64Attr(Operation *op, StringRef name) {
+  if (auto attr = op->getAttrOfType<IntegerAttr>(name))
+    return attr.getInt();
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+static LogicalResult getI64ArrayAttr(
+    Operation *op, StringRef name,
+    std::optional<SmallVector<int64_t>> &values) {
+  Attribute attr = op->getAttr(name);
+  if (!attr)
+    return success();
+  if (auto array = dyn_cast<DenseI64ArrayAttr>(attr)) {
+    values.emplace(array.asArrayRef());
+    return success();
+  }
+  auto elements = dyn_cast<DenseIntElementsAttr>(attr);
+  auto type = elements ? dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(elements.getType())
+                       : RankedTensorType();
+  if (!elements || !type || type.getRank() != 1
+      || !type.getElementType().isInteger(64))
+    return op->emitOpError() << "has invalid " << name << " metadata";
+  values.emplace();
+  values->reserve(elements.getNumElements());
+  for (const APInt &value : elements.getValues<APInt>())
+    values->push_back(value.getSExtValue());
+  return success();
+}
+
+struct RealizedLogicalTransfer {
+  int64_t channelId = -1;
+  int64_t parentExchangeId = -1;
+  int64_t parentTransferCount = 0;
+  int64_t sourceCore = -1;
+  int64_t targetCore = -1;
+};
+
+static LogicalResult forEachRealizedLogicalTransfer(
+    Operation *op,
+    function_ref<LogicalResult(const RealizedLogicalTransfer &)> callback) {
+  auto scalarChannel = getI64Attr(op, "raptor.channel_id");
+  std::optional<SmallVector<int64_t>> batchChannels;
+  if (failed(getI64ArrayAttr(
+        op, "raptor.batch_channel_ids", batchChannels)))
+    return failure();
+  if (scalarChannel && batchChannels)
+    return op->emitOpError(
+      "mixes scalar and compact logical transfer metadata");
+
+  if (scalarChannel) {
+    auto exchange = getI64Attr(op, "raptor.exchange_id");
+    auto parent = getI64Attr(op, "raptor.parent_exchange_id");
+    auto count = getI64Attr(op, "raptor.parent_transfer_count");
+    auto source = getI64Attr(op, "raptor.source_core");
+    auto target = getI64Attr(op, "raptor.target_core");
+    if (!exchange || !parent || !count || !source || !target)
+      return op->emitOpError(
+        "is missing scalar logical transfer metadata");
+    RealizedLogicalTransfer transfer {
+      *scalarChannel, *parent, *count, *source, *target};
+    if (*exchange != transfer.channelId || transfer.channelId < 0
+        || transfer.parentExchangeId < 0 || transfer.parentTransferCount <= 0
+        || transfer.sourceCore < 0 || transfer.targetCore < 0)
+      return op->emitOpError("has invalid scalar logical transfer metadata");
+    return callback(transfer);
+  }
+
+  std::optional<SmallVector<int64_t>> sources, targets, parents, counts;
+  if (failed(getI64ArrayAttr(op, "raptor.batch_source_cores", sources))
+      || failed(getI64ArrayAttr(op, "raptor.batch_target_cores", targets))
+      || failed(getI64ArrayAttr(
+        op, "raptor.batch_parent_exchange_ids", parents))
+      || failed(getI64ArrayAttr(
+        op, "raptor.batch_parent_transfer_counts", counts)))
+    return failure();
+  if (!batchChannels || !sources || !targets || !parents || !counts)
+    return op->emitOpError(
+      "is missing compact logical transfer metadata");
+  size_t size = batchChannels->size();
+  if (size == 0 || sources->size() != size || targets->size() != size
+      || parents->size() != size || counts->size() != size)
+    return op->emitOpError(
+      "has non-parallel compact logical transfer metadata");
+  for (auto values : llvm::zip_equal(
+         *batchChannels, *parents, *counts, *sources, *targets)) {
+    RealizedLogicalTransfer transfer {
+      std::get<0>(values), std::get<1>(values), std::get<2>(values),
+      std::get<3>(values), std::get<4>(values)};
+    if (transfer.channelId < 0 || transfer.parentExchangeId < 0
+        || transfer.parentTransferCount <= 0 || transfer.sourceCore < 0
+        || transfer.targetCore < 0)
+      return op->emitOpError("has invalid compact logical transfer metadata");
+    if (failed(callback(transfer)))
+      return failure();
+  }
+  return success();
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+LogicalResult verifyPlannedCommunicationDeadlockFree(
+  Operation *anchor,
+  unsigned streamCount,
+  ArrayRef<unsigned> stepCounts,
+  ArrayRef<PlannedCommunicationTransfer> transfers) {
+  if (stepCounts.size() != streamCount)
+    return anchor->emitError("communication plan stream count does not match step counts");
+
+  SmallVector<SmallVector<Event>> streams(streamCount);
+  SmallVector<SmallVector<SmallVector<Event>>> atBoundary(streamCount);
+  for (unsigned stream = 0; stream < streamCount; ++stream)
+    atBoundary[stream].resize(stepCounts[stream] + 1);
+  for (const PlannedCommunicationTransfer &transfer : transfers) {
+    if (transfer.sourceStream >= streamCount || transfer.targetStream >= streamCount
+        || transfer.producerStep >= stepCounts[transfer.sourceStream]
+        || transfer.consumerStep >= stepCounts[transfer.targetStream]
+        || transfer.sourceInsertionStep > stepCounts[transfer.sourceStream]
+        || transfer.targetInsertionStep > stepCounts[transfer.targetStream]
+        || transfer.sourceInsertionStep <= transfer.producerStep
+        || transfer.targetInsertionStep > transfer.consumerStep)
+      return anchor->emitError("communication plan references an invalid stream step");
+    atBoundary[transfer.sourceStream][transfer.sourceInsertionStep].push_back(
+      {EventKind::Send, transfer.exchangeId});
+    atBoundary[transfer.targetStream][transfer.targetInsertionStep].push_back(
+      {EventKind::Receive, transfer.exchangeId});
+  }
+  for (unsigned stream = 0; stream < streamCount; ++stream) {
+    for (unsigned step = 0; step < stepCounts[stream]; ++step) {
+      llvm::append_range(streams[stream], atBoundary[stream][step]);
+      streams[stream].push_back({EventKind::Compute, 0});
+    }
+    llvm::append_range(streams[stream], atBoundary[stream].back());
+  }
+  return simulate(anchor, streams, "planned");
+}
+
+LogicalResult verifyRealizedCommunicationDeadlockFree(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
+  struct LogicalOperation {
+    Operation *op = nullptr;
+    RealizedLogicalTransfer transfer;
+  };
+  DenseMap<int64_t, SmallVector<LogicalOperation, 2>> operationsByExchange;
+  struct ParentExchange {
+    std::optional<int64_t> expectedTransfers;
+    DenseSet<int64_t> channels;
+  };
+  DenseMap<int64_t, ParentExchange> parentExchanges;
+  DenseMap<int64_t, unsigned> streamByCore;
+  SmallVector<int64_t> cores;
+  bool invalid = false;
+  funcOp.walk([&](Operation *op) {
+    if (!isa<SpatChannelSendOp, SpatChannelReceiveOp>(op))
+      return;
+    if (failed(forEachRealizedLogicalTransfer(
+          op, [&](const RealizedLogicalTransfer &transfer) -> LogicalResult {
+            operationsByExchange[transfer.channelId].push_back(
+              {op, transfer});
+            ParentExchange &parent =
+              parentExchanges[transfer.parentExchangeId];
+            if (parent.expectedTransfers
+                && *parent.expectedTransfers
+                     != transfer.parentTransferCount)
+              return op->emitOpError(
+                "declares an inconsistent parent transfer count");
+            parent.expectedTransfers = transfer.parentTransferCount;
+            parent.channels.insert(transfer.channelId);
+            for (int64_t core : {transfer.sourceCore, transfer.targetCore})
+              if (!llvm::is_contained(cores, core))
+                cores.push_back(core);
+            return success();
+          })))
+      invalid = true;
+  });
+  llvm::sort(cores);
+  for (auto [index, core] : llvm::enumerate(cores))
+    streamByCore[core] = index;
+
+  SmallVector<SmallVector<Event>> streams(cores.size());
+  funcOp.walk([&](Operation *op) {
+    if (!isa<SpatChannelSendOp, SpatChannelReceiveOp>(op))
+      return;
+    if (failed(forEachRealizedLogicalTransfer(
+          op, [&](const RealizedLogicalTransfer &transfer) {
+            unsigned stream = streamByCore.lookup(
+              isa<SpatChannelSendOp>(op) ? transfer.sourceCore
+                                         : transfer.targetCore);
+            streams[stream].push_back(
+              {isa<SpatChannelSendOp>(op) ? EventKind::Send
+                                          : EventKind::Receive,
+               static_cast<uint64_t>(transfer.channelId)});
+            return success();
+          })))
+      invalid = true;
+  });
+  if (invalid)
+    return failure();
+  for (const auto &entry : parentExchanges)
+    if (!entry.second.expectedTransfers
+        || entry.second.channels.size()
+             != static_cast<size_t>(*entry.second.expectedTransfers))
+      return funcOp.emitOpError()
+             << "parent exchange " << entry.first
+             << " does not contain its declared lane transfer set";
+
+  for (const auto &entry : operationsByExchange) {
+    if (entry.second.size() != 2
+        || isa<SpatChannelSendOp>(entry.second[0].op)
+             == isa<SpatChannelSendOp>(entry.second[1].op)) {
+      return funcOp.emitOpError()
+             << "exchange " << entry.first
+             << " does not have exactly one send and one receive (sends="
+             << llvm::count_if(entry.second, [](const LogicalOperation &item) {
+                  return isa<SpatChannelSendOp>(item.op);
+                })
+             << ", receives="
+             << llvm::count_if(entry.second, [](const LogicalOperation &item) {
+                  return isa<SpatChannelReceiveOp>(item.op);
+                })
+             << ")";
+    }
+    const LogicalOperation &first = entry.second[0];
+    const LogicalOperation &second = entry.second[1];
+    const LogicalOperation &sendRecord =
+      isa<SpatChannelSendOp>(first.op) ? first : second;
+    const LogicalOperation &receiveRecord =
+      isa<SpatChannelReceiveOp>(first.op) ? first : second;
+    auto send = cast<SpatChannelSendOp>(sendRecord.op);
+    auto receive = cast<SpatChannelReceiveOp>(receiveRecord.op);
+    if (send.getInput().getType() != receive.getOutput().getType())
+      return send.emitOpError("send and receive payload types do not match");
+    if (receiveRecord.transfer.sourceCore != sendRecord.transfer.sourceCore
+        || receiveRecord.transfer.targetCore
+             != sendRecord.transfer.targetCore
+        || receiveRecord.transfer.parentExchangeId
+             != sendRecord.transfer.parentExchangeId
+        || receiveRecord.transfer.parentTransferCount
+             != sendRecord.transfer.parentTransferCount)
+      return receive.emitOpError("receive core metadata does not match its send");
+  }
+  return simulate(funcOp, streams, "realized");
+}
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir::spatial

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/DeferredCommunicationDeadlock.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
+#include "mlir/Support/LLVM.h"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir::spatial {
+
+struct PlannedCommunicationTransfer {
+  uint64_t exchangeId = 0;
+  uint64_t parentExchangeId = 0;
+  unsigned sourceStream = 0;
+  unsigned targetStream = 0;
+  unsigned producerStep = 0;
+  unsigned consumerStep = 0;
+  unsigned sourceInsertionStep = 0;
+  unsigned targetInsertionStep = 0;
+};
+
+mlir::LogicalResult verifyPlannedCommunicationDeadlockFree(
+  mlir::Operation *anchor,
+  unsigned streamCount,
+  mlir::ArrayRef<unsigned> stepCounts,
+  mlir::ArrayRef<PlannedCommunicationTransfer> transfers);
+
+mlir::LogicalResult verifyRealizedCommunicationDeadlockFree(mlir::func::FuncOp funcOp);
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir::spatial

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/DeferredCommunicationPlanning.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+#include "DeferredCommunicationPlanning.hpp"
+
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Affine/IR/AffineOps.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/IRMapping.h"
+
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
+
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/AffineUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ShapingUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/CompileTime.hpp"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir::spatial {
+using namespace mlir;
+namespace {
+
+static Value getBlockOperand(Block &block, ValueRange operands, Value value, unsigned firstArgument = 0) {
+  auto it = llvm::find(operands, value);
+  assert(it != operands.end() && "missing scheduled operand");
+  return block.getArgument(firstArgument + std::distance(operands.begin(), it));
+}
+
+static FailureOr<Value> getOriginalProducerValue(const ProducerValueRef &producer) {
+  auto outputs = getComputeInstanceOutputValues(producer.instance);
+  if (producer.resultIndex >= outputs.size())
+    return failure();
+  return outputs[producer.resultIndex];
+}
+
+static SmallVector<Value> getBlueprintFragments(SpatBlueprintOp blueprint) {
+  SmallVector<Value> fragments {blueprint.getInput()};
+  llvm::append_range(fragments, blueprint.getFragments());
+  return fragments;
+}
+
+static FailureOr<Value> buildBlueprintReconstruction(
+    OpBuilder &builder, Location loc, SpatBlueprintOp blueprint,
+    ValueRange sourceBlockArgs) {
+  auto resultType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(blueprint.getOutput().getType());
+  auto operandIndices = blueprint.getFragmentOperandIndices();
+  auto sourceSlots = blueprint.getFragmentSourceSlots();
+  auto sourceOffsets = blueprint.getFragmentSourceOffsets();
+  auto strides = blueprint.getFragmentStrides();
+  if (!resultType || !resultType.hasStaticShape() || !operandIndices ||
+      !sourceSlots || !sourceOffsets || !strides)
+    return blueprint.emitOpError("phase 1 requires complete static fragment assembly metadata"), failure();
+  int64_t rank = resultType.getRank();
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> offsets = blueprint.getFragmentOffsets();
+  ArrayRef<int64_t> sizes = blueprint.getFragmentSizes();
+  if (offsets.size() != sizes.size() || offsets.size() != strides->size() ||
+      offsets.size() != operandIndices->size() * rank ||
+      sourceSlots->size() != operandIndices->size() ||
+      sourceOffsets->size() != operandIndices->size())
+    return blueprint.emitOpError("phase 1 fragment assembly metadata has inconsistent sizes"), failure();
+
+  Value result = tensor::EmptyOp::create(builder, loc, resultType.getShape(),
+                                         resultType.getElementType());
+  for (auto [fragmentIndex, operandIndex] : llvm::enumerate(*operandIndices)) {
+    if (operandIndex < 0 || operandIndex >= static_cast<int64_t>(sourceBlockArgs.size()))
+      return blueprint.emitOpError("phase 1 fragment assembly operand index is out of range"), failure();
+    auto physicalType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(sourceBlockArgs[operandIndex].getType());
+    if (!physicalType || !physicalType.hasStaticShape() || physicalType.getRank() != rank + 1)
+      return blueprint.emitOpError("phase 1 fragment assembly source is not a physical fragment batch"), failure();
+    SmallVector<int64_t> fragmentShape(physicalType.getShape().drop_front());
+    int64_t linearOffset = (*sourceOffsets)[fragmentIndex];
+    SmallVector<int64_t> sourceCoordinates(rank);
+    for (int64_t dim = rank - 1; dim >= 0; --dim) {
+      sourceCoordinates[dim] = linearOffset % fragmentShape[dim];
+      linearOffset /= fragmentShape[dim];
+    }
+    if (linearOffset != 0)
+      return blueprint.emitOpError("phase 1 fragment source offset is out of range"), failure();
+
+    SmallVector<OpFoldResult> sliceOffsets, sliceSizes, sliceStrides;
+    sliceOffsets.push_back(builder.getIndexAttr((*sourceSlots)[fragmentIndex]));
+    sliceSizes.push_back(builder.getIndexAttr(1));
+    sliceStrides.push_back(builder.getIndexAttr(1));
+    SmallVector<int64_t> selectedShape {1};
+    for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < rank; ++dim) {
+      int64_t index = fragmentIndex * rank + dim;
+      int64_t size = sizes[index];
+      if ((*strides)[index] != 1 || sourceCoordinates[dim] < 0 || size <= 0 ||
+          sourceCoordinates[dim] + size > fragmentShape[dim])
+        return blueprint.emitOpError("phase 1 fragment geometry is unsupported"), failure();
+      sliceOffsets.push_back(builder.getIndexAttr(sourceCoordinates[dim]));
+      sliceSizes.push_back(builder.getIndexAttr(size));
+      sliceStrides.push_back(builder.getIndexAttr(1));
+      selectedShape.push_back(size);
+    }
+    auto selectedType = RankedTensorType::get(selectedShape, resultType.getElementType());
+    Value selected = tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(
+        builder, loc, selectedType, sourceBlockArgs[operandIndex], sliceOffsets,
+        sliceSizes, sliceStrides);
+    SmallVector<int64_t> fragmentResultShape(selectedShape.begin() + 1,
+                                             selectedShape.end());
+    auto fragmentType = RankedTensorType::get(fragmentResultShape,
+                                              resultType.getElementType());
+    SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> reassociation {{0, 1}};
+    for (int64_t dim = 1; dim < rank; ++dim)
+      reassociation.push_back({dim + 1});
+    Value fragment = tensor::CollapseShapeOp::create(
+        builder, loc, fragmentType, selected, reassociation);
+    SmallVector<OpFoldResult> targetOffsets, targetSizes, targetStrides;
+    for (int64_t dim = 0; dim < rank; ++dim) {
+      int64_t index = fragmentIndex * rank + dim;
+      targetOffsets.push_back(builder.getIndexAttr(offsets[index]));
+      targetSizes.push_back(builder.getIndexAttr(sizes[index]));
+      targetStrides.push_back(builder.getIndexAttr((*strides)[index]));
+    }
+    result = tensor::InsertSliceOp::create(builder, loc, fragment, result,
+                                           targetOffsets, targetSizes,
+                                           targetStrides);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+static FailureOr<Value> buildIndexSwitchSelection(OpBuilder &builder, Location loc,
+                                                  Value selector, ValueRange candidates,
+                                                  Operation *diagnosticOwner) {
+  if (candidates.empty())
+    return diagnosticOwner->emitOpError("direct selection requires at least one candidate"), failure();
+  Type type = candidates.front().getType();
+  if (llvm::any_of(candidates, [&](Value candidate) { return candidate.getType() != type; }))
+    return diagnosticOwner->emitOpError("direct selection requires identical candidate types"), failure();
+  if (candidates.size() == 1)
+    return candidates.front();
+
+  SmallVector<int64_t> cases;
+  for (int64_t index = 0; index < static_cast<int64_t>(candidates.size()) - 1; ++index)
+    cases.push_back(index);
+  auto selection = scf::IndexSwitchOp::create(
+    builder, loc, TypeRange {type}, selector, cases, cases.size());
+  auto buildYield = [&](Region &region, Value candidate) {
+    OpBuilder::InsertionGuard guard(builder);
+    Block *block = builder.createBlock(&region);
+    builder.setInsertionPointToEnd(block);
+    scf::YieldOp::create(builder, loc, candidate);
+  };
+  for (auto [region, candidate] : llvm::zip(selection.getCaseRegions(), candidates.drop_back()))
+    buildYield(region, candidate);
+  // The scheduled-lane verifier guarantees an in-range selector, so default is
+  // the final lane without an otherwise-unreachable extra branch.
+  buildYield(selection.getDefaultRegion(), candidates.back());
+  return selection.getResult(0);
+}
+
+static FailureOr<Value> buildSelectedDeferredSource(OpBuilder &builder, Location loc,
+                                                    SpatDeferredCommunicationOp transfer,
+                                                    Value scheduledLane,
+                                                    ValueRange sourceBlockArgs,
+                                                    ArrayRef<int64_t> sourceOperandForScheduledLane) {
+  if (sourceBlockArgs.size() == 1)
+    return sourceBlockArgs.front();
+  if (!scheduledLane || sourceOperandForScheduledLane.empty())
+    return transfer.emitOpError("multiple deferred sources require the enclosing scheduled lane"), failure();
+  auto scheduled = transfer->getParentOfType<SpatScheduledComputeBatch>();
+  if (!scheduled || sourceOperandForScheduledLane.size() != static_cast<size_t>(scheduled.getLaneCount()))
+    return transfer.emitOpError("deferred source mapping must cover every scheduled lane"), failure();
+  SmallVector<Value> candidates;
+  candidates.reserve(sourceOperandForScheduledLane.size());
+  for (int64_t sourceIndex : sourceOperandForScheduledLane) {
+    if (sourceIndex < 0 || sourceIndex >= static_cast<int64_t>(sourceBlockArgs.size()))
+      return transfer.emitOpError("deferred source mapping operand is out of range"), failure();
+    candidates.push_back(sourceBlockArgs[sourceIndex]);
+  }
+  return buildIndexSwitchSelection(builder, loc, scheduledLane, candidates, transfer.getOperation());
+}
+
+static bool isDeferredPayloadCandidateOp(Operation *op) {
+  return isShapingOnlyOp(op) || isCompileTimeOp(op) || isPureIndexComputationOp(op);
+}
+
+static bool isTopLevelDeferredOperation(Operation *op, Block &body,
+                                        const DeferredInputPlan &plan) {
+  (void)plan;
+  return op->getBlock() == &body
+      && (isDeferredPayloadCandidateOp(op) || isa<scf::ForOp>(op));
+}
+
+static bool isEligible(Value value, Block &body, const DeferredInputPlan &plan,
+                       llvm::SmallPtrSetImpl<Operation *> &seen) {
+  if (value == plan.graphInput || value == plan.graphLane || value == plan.scheduledLane)
+    return true;
+  auto arg = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(value);
+  if (arg)
+    return false;
+  Operation *op = value.getDefiningOp();
+  if (op && op->hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>())
+    return true;
+  if (!op || !isTopLevelDeferredOperation(op, body, plan) || !seen.insert(op).second)
+    return op && seen.contains(op);
+  return llvm::all_of(op->getOperands(), [&](Value operand) { return isEligible(operand, body, plan, seen); });
+}
+
+static FailureOr<Value> clonePayloadRoot(Value root, Block &body, const DeferredInputPlan &plan,
+                                         OpBuilder &builder, SpatDeferredCommunicationOp transfer,
+                                         Value selectedSource, Value boundGraphLane) {
+  IRMapping mapping;
+  mapping.map(plan.graphInput, selectedSource);
+  std::function<FailureOr<Value>(Value)> cloneScheduledLane = [&](Value value) -> FailureOr<Value> {
+    if (mapping.contains(value)) return mapping.lookup(value);
+    if (value == plan.scheduledLane) return value;
+    if (isa<BlockArgument>(value))
+      return transfer.emitOpError("phase 1 payload shaping captures an unsupported block argument"), failure();
+    Operation *op = value.getDefiningOp();
+    if (!op || (!isDeferredPayloadCandidateOp(op) && !op->hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>()))
+      return transfer.emitOpError("phase 1 cannot clone the scheduled graph-lane expression"), failure();
+    for (Value operand : op->getOperands()) if (failed(cloneScheduledLane(operand))) return failure();
+    Operation *copy = builder.clone(*op, mapping);
+    for (auto pair : llvm::zip(op->getResults(), copy->getResults())) mapping.map(std::get<0>(pair), std::get<1>(pair));
+    return mapping.lookup(value);
+  };
+  std::function<FailureOr<Value>(Value)> clone = [&](Value value) -> FailureOr<Value> {
+    if (mapping.contains(value)) return mapping.lookup(value);
+    if (value == plan.graphLane) {
+      auto mappedLane = cloneScheduledLane(boundGraphLane ? boundGraphLane : plan.scheduledGraphLane);
+      if (failed(mappedLane)) return failure();
+      mapping.map(value, *mappedLane);
+      return *mappedLane;
+    }
+    if (isa<BlockArgument>(value))
+      return transfer.emitOpError("phase 1 payload shaping captures an unsupported block argument"), failure();
+    Operation *op = value.getDefiningOp();
+    if (!op || (!isTopLevelDeferredOperation(op, body, plan) && !op->hasTrait<OpTrait::ConstantLike>()))
+      return transfer.emitOpError("phase 1 payload shaping contains an unsupported operation"), failure();
+    for (Value operand : op->getOperands()) if (failed(clone(operand))) return failure();
+    Operation *copy = builder.clone(*op, mapping);
+    for (auto pair : llvm::zip(op->getResults(), copy->getResults())) mapping.map(std::get<0>(pair), std::get<1>(pair));
+    return mapping.lookup(value);
+  };
+  return clone(root);
+}
+
+static bool dependsOnGraphLane(Value value, Value graphLane, Block &body,
+                               const DeferredInputPlan &plan,
+                               llvm::SmallPtrSetImpl<Operation *> &seen) {
+  if (value == graphLane)
+    return true;
+  Operation *op = value.getDefiningOp();
+  if (!op || !isTopLevelDeferredOperation(op, body, plan) || !seen.insert(op).second)
+    return false;
+  if (auto loop = dyn_cast<scf::ForOp>(op)) {
+    bool depends = false;
+    loop.getRegion().walk([&](Operation *nested) {
+      depends |= llvm::is_contained(nested->getOperands(), graphLane);
+    });
+    if (depends)
+      return true;
+  }
+  return llvm::any_of(op->getOperands(), [&](Value operand) {
+    return dependsOnGraphLane(operand, graphLane, body, plan, seen);
+  });
+}
+
+static void collectClosure(Value value, Block &body, const DeferredInputPlan &plan,
+                           llvm::SmallPtrSetImpl<Operation *> &ops) {
+  Operation *op = value.getDefiningOp();
+  if (!op || !isTopLevelDeferredOperation(op, body, plan) || !ops.insert(op).second) return;
+  if (auto loop = dyn_cast<scf::ForOp>(op))
+    loop.getRegion().walk([&](Operation *nested) { ops.insert(nested); });
+  for (Value operand : op->getOperands())
+    if (operand != plan.graphInput && operand != plan.graphLane) collectClosure(operand, body, plan, ops);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+bool isDeferredFragmentAssemblyInput(
+    Value input, const ComputeInstance &consumerInstance) {
+  auto blueprint = input.getDefiningOp<SpatBlueprintOp>();
+  if (!blueprint || blueprint.getMode() != "fragment_assembly")
+    return false;
+  return llvm::all_of(getBlueprintFragments(blueprint), [&](Value fragment) {
+    return getProducerValueRef(fragment, &consumerInstance).has_value();
+  });
+}
+
+LogicalResult prepareSingleCpuInput(OpBuilder &, Location loc, Value input, BlockArgument graphInput,
+                                    const ComputeInstance &consumerInstance, const MergeScheduleResult &,
+                                    ValueRange scheduledInputs, Block &block, unsigned firstInputArgument,
+                                    ArrayRef<ProducerValueKey> carriedKeys, Value graphLane, Value scheduledGraphLane,
+                                    DeferredInputPlan &plan) {
+  plan = {graphInput, {}, {}, {}, graphLane, scheduledGraphLane, {}, {}, {}, {}, 1, nullptr};
+  if (isDeferredFragmentAssemblyInput(input, consumerInstance)) {
+    plan.blueprint = input.getDefiningOp<SpatBlueprintOp>();
+    plan.originalSources = getBlueprintFragments(plan.blueprint);
+    return success();
+  }
+  auto producer = getProducerValueRef(input, &consumerInstance);
+  if (!producer) { plan.availableValue = getBlockOperand(block, scheduledInputs, input, firstInputArgument); return success(); }
+  ProducerValueKey key {producer->instance, producer->resultIndex};
+  auto carried = llvm::find(carriedKeys, key);
+  if (carried != carriedKeys.end()) {
+    plan.availableValue = block.getArgument(firstInputArgument + scheduledInputs.size() + std::distance(carriedKeys.begin(), carried));
+    return success();
+  }
+  auto source = getOriginalProducerValue(*producer);
+  if (failed(source)) return emitError(loc) << "cannot resolve original graph producer value";
+  plan.originalSources.push_back(*source);
+  return success();
+}
+
+LogicalResult prepareMultiCpuTupleInput(OpBuilder &, Location loc, Value input, BlockArgument graphInput,
+                                        const ComputeStepTuple &tuple, const PeftClassPlan &,
+                                        const MergeScheduleResult &, ValueRange scheduledInputs, Block &block,
+                                        unsigned firstInputArgument, Value graphLane, Value scheduledGraphLane, Value scheduledLane,
+                                        DeferredInputPlan &plan) {
+  const ComputeInstance &representative = tuple.instances.front();
+  plan = {graphInput, {}, {}, {}, graphLane, scheduledGraphLane, scheduledLane, {}, {}, {}, 1, nullptr};
+  if (isDeferredFragmentAssemblyInput(input, representative)) {
+    plan.blueprint = input.getDefiningOp<SpatBlueprintOp>();
+    plan.originalSources = getBlueprintFragments(plan.blueprint);
+    return success();
+  }
+  auto producer = getProducerValueRef(input, &representative);
+  if (!producer) { plan.availableValue = getBlockOperand(block, scheduledInputs, input, firstInputArgument); return success(); }
+  auto inputs = getComputeInstanceInputs(representative);
+  auto it = llvm::find(inputs, input);
+  if (it == inputs.end()) return emitError(loc) << "cannot resolve scheduled batch step input";
+  unsigned inputIndex = std::distance(inputs.begin(), it);
+  for (const ComputeInstance &instance : tuple.instances) {
+    auto laneInputs = getComputeInstanceInputs(instance);
+    if (inputIndex >= laneInputs.size()) return emitError(loc) << "scheduled batch step input out of range";
+    auto laneProducer = getProducerValueRef(laneInputs[inputIndex], &instance);
+    if (!laneProducer) return emitError(loc) << "scheduled batch step mixes host and producer inputs";
+    auto source = getOriginalProducerValue(*laneProducer);
+    if (failed(source)) return emitError(loc) << "cannot resolve original graph producer value";
+    auto sourceIt = llvm::find(plan.originalSources, *source);
+    if (sourceIt == plan.originalSources.end()) { plan.sourceOperandForScheduledLane.push_back(plan.originalSources.size()); plan.originalSources.push_back(*source); }
+    else plan.sourceOperandForScheduledLane.push_back(std::distance(plan.originalSources.begin(), sourceIt));
+  }
+  return success();
+}
+
+LogicalResult materializeDeferredPayloadDemands(OpBuilder &builder, Location loc, Block &body,
+                                                 ArrayRef<DeferredInputPlan> plans, IRMapping &mapper,
+                                                 llvm::SmallPtrSetImpl<Operation *> &absorbed) {
+  for (const DeferredInputPlan &plan : plans) {
+    if (plan.availableValue) { mapper.map(plan.graphInput, plan.availableValue); continue; }
+    SmallVector<Value> roots;
+    bool needsIdentity = false;
+    SmallVector<Value> worklist {plan.graphInput};
+    llvm::SmallDenseSet<Value, 32> seen;
+    while (!worklist.empty()) {
+      Value value = worklist.pop_back_val();
+      if (!seen.insert(value).second) continue;
+      for (OpOperand &use : value.getUses()) {
+        Operation *user = use.getOwner();
+        if (!isTopLevelDeferredOperation(user, body, plan)) { needsIdentity = true; continue; }
+        llvm::SmallPtrSet<Operation *, 16> eligibility;
+        if (!isEligible(user->getResult(0), body, plan, eligibility)) { needsIdentity = true; continue; }
+        for (Value result : user->getResults()) {
+          bool hasShapingUse = llvm::any_of(result.getUses(), [&](OpOperand &next) { return isTopLevelDeferredOperation(next.getOwner(), body, plan); });
+          bool hasOtherUse = llvm::any_of(result.getUses(), [&](OpOperand &next) { return !isTopLevelDeferredOperation(next.getOwner(), body, plan); });
+          if (hasOtherUse) roots.push_back(result);
+          if (hasShapingUse) worklist.push_back(result);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (needsIdentity) roots.push_back(plan.graphInput);
+    llvm::sort(roots, [](Value a, Value b) { return a.getAsOpaquePointer() < b.getAsOpaquePointer(); });
+    roots.erase(std::unique(roots.begin(), roots.end()), roots.end());
+    for (Value root : roots) {
+      llvm::SmallPtrSet<Operation *, 16> laneDependencies;
+      bool scalarize = plan.scalarizedGraphLaneBase
+                    && dependsOnGraphLane(root, plan.graphLane, body, plan, laneDependencies);
+      OpBuilder::InsertPoint restore = builder.saveInsertionPoint();
+      Operation *loop = nullptr;
+      if (scalarize) {
+        loop = builder.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp();
+        if (loop && !isa<scf::ForOp>(loop))
+          loop = loop->getParentOfType<scf::ForOp>();
+        if (loop)
+          builder.setInsertionPoint(loop);
+        else if (plan.scalarizedHoistBlock)
+          builder.setInsertionPointToEnd(plan.scalarizedHoistBlock);
+        else
+          return emitError(loc) << "phase 1 scalarized deferred payload is missing a hoist point";
+      }
+      SmallVector<Value> payloads;
+      unsigned count = scalarize ? plan.scalarizedLaneCount : 1;
+      for (unsigned offset = 0; offset < count; ++offset) {
+      auto transfer = SpatDeferredCommunicationOp::create(builder, loc, root.getType(), plan.originalSources);
+      Block *deferred = builder.createBlock(&transfer.getBody(), transfer.getBody().end(),
+        TypeRange {transfer.getSources().getTypes()}, SmallVector<Location>(transfer.getSources().size(), loc));
+      builder.setInsertionPointToStart(deferred);
+      auto selected = plan.blueprint
+                        ? buildBlueprintReconstruction(builder, loc, plan.blueprint,
+                                                       deferred->getArguments())
+                        : buildSelectedDeferredSource(builder, loc, transfer,
+                                                      plan.scheduledLane,
+                                                      deferred->getArguments(),
+                                                      plan.sourceOperandForScheduledLane);
+      if (failed(selected)) return failure();
+      Value boundGraphLane;
+      if (scalarize) {
+        boundGraphLane = affineAddConst(
+          builder, loc, plan.scalarizedGraphLaneBase, offset, transfer.getOperation());
+      }
+      auto payload = clonePayloadRoot(root, body, plan, builder, transfer, *selected, boundGraphLane);
+      if (failed(payload)) return failure();
+      SpatYieldOp::create(builder, loc, *payload);
+      payloads.push_back(transfer.getOutput());
+      builder.setInsertionPointAfter(transfer);
+      }
+      if (scalarize) {
+        builder.restoreInsertionPoint(restore);
+        auto selected = buildIndexSwitchSelection(
+          builder, loc, plan.scalarizedLocalLane, payloads, root.getDefiningOp());
+        if (failed(selected)) return failure();
+        mapper.map(root, *selected);
+      } else {
+        mapper.map(root, payloads.front());
+      }
+      collectClosure(root, body, plan, absorbed);
+    }
+  }
+  SmallVector<Operation *> notFullyAbsorbed;
+  for (Operation *op : absorbed) {
+    bool allResultsMapped = llvm::all_of(op->getResults(), [&](Value result) {
+      return mapper.contains(result) || llvm::all_of(result.getUses(), [&](OpOperand &use) { return absorbed.contains(use.getOwner()); });
+    });
+    if (!allResultsMapped)
+      notFullyAbsorbed.push_back(op);
+  }
+  for (Operation *op : notFullyAbsorbed)
+    absorbed.erase(op);
+  return success();
+}
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir::spatial

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/DeferredCommunicationPlanning.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ScheduledComputePlan.hpp"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+namespace spatial {
+
+// A graph input is either already available in the scheduled block, or is a
+// graph result whose individual deterministic payloads are materialized later.
+struct DeferredInputPlan {
+  BlockArgument graphInput;
+  Value availableValue;
+  SmallVector<Value> originalSources;
+  SmallVector<int64_t> sourceOperandForScheduledLane;
+  Value graphLane;
+  Value scheduledGraphLane;
+  Value scheduledLane;
+  SpatBlueprintOp blueprint;
+  Value scalarizedLocalLane;
+  Value scalarizedGraphLaneBase;
+  int64_t scalarizedLaneCount = 1;
+  Block *scalarizedHoistBlock = nullptr;
+};
+
+bool isDeferredFragmentAssemblyInput(Value input,
+                                     const ComputeInstance &consumerInstance);
+
+LogicalResult prepareSingleCpuInput(OpBuilder &builder, Location loc, Value input,
+                                    BlockArgument graphInput,
+                                    const ComputeInstance &consumerInstance,
+                                    const MergeScheduleResult &schedule,
+                                    ValueRange scheduledInputs, Block &block,
+                                    unsigned firstInputArgument,
+                                    ArrayRef<ProducerValueKey> carriedKeys,
+                                    Value graphLane, Value scheduledGraphLane,
+                                    DeferredInputPlan &plan);
+
+LogicalResult prepareMultiCpuTupleInput(OpBuilder &builder, Location loc, Value input,
+                                        BlockArgument graphInput,
+                                        const ComputeStepTuple &stepTuple,
+                                        const PeftClassPlan &peftClassPlan,
+                                        const MergeScheduleResult &schedule,
+                                        ValueRange scheduledInputs, Block &block,
+                                        unsigned firstInputArgument, Value graphLane, Value scheduledGraphLane,
+                                        Value scheduledLane, DeferredInputPlan &plan);
+
+LogicalResult materializeDeferredPayloadDemands(OpBuilder &builder, Location loc,
+                                                 Block &graphBody,
+                                                 ArrayRef<DeferredInputPlan> plans,
+                                                 IRMapping &mapper,
+                                                 llvm::SmallPtrSetImpl<Operation *> &absorbed);
+
+} // namespace spatial
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/DeferredCommunicationRealization.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir::spatial {
+
+mlir::LogicalResult realizeDeferredCommunication(mlir::func::FuncOp funcOp);
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir::spatial

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/DeferredProjectionAnalysis.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,713 @@
+#include "DeferredProjectionAnalysis.hpp"
+
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Matchers.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ShapingUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/CompileTime.hpp"
+
+#include <limits>
+
+namespace onnx_mlir::spatial {
+using namespace mlir;
+namespace {
+
+static FailureOr<int64_t> getSignedInt64(IntegerAttr value) {
+  return value.getValue().isSignedIntN(64) ? FailureOr<int64_t>(value.getValue().getSExtValue())
+                                           : FailureOr<int64_t>(failure());
+}
+
+static FailureOr<int64_t> evaluate(Value value, const StaticIndexEnvironment &environment,
+                                   llvm::SmallDenseSet<Value, 16> &visiting);
+
+static FailureOr<int64_t> evaluateDenseExtract(tensor::ExtractOp extract,
+                                               const StaticIndexEnvironment &environment,
+                                               llvm::SmallDenseSet<Value, 16> &visiting) {
+  auto constant = extract.getTensor().getDefiningOp<arith::ConstantOp>();
+  auto elements = constant ? dyn_cast<DenseIntElementsAttr>(constant.getValue()) : DenseIntElementsAttr();
+  auto type = elements ? dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(elements.getType()) : RankedTensorType();
+  if (!elements || !type || !type.hasStaticShape()
+      || extract.getIndices().size() != static_cast<size_t>(type.getRank()))
+    return failure();
+  int64_t linear = 0;
+  for (auto [index, dim] : llvm::zip(extract.getIndices(), type.getShape())) {
+    auto folded = evaluate(index, environment, visiting);
+    if (failed(folded) || *folded < 0 || *folded >= dim
+        || llvm::MulOverflow(linear, dim, linear) || llvm::AddOverflow(linear, *folded, linear))
+      return failure();
+  }
+  APInt value = elements.getValues<APInt>()[linear];
+  return value.isSignedIntN(64) ? FailureOr<int64_t>(value.getSExtValue())
+                                : FailureOr<int64_t>(failure());
+}
+
+static FailureOr<int64_t> evaluate(Value value, const StaticIndexEnvironment &environment,
+                                   llvm::SmallDenseSet<Value, 16> &visiting) {
+  if (auto it = environment.bindings.find(value); it != environment.bindings.end())
+    return it->second;
+  Attribute constant;
+  if (matchPattern(value, m_Constant(&constant)))
+    if (auto integer = dyn_cast_or_null<IntegerAttr>(constant))
+      return getSignedInt64(integer);
+  if (isa<BlockArgument>(value) || !value.getDefiningOp())
+    return failure();
+  if (!visiting.insert(value).second)
+    return failure();
+  if (auto extract = value.getDefiningOp<tensor::ExtractOp>()) {
+    auto result = evaluateDenseExtract(extract, environment, visiting);
+    visiting.erase(value);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  Operation *definingOp = value.getDefiningOp();
+  if (definingOp->getNumRegions() != 0 || !isPureIndexComputationOp(definingOp)) {
+    visiting.erase(value);
+    return failure();
+  }
+  SmallVector<Attribute> operandConstants;
+  operandConstants.reserve(definingOp->getNumOperands());
+  Builder builder(definingOp->getContext());
+  for (Value operand : definingOp->getOperands()) {
+    auto folded = evaluate(operand, environment, visiting);
+    if (failed(folded)) {
+      visiting.erase(value);
+      return failure();
+    }
+    operandConstants.push_back(builder.getIntegerAttr(operand.getType(), *folded));
+  }
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> results;
+  if (failed(definingOp->fold(operandConstants, results)) || results.size() != 1) {
+    visiting.erase(value);
+    return failure();
+  }
+  FailureOr<int64_t> result = failure();
+  if (auto integer = dyn_cast<Attribute>(results.front())) {
+    if (auto attr = dyn_cast<IntegerAttr>(integer))
+      result = getSignedInt64(attr);
+  } else if (auto foldedValue = dyn_cast<Value>(results.front())) {
+    result = evaluate(foldedValue, environment, visiting);
+  }
+  visiting.erase(value);
+  return result;
+}
+
+static FailureOr<std::optional<unsigned>> sourceArgument(Value value, SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred,
+                                                          const StaticIndexEnvironment &environment) {
+  while (auto cast = value.getDefiningOp<tensor::CastOp>()) value = cast.getSource();
+  if (auto argument = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(value);
+      argument && argument.getOwner() == &deferred.getBody().front()
+      && argument.getArgNumber() < deferred.getSources().size())
+    return std::optional<unsigned>(argument.getArgNumber());
+  auto result = dyn_cast<OpResult>(value);
+  auto selection = result ? dyn_cast<scf::IndexSwitchOp>(result.getOwner()) : scf::IndexSwitchOp();
+  if (!selection || result.getResultNumber() != 0 || selection.getNumResults() != 1)
+    return std::optional<unsigned>();
+  auto selector = evaluateDeferredIndex(selection.getArg(), environment);
+  if (failed(selector))
+    return failure();
+  Region *selectedRegion = &selection.getDefaultRegion();
+  for (auto [caseValue, region] : llvm::zip(selection.getCases(), selection.getCaseRegions()))
+    if (caseValue == *selector) {
+      selectedRegion = &region;
+      break;
+    }
+  if (!selectedRegion->hasOneBlock())
+    return failure();
+  Block &block = selectedRegion->front();
+  auto yield = dyn_cast<scf::YieldOp>(block.getTerminator());
+  if (!yield || yield.getResults().size() != 1)
+    return failure();
+  for (Operation &op : block.without_terminator())
+    if (!isa<tensor::CastOp>(op))
+      return failure();
+  return sourceArgument(yield.getResults().front(), deferred, environment);
+}
+
+static SpatGraphComputeBatch graphBatchOwner(Value value) {
+  if (auto result = dyn_cast<OpResult>(value))
+    return dyn_cast<SpatGraphComputeBatch>(result.getOwner());
+  return {};
+}
+
+static Value getEnclosingScheduledLane(SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred,
+                                       SpatScheduledComputeBatch scheduled) {
+  Block *block = deferred->getBlock();
+  while (block && block->getParentOp() != scheduled) {
+    Operation *parent = block->getParentOp();
+    block = parent ? parent->getBlock() : nullptr;
+  }
+  return block && !block->empty() ? block->getArgument(0) : Value();
+}
+
+static bool isInsideDeferredLoop(Operation *op,
+                                 SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred) {
+  for (Operation *parent = op->getParentOp(); parent && parent != deferred;
+       parent = parent->getParentOp())
+    if (isa<scf::ForOp>(parent))
+      return true;
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool isAllowedStaticIndexExpression(
+    Value value, Value scheduledLane,
+    llvm::SmallDenseSet<Value, 16> &visiting) {
+  if (value == scheduledLane)
+    return true;
+  Attribute constant;
+  if (matchPattern(value, m_Constant(&constant)))
+    return true;
+  if (isa<BlockArgument>(value) || !value.getDefiningOp()
+      || !visiting.insert(value).second)
+    return false;
+  Operation *op = value.getDefiningOp();
+  bool allowed = op->getNumRegions() == 0
+      && (isPureIndexComputationOp(op) || isCompileTimeOp(op))
+      && llvm::all_of(op->getOperands(), [&](Value operand) {
+           return isAllowedStaticIndexExpression(operand, scheduledLane,
+                                                 visiting);
+         });
+  visiting.erase(value);
+  return allowed;
+}
+
+static bool isAllowedStaticIndexExpression(Value value, Value scheduledLane) {
+  llvm::SmallDenseSet<Value, 16> visiting;
+  return isAllowedStaticIndexExpression(value, scheduledLane, visiting);
+}
+
+static bool originatesFromDeferredSource(
+    Value value, SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred,
+    llvm::SmallDenseSet<Value, 16> &visited) {
+  if (!visited.insert(value).second)
+    return false;
+  if (auto argument = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(value))
+    return argument.getOwner() == &deferred.getBody().front()
+        && argument.getArgNumber() < deferred.getSources().size();
+  Operation *op = value.getDefiningOp();
+  if (!op)
+    return false;
+  if (isa<scf::IndexSwitchOp>(op) && op->getBlock() == &deferred.getBody().front())
+    return true;
+  return llvm::any_of(op->getOperands(), [&](Value operand) {
+    return originatesFromDeferredSource(operand, deferred, visited);
+  });
+}
+
+static bool originatesFromDeferredSource(
+    Value value, SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred) {
+  llvm::SmallDenseSet<Value, 16> visited;
+  return originatesFromDeferredSource(value, deferred, visited);
+}
+
+static LogicalResult verifyCanonicalSourceSelector(
+    scf::IndexSwitchOp selection, SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred,
+    Value scheduledLane, int64_t laneCount) {
+  if (selection->getBlock() != &deferred.getBody().front()
+      || selection.getNumResults() != 1
+      || !selection.getArg().getType().isIndex()
+      || !isAllowedStaticIndexExpression(selection.getArg(), scheduledLane))
+    return selection.emitOpError("is not a canonical deferred source selector");
+  if (laneCount < 2
+      || selection.getCases().size() != static_cast<size_t>(laneCount - 1)
+      || selection.getCaseRegions().size() != selection.getCases().size())
+    return selection.emitOpError(
+      "must cover every non-default scheduled lane");
+  for (auto [index, caseValue] : llvm::enumerate(selection.getCases()))
+    if (caseValue != static_cast<int64_t>(index))
+      return selection.emitOpError(
+        "must use consecutive scheduled-lane cases starting at zero");
+
+  auto verifyRegion = [&](Region &region) -> LogicalResult {
+    if (!region.hasOneBlock())
+      return selection.emitOpError("source-selector region must have one block");
+    Block &block = region.front();
+    auto yield = dyn_cast<scf::YieldOp>(block.getTerminator());
+    if (!yield || yield.getResults().size() != 1
+        || yield.getResults().front().getType() != selection.getResult(0).getType())
+      return selection.emitOpError(
+        "source-selector region must yield one exact result type");
+    for (Operation &op : block.without_terminator())
+      if (!isa<tensor::CastOp>(op))
+        return selection.emitOpError(
+          "source-selector regions may contain only tensor.cast before scf.yield");
+    Value source = yield.getResults().front();
+    while (auto cast = source.getDefiningOp<tensor::CastOp>()) {
+      if (cast->getBlock() != &block)
+        return selection.emitOpError(
+          "source-selector casts must be local to their region");
+      source = cast.getSource();
+    }
+    auto argument = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(source);
+    if (!argument || argument.getOwner() != &deferred.getBody().front()
+        || argument.getArgNumber() >= deferred.getSources().size())
+      return selection.emitOpError(
+        "source-selector branch must resolve to a deferred source argument");
+    return success();
+  };
+  for (Region &region : selection.getCaseRegions())
+    if (failed(verifyRegion(region)))
+      return failure();
+  return verifyRegion(selection.getDefaultRegion());
+}
+
+static bool valueDependsOnAny(
+    Value value, const llvm::SmallDenseSet<Value, 16> &dependencies,
+    llvm::SmallDenseSet<Value, 16> &visited) {
+  if (dependencies.contains(value))
+    return true;
+  if (!visited.insert(value).second)
+    return false;
+  Operation *op = value.getDefiningOp();
+  return op && llvm::any_of(op->getOperands(), [&](Value operand) {
+    return valueDependsOnAny(operand, dependencies, visited);
+  });
+}
+
+static bool valueDependsOnAny(
+    Value value, const llvm::SmallDenseSet<Value, 16> &dependencies) {
+  llvm::SmallDenseSet<Value, 16> visited;
+  return valueDependsOnAny(value, dependencies, visited);
+}
+
+static LogicalResult specializeDeferredLoopStaticValues(
+    scf::ForOp loop, SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred,
+    const StaticIndexEnvironment &environment,
+    SpecializedDeferredProgram &program,
+    llvm::SmallDenseSet<Value, 16> dynamicIndices = {}) {
+  auto record = [&](Value value, StringRef diagnostic) -> LogicalResult {
+    auto folded = evaluateDeferredIndex(value, environment);
+    if (failed(folded))
+      return deferred.emitOpError(diagnostic);
+    program.staticValues.try_emplace(value, *folded);
+    return success();
+  };
+  auto step = evaluateDeferredIndex(loop.getStep(), environment);
+  if (failed(record(loop.getLowerBound(),
+                    "deferred shaping loop lower bound did not specialize"))
+      || failed(record(loop.getUpperBound(),
+                       "deferred shaping loop upper bound did not specialize"))
+      || failed(step) || *step <= 0)
+    return deferred.emitOpError(
+      "deferred shaping loop requires specialized bounds and a positive step");
+  program.staticValues.try_emplace(loop.getStep(), *step);
+
+  dynamicIndices.insert(loop.getInductionVar());
+  for (Operation &nested : loop.getBody()->without_terminator()) {
+    if (auto nestedLoop = dyn_cast<scf::ForOp>(nested)) {
+      if (failed(specializeDeferredLoopStaticValues(
+            nestedLoop, deferred, environment, program, dynamicIndices)))
+        return failure();
+      continue;
+    }
+    for (Value operand : nested.getOperands()) {
+      if ((!operand.getType().isIndex()
+           && !isa<IntegerType>(operand.getType()))
+          || valueDependsOnAny(operand, dynamicIndices))
+        continue;
+      if (failed(record(operand,
+                        "deferred shaping loop captured an index that did not specialize")))
+        return failure();
+    }
+  }
+  return success();
+}
+
+static FailureOr<std::optional<DeferredInsertAssembly>>
+analyzeDeferredInsertAssembly(
+    const SpecializedDeferredProgram &program,
+    const StaticIndexEnvironment &environment) {
+  auto finalInsert = program.yieldedValue.getDefiningOp<tensor::InsertSliceOp>();
+  if (!finalInsert || program.leaves.empty())
+    return std::optional<DeferredInsertAssembly>();
+
+  DenseMap<Value, unsigned> leafByRoot;
+  for (auto [leafIndex, leaf] : llvm::enumerate(program.leaves)) {
+    if (leaf.physicalSlots.size() != 1
+        || !leafByRoot.try_emplace(leaf.replacementRoot, leafIndex).second)
+      return std::optional<DeferredInsertAssembly>();
+  }
+
+  SmallPtrSet<Operation *, 32> consumed;
+  SmallVector<DeferredInsertAssemblyEntry> reverseEntries;
+  llvm::SmallDenseSet<unsigned, 16> insertedLeaves;
+  Value current = program.yieldedValue;
+  while (auto insert = current.getDefiningOp<tensor::InsertSliceOp>()) {
+    Value source = insert.getSource();
+    SmallVector<Operation *> rankShaping;
+    while (Operation *shape = source.getDefiningOp()) {
+      if (auto collapse = dyn_cast<tensor::CollapseShapeOp>(shape))
+        source = collapse.getSrc();
+      else if (auto expand = dyn_cast<tensor::ExpandShapeOp>(shape))
+        source = expand.getSrc();
+      else
+        break;
+      rankShaping.push_back(shape);
+    }
+    auto leafIt = leafByRoot.find(source);
+    if (leafIt == leafByRoot.end()
+        || !insertedLeaves.insert(leafIt->second).second)
+      return std::optional<DeferredInsertAssembly>();
+
+    DeferredInsertAssemblyEntry entry;
+    entry.leafIndex = leafIt->second;
+    entry.requirementIndex = leafIt->second;
+    auto foldGeometry = [&](ArrayRef<OpFoldResult> values,
+                            SmallVectorImpl<int64_t> &folded) {
+      for (OpFoldResult value : values) {
+        auto result = evaluateDeferredIndex(value, environment);
+        if (failed(result))
+          return failure();
+        folded.push_back(*result);
+      }
+      return success();
+    };
+    if (failed(foldGeometry(insert.getMixedOffsets(),
+                            entry.targetGeometry.offsets))
+        || failed(foldGeometry(insert.getMixedSizes(),
+                               entry.targetGeometry.sizes))
+        || failed(foldGeometry(insert.getMixedStrides(),
+                               entry.targetGeometry.strides)))
+      return std::optional<DeferredInsertAssembly>();
+    reverseEntries.push_back(std::move(entry));
+    consumed.insert(insert);
+    consumed.insert(rankShaping.begin(), rankShaping.end());
+    current = insert.getDest();
+  }
+
+  auto initial = current.getDefiningOp<tensor::EmptyOp>();
+  auto resultType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(program.yieldedValue.getType());
+  if (!initial || !initial.getDynamicSizes().empty() || !resultType
+      || !resultType.hasStaticShape() || initial.getType() != resultType
+      || insertedLeaves.size() != program.leaves.size())
+    return std::optional<DeferredInsertAssembly>();
+  consumed.insert(initial);
+
+  for (const DeferredInsertAssemblyEntry &entry : reverseEntries) {
+    const StaticSliceGeometry &geometry = entry.targetGeometry;
+    if (geometry.offsets.size() != static_cast<size_t>(resultType.getRank())
+        || geometry.sizes.size() != geometry.offsets.size()
+        || geometry.strides.size() != geometry.offsets.size())
+      return std::optional<DeferredInsertAssembly>();
+    for (auto [offset, size, stride, dim] :
+         llvm::zip_equal(geometry.offsets, geometry.sizes,
+                         geometry.strides, resultType.getShape())) {
+      int64_t span = 0;
+      int64_t last = 0;
+      if (offset < 0 || size <= 0 || stride <= 0
+          || llvm::MulOverflow(size - 1, stride, span)
+          || llvm::AddOverflow(offset, span, last) || last >= dim)
+        return std::optional<DeferredInsertAssembly>();
+    }
+  }
+  if (llvm::any_of(program.residualOps,
+                   [&](Operation *op) { return !consumed.contains(op); })
+      || consumed.size() != program.residualOps.size())
+    return std::optional<DeferredInsertAssembly>();
+
+  DeferredInsertAssembly assembly;
+  assembly.initialValue = initial;
+  assembly.resultType = resultType;
+  assembly.entries.assign(reverseEntries.rbegin(), reverseEntries.rend());
+  return std::optional<DeferredInsertAssembly>(std::move(assembly));
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+LogicalResult verifyDeferredProgramContract(
+    SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred) {
+  if (!deferred.getBody().hasOneBlock())
+    return deferred.emitOpError("deferred program must have exactly one body block");
+  Block &body = deferred.getBody().front();
+  auto terminator = dyn_cast<SpatYieldOp>(body.getTerminator());
+  if (!terminator || terminator.getOutputs().size() != 1)
+    return deferred.emitOpError(
+      "deferred program must have exactly one yielded value");
+
+  Value scheduledLane;
+  int64_t laneCount = 1;
+  if (auto scheduled = deferred->getParentOfType<SpatScheduledComputeBatch>()) {
+    scheduledLane = getEnclosingScheduledLane(deferred, scheduled);
+    laneCount = scheduled.getLaneCount();
+    if (!scheduledLane || laneCount <= 0)
+      return deferred.emitOpError(
+        "deferred program cannot locate a valid enclosing scheduled lane");
+  }
+
+  bool invalid = false;
+  WalkResult result = deferred.getBody().walk([&](Operation *op) {
+    if (invalid)
+      return WalkResult::interrupt();
+    auto reject = [&](StringRef message) {
+      op->emitOpError(message);
+      invalid = true;
+      return WalkResult::interrupt();
+    };
+
+    if (auto yield = dyn_cast<SpatYieldOp>(op)) {
+      if (op != body.getTerminator())
+        return reject("must be the unique top-level deferred terminator");
+      return WalkResult::advance();
+    }
+    if (auto yield = dyn_cast<scf::YieldOp>(op)) {
+      Operation *parent = op->getParentOp();
+      if (!parent || !isa<scf::ForOp, scf::IndexSwitchOp>(parent)
+          || op != op->getBlock()->getTerminator())
+        return reject("is not a valid deferred control-flow terminator");
+      return WalkResult::advance();
+    }
+    if (auto selection = dyn_cast<scf::IndexSwitchOp>(op)) {
+      if (failed(verifyCanonicalSourceSelector(
+            selection, deferred, scheduledLane, laneCount))) {
+        invalid = true;
+        return WalkResult::interrupt();
+      }
+      return WalkResult::advance();
+    }
+    if (auto loop = dyn_cast<scf::ForOp>(op)) {
+      auto isStaticRankedTensor = [](Type type) {
+        auto tensor = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(type);
+        return tensor && tensor.hasStaticShape();
+      };
+      if (!llvm::all_of(loop.getInitArgs(), [&](Value value) {
+            return isStaticRankedTensor(value.getType());
+          })
+          || !llvm::all_of(loop.getResultTypes(), isStaticRankedTensor))
+        return reject(
+          "requires static ranked tensor iter arguments and results");
+      auto yield = dyn_cast<scf::YieldOp>(loop.getBody()->getTerminator());
+      if (!yield || yield.getResults().getTypes() != loop.getResultTypes())
+        return reject("yield types must exactly match loop result types");
+      for (Value bound : {loop.getLowerBound(), loop.getUpperBound(),
+                          loop.getStep()})
+        if (!isAllowedStaticIndexExpression(bound, scheduledLane))
+          return reject(
+            "bounds must use only constants, the scheduled lane, and pure index computation");
+      for (int64_t lane = 0; lane < laneCount; ++lane) {
+        StaticIndexEnvironment environment;
+        if (scheduledLane)
+          environment.bindings[scheduledLane] = lane;
+        auto lower = evaluateDeferredIndex(loop.getLowerBound(), environment);
+        auto upper = evaluateDeferredIndex(loop.getUpperBound(), environment);
+        auto step = evaluateDeferredIndex(loop.getStep(), environment);
+        if (failed(lower) || failed(upper) || failed(step) || *step <= 0)
+          return reject(
+            "bounds must specialize for every scheduled lane with a positive step");
+      }
+      return WalkResult::advance();
+    }
+    if (op->getNumRegions() != 0)
+      return reject("unsupported region operation in deferred program");
+    if (!isShapingOnlyOp(op) && !isCompileTimeOp(op)
+        && !isPureIndexComputationOp(op))
+      return reject(
+        "deferred program permits only shaping, compile-time, or pure index operations");
+
+    for (Value operand : op->getOperands()) {
+      if (auto argument = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(operand)) {
+        Operation *owner = argument.getOwner()->getParentOp();
+        bool local = owner == deferred
+            || (owner && deferred->isAncestor(owner));
+        if (!local && operand != scheduledLane)
+          return reject("captures an unsupported external block argument");
+      }
+      if (isInsideDeferredLoop(op, deferred)
+          && originatesFromDeferredSource(operand, deferred))
+        return reject(
+          "deferred source projection must remain outside residual loops");
+    }
+    return WalkResult::advance();
+  });
+  return success(!invalid && !result.wasInterrupted());
+}
+
+FailureOr<int64_t> evaluateDeferredIndex(Value value, const StaticIndexEnvironment &environment) {
+  llvm::SmallDenseSet<Value, 16> visiting;
+  return evaluate(value, environment, visiting);
+}
+FailureOr<int64_t> evaluateDeferredIndex(OpFoldResult value, const StaticIndexEnvironment &environment) {
+  if (auto attr = dyn_cast<Attribute>(value))
+    if (auto integer = dyn_cast<IntegerAttr>(attr)) return getSignedInt64(integer);
+  if (auto dynamic = dyn_cast<Value>(value)) return evaluateDeferredIndex(dynamic, environment);
+  return failure();
+}
+
+FailureOr<std::optional<ResolvedDeferredSource>> tryResolveDeferredSource(Value value, SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred,
+                                                                           const StaticIndexEnvironment &environment) {
+  auto index = sourceArgument(value, deferred, environment);
+  if (failed(index))
+    return failure();
+  if (!*index)
+    return std::optional<ResolvedDeferredSource>();
+  return std::optional<ResolvedDeferredSource>(ResolvedDeferredSource {**index, deferred.getSources()[**index]});
+}
+
+FailureOr<ResolvedDeferredSource> requireResolvedDeferredSource(Value value, SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred,
+                                                                 const StaticIndexEnvironment &environment) {
+  auto source = tryResolveDeferredSource(value, deferred, environment);
+  if (failed(source) || !*source)
+    return deferred.emitOpError("cannot statically resolve deferred source selection"), failure();
+  return **source;
+}
+
+FailureOr<SpecializedDeferredProgram> analyzeDeferredProgram(SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred,
+                                                              std::optional<unsigned> targetScheduledLane) {
+  // The Phase 1 verifier must establish the deferred-program contract once;
+  // this analysis only specializes lane-dependent static semantics.
+  Block &body = deferred.getBody().front();
+  auto yield = dyn_cast<SpatYieldOp>(body.getTerminator());
+  if (!yield || yield.getOutputs().size() != 1)
+    return deferred.emitOpError("requires exactly one deferred yielded value"), failure();
+  StaticIndexEnvironment environment;
+  if (auto scheduled = deferred->getParentOfType<SpatScheduledComputeBatch>()) {
+    if (!targetScheduledLane) return deferred.emitOpError("scheduled-batch deferred program requires lane specialization"), failure();
+    Value scheduledLane = getEnclosingScheduledLane(deferred, scheduled);
+    if (!scheduledLane)
+      return deferred.emitOpError("cannot locate the enclosing scheduled lane"), failure();
+    environment.bindings[scheduledLane] = *targetScheduledLane;
+  } else if (targetScheduledLane) return deferred.emitOpError("scalar deferred program cannot have a target lane"), failure();
+  SpecializedDeferredProgram program;
+  program.deferred = deferred;
+  program.targetScheduledLane = targetScheduledLane;
+  if (auto scheduled = deferred->getParentOfType<SpatScheduledComputeBatch>())
+    program.scheduledLane = getEnclosingScheduledLane(deferred, scheduled);
+  program.yieldedValue = yield.getOutputs().front();
+  llvm::SmallDenseSet<Value, 32> visited;
+  std::function<LogicalResult(Value)> visit = [&](Value value) -> LogicalResult {
+    if (!visited.insert(value).second) return success();
+    // A graph-batch projection is semantically different from the canonical
+    // source-selector scaffold even though both contain extract/collapse ops.
+    if (auto slice = value.getDefiningOp<tensor::ExtractSliceOp>()) {
+      auto source = tryResolveDeferredSource(slice.getSource(), deferred, environment);
+      if (failed(source)) return failure();
+      if (*source && graphBatchOwner((*source)->selectedValue)) {
+        auto type = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>((*source)->selectedValue.getType());
+        auto result = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(slice.getResult().getType());
+        if (!type || !result || type.getRank() == 0) return deferred.emitOpError("graph projection requires ranked tensors");
+        auto offset = evaluateDeferredIndex(slice.getMixedOffsets().front(), environment);
+        if (failed(offset)) return deferred.emitOpError("graph projection leading offset is not statically resolvable");
+        auto size = evaluateDeferredIndex(slice.getMixedSizes().front(), environment);
+        if (failed(size)) return deferred.emitOpError("graph projection leading size is not statically resolvable");
+        auto stride = evaluateDeferredIndex(slice.getMixedStrides().front(), environment);
+        if (failed(stride)) return deferred.emitOpError("graph projection leading stride is not statically resolvable");
+        if (*offset < 0) return deferred.emitOpError("graph projection leading offset is negative");
+        if (*size <= 0) return deferred.emitOpError("graph projection leading size must be positive");
+        if (*stride <= 0) return deferred.emitOpError("graph projection leading stride must be positive");
+        DeferredProjectionLeaf leaf;
+        leaf.kind = DeferredLeafKind::GraphBatchProjection; leaf.sourceOperandIndex = (*source)->sourceOperandIndex;
+        leaf.replacementRoot = value; leaf.leadingProjection = slice; leaf.reconstructedType = result;
+        for (int64_t i = 0; i < *size; ++i) {
+          int64_t slot;
+          if (llvm::MulOverflow(i, *stride, slot) || llvm::AddOverflow(*offset, slot, slot)
+              || slot >= type.getDimSize(0))
+            return deferred.emitOpError("graph projection selects a physical slot outside the batch");
+          leaf.physicalSlots.push_back(slot);
+        }
+        for (unsigned i = 1; i < type.getRank(); ++i) {
+          auto innerOffset = evaluateDeferredIndex(slice.getMixedOffsets()[i], environment);
+          auto innerSize = evaluateDeferredIndex(slice.getMixedSizes()[i], environment);
+          auto innerStride = evaluateDeferredIndex(slice.getMixedStrides()[i], environment);
+          if (failed(innerOffset) || failed(innerSize) || failed(innerStride))
+            return deferred.emitOpError("graph projection has unresolved inner geometry");
+          leaf.innerGeometry.offsets.push_back(*innerOffset); leaf.innerGeometry.sizes.push_back(*innerSize); leaf.innerGeometry.strides.push_back(*innerStride);
+        }
+        program.leaves.push_back(std::move(leaf)); return success();
+      }
+    }
+
+    auto source = tryResolveDeferredSource(value, deferred, environment);
+    if (failed(source)) return failure();
+    if (*source) {
+      auto type = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>((*source)->selectedValue.getType());
+      if (!type) return deferred.emitOpError("deferred source is not a ranked tensor");
+      DeferredProjectionLeaf leaf;
+      leaf.sourceOperandIndex = (*source)->sourceOperandIndex;
+      leaf.replacementRoot = value;
+      leaf.reconstructedType = type;
+      if (graphBatchOwner((*source)->selectedValue)) {
+        leaf.kind = DeferredLeafKind::GraphBatchIdentity;
+        for (int64_t slot = 0; slot < type.getDimSize(0); ++slot) leaf.physicalSlots.push_back(slot);
+      } else leaf.kind = DeferredLeafKind::ScalarSource;
+      program.leaves.push_back(std::move(leaf));
+      return success();
+    }
+    if (value.getType().isIndex() || isa<IntegerType>(value.getType())) {
+      auto folded = evaluateDeferredIndex(value, environment);
+      if (failed(folded))
+        return deferred.emitOpError("deferred index expression is not statically evaluable after specialization");
+      program.staticValues.try_emplace(value, *folded);
+      return success();
+    }
+    Operation *op = value.getDefiningOp();
+    if (!op || op->getBlock() != &body)
+      return deferred.emitOpError("deferred residual escapes its verified body");
+    if (auto loop = dyn_cast<scf::ForOp>(op)) {
+      if (failed(specializeDeferredLoopStaticValues(
+            loop, deferred, environment, program)))
+        return failure();
+      for (Value init : loop.getInitArgs())
+        if (failed(visit(init)))
+          return failure();
+      program.residualOps.push_back(op);
+      return success();
+    }
+    for (Value operand : op->getOperands()) if (failed(visit(operand))) return failure();
+    program.residualOps.push_back(op); return success();
+  };
+  if (failed(visit(program.yieldedValue))) return failure();
+  StaticIndexEnvironment assemblyEnvironment = environment;
+  for (auto [value, staticValue] : program.staticValues)
+    assemblyEnvironment.bindings.try_emplace(value, staticValue);
+  auto assembly = analyzeDeferredInsertAssembly(program, assemblyEnvironment);
+  if (failed(assembly))
+    return failure();
+  program.insertAssembly = std::move(*assembly);
+  return std::move(program);
+}
+
+FailureOr<const GraphBatchPublicationMap *> getGraphBatchPublicationMap(
+  SpatGraphComputeBatch graphBatch, unsigned resultIndex, GraphBatchPublicationCache &cache) {
+  GraphBatchPublicationKey key {graphBatch.getOperation(), resultIndex};
+  if (auto it = cache.find(key); it != cache.end()) return &it->second;
+  auto resultType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(graphBatch.getResult(resultIndex).getType());
+  auto output = graphBatch.getOutputArgument(resultIndex);
+  auto lane = graphBatch.getLaneArgument();
+  if (!resultType || !output || !lane || resultType.getRank() == 0)
+    return graphBatch.emitOpError("graph batch publication is malformed"), failure();
+  tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp publication;
+  auto parallel = dyn_cast<SpatInParallelOp>(graphBatch.getBody().front().getTerminator());
+  if (!parallel) return graphBatch.emitOpError("graph batch lacks publication region"), failure();
+  for (Operation &op : parallel.getRegion().front()) if (auto insert = dyn_cast<tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp>(op); insert && insert.getDest() == *output) {
+    if (publication) return graphBatch.emitOpError("graph result has multiple publications"), failure();
+    publication = insert;
+  }
+  if (!publication) return graphBatch.emitOpError("graph result lacks publication"), failure();
+  auto fragment = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(publication.getSource().getType());
+  if (!fragment || resultType.getRank() != fragment.getRank() + 1) return graphBatch.emitOpError("graph publication fragment type is invalid"), failure();
+  GraphBatchPublicationMap map;
+  map.physicalResultType = resultType;
+  map.publicationFragmentType = fragment;
+  map.graphLaneToPhysicalSlot.resize(graphBatch.getLaneCount(), -1);
+  map.physicalSlotToGraphLane.resize(resultType.getDimSize(0), -1);
+  for (int64_t index = 0; index < graphBatch.getLaneCount(); ++index) {
+    StaticIndexEnvironment environment; environment.bindings[*lane] = index;
+    auto slot = evaluateDeferredIndex(publication.getMixedOffsets().front(), environment);
+    auto size = evaluateDeferredIndex(publication.getMixedSizes().front(), environment);
+    auto stride = evaluateDeferredIndex(publication.getMixedStrides().front(), environment);
+    if (failed(slot) || failed(size) || failed(stride) || *size != 1 || *stride != 1 || *slot < 0 || *slot >= resultType.getDimSize(0))
+      return graphBatch.emitOpError("graph publication leading geometry is invalid"), failure();
+    for (unsigned dim = 1; dim < resultType.getRank(); ++dim) {
+      auto offset = evaluateDeferredIndex(publication.getMixedOffsets()[dim], environment);
+      auto extent = evaluateDeferredIndex(publication.getMixedSizes()[dim], environment);
+      auto step = evaluateDeferredIndex(publication.getMixedStrides()[dim], environment);
+      if (failed(offset) || failed(extent) || failed(step) || *offset != 0 || *extent != fragment.getDimSize(dim - 1) || *step != 1)
+        return graphBatch.emitOpError("graph publication inner geometry is invalid"), failure();
+    }
+    if (map.physicalSlotToGraphLane[*slot] != -1) return graphBatch.emitOpError("graph publication has duplicate physical slot"), failure();
+    map.graphLaneToPhysicalSlot[index] = *slot; map.physicalSlotToGraphLane[*slot] = index;
+  }
+  if (llvm::is_contained(map.physicalSlotToGraphLane, -1)) return graphBatch.emitOpError("graph publication has missing physical slot"), failure();
+  return &cache.try_emplace(key, std::move(map)).first->second;
+}
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir::spatial

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/DeferredProjectionAnalysis.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Operation.h"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
+
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir::spatial {
+
+struct StaticIndexEnvironment {
+  llvm::DenseMap<mlir::Value, int64_t> bindings;
+};
+
+mlir::FailureOr<int64_t> evaluateDeferredIndex(
+  mlir::Value value, const StaticIndexEnvironment &environment);
+mlir::FailureOr<int64_t> evaluateDeferredIndex(
+  mlir::OpFoldResult value, const StaticIndexEnvironment &environment);
+
+enum class DeferredLeafKind { ScalarSource, GraphBatchProjection, GraphBatchIdentity };
+
+struct StaticSliceGeometry {
+  llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> offsets;
+  llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> sizes;
+  llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> strides;
+};
+
+struct DeferredProjectionLeaf {
+  DeferredLeafKind kind = DeferredLeafKind::ScalarSource;
+  unsigned sourceOperandIndex = 0;
+  mlir::Value replacementRoot;
+  mlir::tensor::ExtractSliceOp leadingProjection;
+  llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> physicalSlots;
+  StaticSliceGeometry innerGeometry;
+  mlir::RankedTensorType reconstructedType;
+};
+
+struct DeferredInsertAssemblyEntry {
+  unsigned requirementIndex = 0;
+  unsigned leafIndex = 0;
+  StaticSliceGeometry targetGeometry;
+};
+
+struct DeferredInsertAssembly {
+  mlir::tensor::EmptyOp initialValue;
+  mlir::RankedTensorType resultType;
+  llvm::SmallVector<DeferredInsertAssemblyEntry, 0> entries;
+};
+
+struct SpecializedDeferredProgram {
+  SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred;
+  std::optional<unsigned> targetScheduledLane;
+  mlir::Value scheduledLane;
+  mlir::Value yieldedValue;
+  llvm::SmallVector<DeferredProjectionLeaf, 0> leaves;
+  llvm::SmallVector<mlir::Operation *> residualOps;
+  llvm::DenseMap<mlir::Value, int64_t> staticValues;
+  std::optional<DeferredInsertAssembly> insertAssembly;
+};
+
+struct ResolvedDeferredSource {
+  unsigned sourceOperandIndex = 0;
+  mlir::Value selectedValue;
+};
+
+mlir::FailureOr<std::optional<ResolvedDeferredSource>> tryResolveDeferredSource(
+  mlir::Value value, SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred,
+  const StaticIndexEnvironment &environment);
+mlir::FailureOr<ResolvedDeferredSource> requireResolvedDeferredSource(
+  mlir::Value value, SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred,
+  const StaticIndexEnvironment &environment);
+mlir::LogicalResult verifyDeferredProgramContract(
+  SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred);
+mlir::FailureOr<SpecializedDeferredProgram> analyzeDeferredProgram(
+  SpatDeferredCommunicationOp deferred,
+  std::optional<unsigned> targetScheduledLane);
+
+struct GraphBatchPublicationMap {
+  mlir::RankedTensorType physicalResultType;
+  mlir::RankedTensorType publicationFragmentType;
+  llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> graphLaneToPhysicalSlot;
+  llvm::SmallVector<int64_t> physicalSlotToGraphLane;
+};
+
+struct GraphBatchPublicationKey {
+  mlir::Operation *graphBatch = nullptr;
+  unsigned resultIndex = 0;
+  bool operator==(const GraphBatchPublicationKey &other) const {
+    return graphBatch == other.graphBatch && resultIndex == other.resultIndex;
+  }
+};
+
+using GraphBatchPublicationCache =
+  llvm::DenseMap<GraphBatchPublicationKey, GraphBatchPublicationMap>;
+
+mlir::FailureOr<const GraphBatchPublicationMap *> getGraphBatchPublicationMap(
+  SpatGraphComputeBatch graphBatch, unsigned resultIndex,
+  GraphBatchPublicationCache &cache);
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir::spatial
+
+namespace llvm {
+template <> struct DenseMapInfo<onnx_mlir::spatial::GraphBatchPublicationKey> {
+  static onnx_mlir::spatial::GraphBatchPublicationKey getEmptyKey() {
+    return {DenseMapInfo<mlir::Operation *>::getEmptyKey(), 0};
+  }
+  static onnx_mlir::spatial::GraphBatchPublicationKey getTombstoneKey() {
+    return {DenseMapInfo<mlir::Operation *>::getTombstoneKey(), 0};
+  }
+  static unsigned getHashValue(const onnx_mlir::spatial::GraphBatchPublicationKey &key) {
+    return hash_combine(key.graphBatch, key.resultIndex);
+  }
+  static bool isEqual(const onnx_mlir::spatial::GraphBatchPublicationKey &lhs,
+                      const onnx_mlir::spatial::GraphBatchPublicationKey &rhs) {
+    return lhs == rhs;
+  }
+};
+} // namespace llvm

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/MaterializeMergeSchedule.cpp.rej

@@ -1,128 +0,0 @@
---- src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/MaterializeMergeSchedule.cpp	2026-06-24 18:51:29.043731129 +0000
-+++ src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/MaterializeMergeSchedule.cpp	2026-06-24 18:51:29.026726895 +0000
-@@ -4112,104 +4112,8 @@
-                                                                 Value originalOutput,
-                                                                 Location loc);
- 
--FailureOr<SmallVector<OpFoldResult, 4>> rematerializeProjectionIndexListForBatchHostOutput(
--  MaterializerState& state,
--  MaterializedClass& sourceClass,
--  ArrayRef<OpFoldResult> values,
--  IRMapping& mapper,
--  Location loc) {
--  SmallVector<OpFoldResult, 4> localized;
--  localized.reserve(values.size());
--  for (OpFoldResult value : values) {
--    FailureOr<OpFoldResult> remapped =
--      rematerializeIndexOpFoldResultInClass(state, sourceClass, value, loc, &mapper);
--    if (failed(remapped))
--      return failure();
--    localized.push_back(*remapped);
--  }
--  return localized;
--}
--
--LogicalResult createProjectionAwareBatchHostInsert(MaterializerState& state,
--                                                  MaterializedClass& sourceClass,
--                                                  Value originalOutput,
--                                                  Value payload,
--                                                  Value destination,
--                                                  ArrayRef<ProducerKey> keys,
--                                                  Location loc) {
--  auto originalResult = dyn_cast<OpResult>(originalOutput);
--  if (!originalResult)
--    return failure();
--
--  auto sourceBatch = dyn_cast_or_null<SpatComputeBatch>(originalResult.getOwner());
--  if (!sourceBatch || sourceBatch.getNumResults() == 0)
--    return failure();
--
--  FailureOr<tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp> projection =
--    getBatchResultProjectionInsert(sourceBatch, originalResult.getResultNumber());
--  if (failed(projection))
--    return failure();
--
--  auto sourceLaneArg = sourceBatch.getLaneArgument();
--  if (!sourceLaneArg)
--    return failure();
--
--  auto materializedBatch = dyn_cast<SpatScheduledComputeBatch>(sourceClass.op);
--  if (!materializedBatch)
--    return failure();
--
--  auto materializedLaneArg = materializedBatch.getLaneArgument();
--  if (!materializedLaneArg)
--    return failure();
--
--  if (keys.size() != sourceClass.cpus.size())
--    return failure();
--
--  SmallVector<int64_t, 8> logicalLanes;
--  logicalLanes.reserve(keys.size());
--  for (ProducerKey key : keys) {
--    if (key.instance.op != sourceBatch.getOperation() || key.resultIndex != originalResult.getResultNumber())
--      return failure();
--    logicalLanes.push_back(key.instance.laneStart);
--  }
--
--  IRMapping mapper;
--  Value logicalLane = createIndexedIndexValue(state,
--                                             sourceClass.op,
--                                             ArrayRef<int64_t>(logicalLanes),
--                                             *materializedLaneArg,
--                                             loc,
--                                             static_cast<int64_t>(sourceClass.cpus.size()),
--                                             /*allowExhaustiveTiledSearch=*/false);
--  mapper.map(*sourceLaneArg, logicalLane);
--
--  FailureOr<SmallVector<OpFoldResult, 4>> offsets =
--    rematerializeProjectionIndexListForBatchHostOutput(
--      state, sourceClass, projection->getMixedOffsets(), mapper, loc);
--  if (failed(offsets))
--    return failure();
--  FailureOr<SmallVector<OpFoldResult, 4>> sizes =
--    rematerializeProjectionIndexListForBatchHostOutput(
--      state, sourceClass, projection->getMixedSizes(), mapper, loc);
--  if (failed(sizes))
--    return failure();
--  FailureOr<SmallVector<OpFoldResult, 4>> strides =
--    rematerializeProjectionIndexListForBatchHostOutput(
--      state, sourceClass, projection->getMixedStrides(), mapper, loc);
--  if (failed(strides))
--    return failure();
--
--  tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp::create(
--    state.rewriter, loc, payload, destination, *offsets, *sizes, *strides);
--  return success();
--}
--
- LogicalResult
--setHostOutputValue(MaterializerState& state,
--                   MaterializedClass& sourceClass,
--                   Value originalOutput,
--                   Value payload,
--                   ArrayRef<ProducerKey> keys = {}) {
-+setHostOutputValue(MaterializerState& state, MaterializedClass& sourceClass, Value originalOutput, Value payload) {
-   auto resultIt = sourceClass.hostOutputToResultIndex.find(originalOutput);
-   if (resultIt == sourceClass.hostOutputToResultIndex.end())
-     return sourceClass.op->emitError("missing host result slot for materialized output")
-@@ -4253,10 +4157,6 @@
-     return batch.emitOpError("expected compute_batch output block argument while materializing batch output");
- 
-   state.rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(&inParallelOp.getRegion().front());
--  if (succeeded(createProjectionAwareBatchHostInsert(
--        state, sourceClass, originalOutput, payload, *outputArg, keys, payload.getLoc())))
--    return success();
--
-   createDim0ParallelInsertSlice(state, payload.getLoc(), payload, *outputArg, *laneArg);
-   return success();
- }
-@@ -4276,7 +4176,7 @@
- 
-   MaterializedClass& ownerClass = state.classes[ownerIt->second];
-   if (sourceClass.id == ownerClass.id)
--    return setHostOutputValue(state, ownerClass, originalOutput, payload, keys);
-+    return setHostOutputValue(state, ownerClass, originalOutput, payload);
- 
-   // Keep the old deadlock-free communication discipline: only scalar-to-scalar
-   // host-owner forwarding is introduced here. Batch host publication remains on

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/MaterializeMergeSchedule.hpp

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
-#include "mlir/Support/LogicalResult.h"
-
-#include "Scheduling/MergeSchedule.hpp"
-
-namespace onnx_mlir {
-namespace spatial {
-
-class MergeScheduleMaterializer {
-public:
-  mlir::LogicalResult run(mlir::func::FuncOp func, const MergeScheduleResult& schedule, int64_t& nextChannelId);
-};
-
-} // namespace spatial
-} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/MergeComputeNodesPass.cpp

@@ -1,394 +1,126 @@
-#include "mlir/Analysis/TopologicalSortUtils.h"
-#include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/IRMapping.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/Location.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/PatternMatch.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/Region.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/Value.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/ValueRange.h"
+#include "ScheduledComputeMaterialization.hpp"
+#include "ScheduledComputeReport.hpp"
+#include "ScheduledComputeVerification.hpp"
+#include "SpatialDataflowCsvExporter.hpp"
+#include "DeferredCommunicationRealization.hpp"
+#include "DeferredCommunicationDeadlock.hpp"
+
 #include "mlir/Pass/Pass.h"
-#include "mlir/Support/LLVM.h"
 
-#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/SmallSet.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
-#include "llvm/Support/raw_os_ostream.h"
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <fstream>
-#include <memory>
-#include <optional>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "MaterializeMergeSchedule.hpp"
-#include "Scheduling/ComputeGraph.hpp"
-#include "Scheduling/ComputeInstanceUtils.hpp"
 #include "Scheduling/MergeSchedulingAnalysis.hpp"
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/CompactAsmUtils.hpp"
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/CheckedArithmetic.hpp"
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/ReportUtils.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/ONNXToSpatialVerifier.hpp"
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/DebugDump.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Pass/PIMPasses.h"
 
 using namespace mlir;
 
 namespace onnx_mlir {
+namespace spatial {
 namespace {
-using namespace onnx_mlir::compact_asm;
-using SpatCompute = spatial::SpatGraphCompute;
-using SpatComputeBatch = spatial::SpatGraphComputeBatch;
 
-static std::optional<int32_t> getComputeCoreId(spatial::SpatScheduledCompute compute) {
-  if (auto coreIdAttr = compute->getAttrOfType<IntegerAttr>(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdAttrName)) {
-    auto checkedCoreId = pim::checkedI32(coreIdAttr.getInt(), compute, "merge compute core id");
-    if (failed(checkedCoreId))
-      return std::nullopt;
-    return *checkedCoreId;
-  }
-  return std::nullopt;
-}
-
-bool isTrivialSerialMergeCandidate(SpatCompute compute) {
-  if (!compute->hasOneUse())
-    return false;
-
-  auto& use = *compute->getUses().begin();
-  auto user = dyn_cast<SpatCompute>(use.getOwner());
-  return user && user.getInputs().size() == 1 && use.getOperandNumber() >= user.getWeights().size();
-}
-
-SmallVector<size_t> appendMissingWeightsAndBuildIndexMap(SmallVectorImpl<Value>& targetWeights,
-                                                         ValueRange sourceWeights) {
-  DenseMap<Value, SmallVector<size_t, 4>> targetWeightIndices;
-  for (auto [weightIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(targetWeights))
-    targetWeightIndices[weight].push_back(weightIndex);
-
-  DenseMap<Value, size_t> usedSourceWeightOccurrences;
-  SmallVector<size_t> sourceToTargetIndex;
-  sourceToTargetIndex.reserve(sourceWeights.size());
-  for (Value weight : sourceWeights) {
-    size_t occurrence = usedSourceWeightOccurrences[weight]++;
-    auto& matchingIndices = targetWeightIndices[weight];
-    if (occurrence >= matchingIndices.size()) {
-      size_t newIndex = targetWeights.size();
-      targetWeights.push_back(weight);
-      matchingIndices.push_back(newIndex);
-      sourceToTargetIndex.push_back(newIndex);
-      continue;
-    }
-    sourceToTargetIndex.push_back(matchingIndices[occurrence]);
-  }
-  return sourceToTargetIndex;
-}
-
-void mergeTriviallyConnectedComputes(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
-  Location loc = funcOp.getLoc();
-  IRRewriter rewriter(funcOp->getContext());
-  SmallVector<SpatCompute> trivialComputes;
-  llvm::SmallSet<SpatCompute, 8> toErase;
-
-  for (auto compute : funcOp.getOps<SpatCompute>())
-    if (isTrivialSerialMergeCandidate(compute))
-      trivialComputes.push_back(compute);
-
-  while (!trivialComputes.empty()) {
-    auto compute = trivialComputes.front();
-
-    if (compute.use_empty()) {
-      std::swap(trivialComputes.front(), trivialComputes.back());
-      trivialComputes.pop_back();
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    auto& computeUse = *compute->getUses().begin();
-    auto child = cast<SpatCompute>(computeUse.getOwner());
-    auto usedResult = cast<OpResult>(computeUse.get()).getResultNumber();
-    auto childInputIndex = computeUse.getOperandNumber() - child.getWeights().size();
-
-    rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(compute.getOperation());
-    SmallVector<Value> mergedWeights(compute.getWeights().begin(), compute.getWeights().end());
-    SmallVector<size_t> childWeightToNewIndex = appendMissingWeightsAndBuildIndexMap(mergedWeights, child.getWeights());
-    SmallVector<Value> mergedInputs(compute.getInputs().begin(), compute.getInputs().end());
-    auto newCompute = SpatCompute::create(rewriter, loc, child.getResultTypes(), mergedWeights, mergedInputs);
-    Block* newBody = rewriter.createBlock(&newCompute.getBodyRegion());
-    for (Value weight : mergedWeights)
-      newBody->addArgument(weight.getType(), loc);
-    for (Value input : mergedInputs)
-      newBody->addArgument(input.getType(), loc);
-
-    IRMapping mapper;
-    for (auto [weightIndex, _] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getWeights())) {
-      auto oldWeightArg = compute.getWeightArgument(weightIndex);
-      auto newWeightArg = newCompute.getWeightArgument(weightIndex);
-      assert(oldWeightArg && newWeightArg && "expected compute weight block arguments");
-      mapper.map(*oldWeightArg, *newWeightArg);
-    }
-    for (auto [inputIndex, _] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getInputs())) {
-      auto oldInputArg = compute.getInputArgument(inputIndex);
-      auto newInputArg = newCompute.getInputArgument(inputIndex);
-      assert(oldInputArg && newInputArg && "expected compute input block arguments");
-      mapper.map(*oldInputArg, *newInputArg);
-    }
-    for (auto [oldIndex, weight] : llvm::enumerate(child.getWeights())) {
-      auto oldWeightArg = child.getWeightArgument(oldIndex);
-      auto newWeightArg = newCompute.getWeightArgument(childWeightToNewIndex[oldIndex]);
-      assert(oldWeightArg && newWeightArg && "expected child compute weight block arguments");
-      mapper.map(*oldWeightArg, *newWeightArg);
-    }
-
-    rewriter.setInsertionPointToEnd(newBody);
-    auto computeYield = cast<spatial::SpatYieldOp>(compute.getBody().front().getTerminator());
-    for (Operation& op : compute.getBody().front().without_terminator())
-      rewriter.clone(op, mapper);
-    auto childInputArg = child.getInputArgument(childInputIndex);
-    assert(childInputArg && "expected child compute input block argument");
-    mapper.map(*childInputArg, mapper.lookupOrDefault(computeYield.getOperand(usedResult)));
-
-    rewriter.setInsertionPointToEnd(newBody);
-    for (auto& op : child.getBody().front())
-      rewriter.clone(op, mapper);
-
-    child.replaceAllUsesWith(newCompute);
-    toErase.insert(child);
-
-    std::swap(trivialComputes.front(), trivialComputes.back());
-    trivialComputes.pop_back();
-    toErase.insert(compute);
-
-    if (isTrivialSerialMergeCandidate(newCompute))
-      trivialComputes.push_back(newCompute);
-  }
-
-  for (auto compute : toErase) {
-    for (Value result : compute->getResults())
-      result.dropAllUses();
-    compute.erase();
-  }
-}
-
-void generateReport(func::FuncOp funcOp, const std::string& name, size_t usedCpuCount = 0) {
-  std::fstream file = openReportFile(name);
-  if (!file.is_open())
-    return;
-  llvm::raw_os_ostream os(file);
-
-  struct ReportRow {
-    uint64_t id = 0;
-    uint64_t logicalComputeCount = 0;
-    uint64_t crossbarCount = 0;
-    uint64_t instructionCount = 0;
-    bool isRebatched = false;
-    SmallVector<int32_t> coreIds;
-  };
-
-  //TODO Used for report refactor
-  struct CollectorConcatRow {
-    uint64_t computeId = 0;
-    int32_t coreId = -1;
-    uint64_t operandCount = 0;
-  };
-
-  uint64_t totalComputeOps = 0;
-  uint64_t totalLogicalComputes = 0;
-  uint64_t totalBatchComputeOps = 0;
-  uint64_t totalInstructionCount = 0;
-  uint64_t totalCrossbarCount = 0;
-  uint64_t nextBatchId = 0;
-  //TODO Used for report refactor
-  std::vector<ReportRow> collectedData;
-  //TODO Used for report refactor
-  std::vector<CollectorConcatRow> collectorConcatRows;
-
-  auto getPerInstanceCrossbarCount = [&](Operation* op) -> uint64_t {
-    return static_cast<uint64_t>(spatial::collectDistinctCrossbarWeights(op).size());
-  };
-
-  for (Operation& op : funcOp.getBody().front()) {
-    if (auto spatCompute = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatScheduledCompute>(&op)) {
-      uint64_t numInst = spatial::countComputeBodyInstructions(spatCompute.getBody());
-      uint64_t perInstanceCrossbarCount = getPerInstanceCrossbarCount(spatCompute.getOperation());
-      SmallVector<int32_t> coreIds;
-      if (auto coreId = getComputeCoreId(spatCompute))
-        coreIds.push_back(*coreId);
-      uint64_t computeId = totalComputeOps++;
-      collectedData.push_back({computeId, 1, perInstanceCrossbarCount, numInst, false, coreIds});
-      uint64_t maxConcatOperands = 0;
-      spatCompute.getBody().walk([&](spatial::SpatConcatOp concatOp) {
-        maxConcatOperands = std::max<uint64_t>(maxConcatOperands, concatOp.getInputs().size());
-      });
-      //TODO 128 is a magic number
-      if (maxConcatOperands >= 128 && !coreIds.empty())
-        collectorConcatRows.push_back({computeId, coreIds.front(), maxConcatOperands});
-      totalLogicalComputes += 1;
-      totalInstructionCount += numInst;
-      totalCrossbarCount += perInstanceCrossbarCount;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (auto batch = dyn_cast<spatial::SpatScheduledComputeBatch>(&op)) {
-      uint64_t numInst = spatial::countComputeBodyInstructions(batch.getBody());
-      uint64_t logicalCount = static_cast<uint64_t>(batch.getLaneCount());
-      uint64_t perInstanceCrossbarCount = getPerInstanceCrossbarCount(batch.getOperation());
-      SmallVector<int32_t> coreIds;
-      if (auto coreIdsAttr = batch->getAttrOfType<DenseI32ArrayAttr>(onnx_mlir::kCoreIdsAttrName))
-        llvm::append_range(coreIds, coreIdsAttr.asArrayRef());
-      collectedData.push_back(
-        {nextBatchId++, logicalCount, perInstanceCrossbarCount * logicalCount, numInst, true, coreIds});
-      totalComputeOps += 1;
-      totalLogicalComputes += logicalCount;
-      totalBatchComputeOps += 1;
-      totalInstructionCount += numInst * logicalCount;
-      totalCrossbarCount += perInstanceCrossbarCount * logicalCount;
-    }
-  }
-
-  llvm::SmallVector<ReportField, 6> totalFields = {
-    {"Used cores",                            std::to_string(usedCpuCount)         },
-    {"Number of top-level compute ops",       std::to_string(totalComputeOps)      },
-    {"Number of logical computes",            std::to_string(totalLogicalComputes) },
-    {"Number of top-level batch compute ops", std::to_string(totalBatchComputeOps) },
-    {"Number of instructions",                std::to_string(totalInstructionCount)},
-    {"Number of used crossbars",              std::to_string(totalCrossbarCount)   }
-  };
-  printReportTotalsBlock(os, totalFields);
-  if (!collectedData.empty() || !collectorConcatRows.empty())
-    os << "\n";
-
-  if (!collectorConcatRows.empty()) {
-    os << "Collector concat materialization:\n";
-    for (const CollectorConcatRow& row : collectorConcatRows)
-      os << "\tmaterialization_kind = single_collector_concat, compute = " << row.computeId
-         << ", concat_operand_count = " << row.operandCount << ", collector_core = " << row.coreId << "\n";
-    os << "\n";
-  }
-
-  sortReportEntriesByFirstCore(collectedData);
-
-  for (uint64_t cI = 0; cI < totalComputeOps; ++cI) {
-    uint64_t lastIndex = cI;
-    ReportRow current = collectedData[cI];
-
-    for (uint64_t nI = cI + 1; nI < totalComputeOps; ++nI) {
-      ReportRow next = collectedData[nI];
-      if (current.isRebatched == next.isRebatched && current.crossbarCount == next.crossbarCount
-          && current.instructionCount == next.instructionCount
-          && current.logicalComputeCount == next.logicalComputeCount)
-        lastIndex = nI;
-      else
-        break;
-    }
-
-    if (current.isRebatched) {
-      os << "Batch ";
-      for (uint64_t index = cI; index <= lastIndex; ++index) {
-        if (index != cI)
-          os << ",\n      ";
-        os << collectedData[index].id << " (cores ";
-        if (collectedData[index].coreIds.empty())
-          os << "unknown";
-        else
-          printCompressedIntegerEntries(os, ArrayRef<int32_t>(collectedData[index].coreIds));
-        os << ")";
-      }
-    }
-    else {
-      os << "Compute ";
-      SmallVector<uint64_t> opIds;
-      opIds.reserve(lastIndex - cI + 1);
-      for (uint64_t index = cI; index <= lastIndex; ++index)
-        opIds.push_back(collectedData[index].id);
-      printCompressedIntegerEntries(os, ArrayRef<uint64_t>(opIds));
-    }
-
-    os << ":\n";
-    uint64_t perCoreLogicalComputeCount = current.isRebatched ? 1 : current.logicalComputeCount;
-    uint64_t perCoreInstructionCount = current.instructionCount;
-    uint64_t perCoreCrossbarCount =
-      current.logicalComputeCount == 0 ? 0 : current.crossbarCount / current.logicalComputeCount;
-    uint64_t totalEntryInstructionCount = current.instructionCount * current.logicalComputeCount;
-
-    llvm::SmallVector<ReportField, 3> perCoreFields = {
-      {"Number of logical computes", std::to_string(perCoreLogicalComputeCount)},
-      {"Number of instructions",     std::to_string(perCoreInstructionCount)   },
-      {"Number of used crossbars",   std::to_string(perCoreCrossbarCount)      }
-    };
-    if (current.isRebatched) {
-      llvm::SmallVector<ReportField, 3> totalEntryFields = {
-        {"Number of logical computes", std::to_string(current.logicalComputeCount)},
-        {"Number of instructions",     std::to_string(totalEntryInstructionCount) },
-        {"Number of used crossbars",   std::to_string(current.crossbarCount)      }
-      };
-      printReportPerCoreAndTotalFields(os, perCoreFields, totalEntryFields);
-    }
-    else {
-      printReportFlatFields(os, perCoreFields);
-    }
-    printReportEntrySeparator(os, lastIndex + 1 < totalComputeOps);
-    cI = lastIndex;
-  }
-
-  os.flush();
-  file.close();
-}
-
-struct MergeComputeNodesPass : PassWrapper<MergeComputeNodesPass, OperationPass<func::FuncOp>> {
-
-private:
-  int64_t nextChannelId = 0;
-
-public:
+struct MergeComputeNodesPass final : PassWrapper<MergeComputeNodesPass, OperationPass<ModuleOp>> {
   MLIR_DEFINE_EXPLICIT_INTERNAL_INLINE_TYPE_ID(MergeComputeNodesPass)
 
-  StringRef getArgument() const override { return "pim-merge-compute-nodes-pass"; }
+  StringRef getArgument() const override { return "pim-merge-compute-nodes"; }
   StringRef getDescription() const override {
-    return "Merge Spatial-Compute-Nodes in order to reduce the total "
-           "execution time";
+    return "Materialize scheduled Spatial compute with deferred communication placeholders.";
   }
 
-  LogicalResult initialize(MLIRContext* context) override { return success(); }
-
   void runOnOperation() override {
-    func::FuncOp func = getOperation();
-    if (failed(verifyLogicalSpatialGraphInvariants(func))) {
-      func.emitOpError("RAPTOR_PHASE_CHECK logical Spatial graph verification failed at the start of MergeComputeNodes");
-      signalPassFailure();
-      return;
-    }
-    mergeTriviallyConnectedComputes(func);
-    if (failed(verifyLogicalSpatialGraphInvariants(func))) {
-      func.emitOpError("RAPTOR_PHASE_CHECK logical Spatial graph verification failed after trivial merge simplification");
+    ModuleOp moduleOp = getOperation();
+    auto entryFunc = getPimEntryFunc(moduleOp);
+    if (failed(entryFunc)) {
+      moduleOp.emitError("failed to locate the PIM entry function during MergeComputeNodes");
       signalPassFailure();
       return;
     }
 
-    const spatial::MergeScheduleResult* analysisResult = nullptr;
-    analysisResult = &getAnalysis<spatial::MergeSchedulingAnalysis>().getResult();
-    if (failed(spatial::MergeScheduleMaterializer().run(func, *analysisResult, nextChannelId))) {
+    func::FuncOp funcOp = *entryFunc;
+    MergeScheduleResult schedule = MergeSchedulingAnalysis(funcOp).getResult();
+    PatternRewriter rewriter(moduleOp.getContext());
+    FailureOr<ScheduledComputeMaterializationResult> materialization =
+      materializeScheduledCompute(funcOp, schedule, rewriter);
+    if (failed(materialization)) {
       signalPassFailure();
       return;
     }
 
-    if (!sortTopologically(&func.getBody().front())) {
-      func.emitOpError("failed to topologically order merged Spatial IR");
+    // Phase 1 is intentionally dumped before its verifier: malformed deferred
+    // payloads must be diagnosed from the producer-owned body.
+    dumpModule(moduleOp, "spatial2_scheduled_no_comm", /*assumeVerified=*/true);
+
+    if (failed(verifyMaterializedScheduleMapping(funcOp,
+                                                 schedule,
+                                                 materialization->peftClassPlans,
+                                                 materialization->graphComputeToBlockMap,
+                                                 materialization->materializedSchedules))) {
+      moduleOp.emitError("scheduled Spatial materialization mapping verification failed");
       signalPassFailure();
       return;
     }
-    if (failed(verifyScheduledSpatialInvariants(func))) {
-      func.emitOpError("RAPTOR_PHASE_CHECK scheduled Spatial verification failed after merge materialization");
+    if (failed(verifyDeferredTransferPhase1Invariants(funcOp))) {
+      moduleOp.emitError("scheduled Spatial deferred communication verification failed");
       signalPassFailure();
       return;
     }
-    dumpModule(cast<ModuleOp>(func->getParentOp()), "spatial1_merged");
-    generateReport(func, "spatial_merge_report", analysisResult->cpuToLastComputeMap.size());
+    if (failed(verifyScheduledMaterializationRecords(materialization->materializedSchedules))) {
+      moduleOp.emitError("scheduled Spatial materialization record verification failed");
+      signalPassFailure();
+      return;
+    }
+    if (failed(verifyPeftMaterializationReportSummary(funcOp,
+                                                      schedule,
+                                                      materialization->peftClassPlans,
+                                                      materialization->materializedSchedules))) {
+      moduleOp.emitError("scheduled Spatial report verification failed");
+      signalPassFailure();
+      return;
+    }
+    if (failed(verifyScheduledSpatialInvariants(funcOp))) {
+      moduleOp.emitError("scheduled Spatial phase 1 verification failed");
+      signalPassFailure();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    SpatialDataflowExportStage exportMode = getSpatialDataflowExportStage();
+    if (shouldExportSpatialDataflowStage(exportMode, SpatialDataflowExportStage::Spatial2)
+        && failed(exportSpatialDataflowCsvScheduled(funcOp, "spatial2_scheduled_no_comm", "spatial2"))) {
+      signalPassFailure();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    dumpScheduledComputeReportAndModule(moduleOp,
+                                        funcOp,
+                                        schedule,
+                                        materialization->peftClassPlans,
+                                        materialization->materializedSchedules);
+    if (failed(realizeDeferredCommunication(funcOp))) {
+      moduleOp.emitError("MergeComputeNodes phase 2 communication realization failed");
+      signalPassFailure();
+      return;
+    }
+    dumpModule(moduleOp, "spatial3_scheduled", /*assumeVerified=*/true);
+    if (failed(verifyRealizedCommunicationDeadlockFree(funcOp))) {
+      moduleOp.emitError("MergeComputeNodes final communication verification failed");
+      signalPassFailure();
+      return;
+    }
+    if (failed(verifyScheduledSpatialInvariants(funcOp))) {
+      moduleOp.emitError("scheduled Spatial phase 2 verification failed");
+      signalPassFailure();
+      return;
+    }
+    if (shouldExportSpatialDataflowStage(exportMode, SpatialDataflowExportStage::Spatial3)
+        && failed(exportSpatialDataflowCsvScheduled(funcOp, "spatial3_scheduled", "spatial3"))) {
+      signalPassFailure();
+    }
   }
 };
 
 } // namespace
+} // namespace spatial
 
-std::unique_ptr<Pass> createMergeComputeNodesPass() { return std::make_unique<MergeComputeNodesPass>(); }
+std::unique_ptr<Pass> createMergeComputeNodesPass() { return std::make_unique<spatial::MergeComputeNodesPass>(); }
 
 } // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/ScheduledComputeMaterialization.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,997 @@
+#include "ScheduledComputeMaterialization.hpp"
+#include "DeferredCommunicationPlanning.hpp"
+
+#include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/AffineUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/LoopUtils.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
+
+#include <map>
+
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+namespace spatial {
+
+using namespace mlir;
+namespace {
+
+struct BatchFragmentSpec {
+  RankedTensorType resultType;
+  RankedTensorType sourceSliceType;
+};
+
+static SmallVector<OpFoldResult> remapMixedOffsets(ArrayRef<OpFoldResult> mixedOffsets, IRMapping &mapper) {
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> remapped;
+  remapped.reserve(mixedOffsets.size());
+  for (OpFoldResult ofr : mixedOffsets) {
+    if (auto value = dyn_cast<Value>(ofr))
+      remapped.push_back(cast<Value>(mapper.lookupOrDefault(value)));
+    else
+      remapped.push_back(cast<Attribute>(ofr));
+  }
+  return remapped;
+}
+
+static void appendUnique(SmallVectorImpl<Value> &values, Value value) {
+  if (!llvm::is_contained(values, value))
+    values.push_back(value);
+}
+
+static Value getBlockOperand(Block &block, ValueRange operands, Value value, unsigned firstArgument = 0) {
+  auto it = llvm::find(operands, value);
+  assert(it != operands.end() && "missing scheduled operand");
+  return block.getArgument(firstArgument + std::distance(operands.begin(), it));
+}
+
+static Value getScheduledComputeOutputArgument(Block &block, ValueRange scheduledWeights, ValueRange scheduledInputs,
+                                               ArrayRef<ProducerValueKey> carriedKeys, ProducerValueKey key) {
+  unsigned base = scheduledWeights.size() + scheduledInputs.size();
+  auto it = llvm::find(carriedKeys, key);
+  assert(it != carriedKeys.end() && "missing carried output");
+  return block.getArgument(base + std::distance(carriedKeys.begin(), it));
+}
+
+static unsigned getScheduledComputeResultArgBase(SpatScheduledCompute scheduled) {
+  return scheduled.getWeights().size() + scheduled.getInputs().size();
+}
+
+static void appendComputeBlockArguments(SmallVectorImpl<Type> &argTypes,
+                                        SmallVectorImpl<Location> &argLocs,
+                                        ValueRange weights,
+                                        ValueRange inputs,
+                                        ArrayRef<ProducerValueKey> carriedKeys,
+                                        Location loc) {
+  for (Value weight : weights)
+    argTypes.push_back(weight.getType());
+  for (Value input : inputs)
+    argTypes.push_back(input.getType());
+  for (ProducerValueKey key : carriedKeys) {
+    auto outputs = getComputeInstanceOutputValues(key.instance);
+    assert(key.resultIndex < outputs.size() && "missing carried result");
+    argTypes.push_back(outputs[key.resultIndex].getType());
+  }
+  argLocs.append(argTypes.size(), loc);
+}
+
+static Block *createScheduledComputeBlock(PatternRewriter &rewriter,
+                                          SpatScheduledCompute scheduled,
+                                          ArrayRef<ProducerValueKey> carriedKeys,
+                                          Location loc) {
+  SmallVector<Type> argTypes;
+  SmallVector<Location> argLocs;
+  appendComputeBlockArguments(argTypes, argLocs, scheduled.getWeights(), scheduled.getInputs(), carriedKeys, loc);
+  return rewriter.createBlock(&scheduled.getBody(), scheduled.getBody().end(), TypeRange(argTypes), argLocs);
+}
+
+static void appendBlockYieldBaseAndCarriedOperands(Block &block,
+                                                   unsigned baseArgCount,
+                                                   size_t carriedCount,
+                                                   SmallVectorImpl<Value> &operands) {
+  for (unsigned index = 0; index < baseArgCount; ++index)
+    operands.push_back(block.getArgument(index));
+  for (size_t index = 0; index < carriedCount; ++index)
+    operands.push_back(block.getArgument(baseArgCount + index));
+}
+
+static void createBlockYield(PatternRewriter &rewriter, Location loc, ValueRange outputs, Block *next = nullptr) {
+  OperationState state(loc, SpatBlockYieldOp::getOperationName());
+  state.addOperands(outputs);
+  if (next)
+    state.addSuccessors(next);
+  rewriter.create(state);
+}
+
+static FailureOr<BatchFragmentSpec> getBatchFragmentSpec(SpatComputeBatch batch,
+                                                         unsigned resultIndex,
+                                                         uint32_t fragmentLaneCount) {
+  auto inParallel = dyn_cast<SpatInParallelOp>(batch.getBody().front().getTerminator());
+  if (!inParallel)
+    return batch.emitOpError("scheduled materialization only supports resultful spat.graph_compute_batch");
+
+  auto outputArg = batch.getOutputArgument(resultIndex);
+  if (!outputArg)
+    return batch.emitOpError("scheduled materialization could not locate batch output block argument");
+
+  for (Operation &op : inParallel.getRegion().front()) {
+    auto insert = dyn_cast<tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp>(&op);
+    if (!insert)
+      return batch.emitOpError("scheduled materialization only supports regular leading-lane graph_compute_batch fragments");
+    if (insert.getDest() != *outputArg)
+      continue;
+
+    RankedTensorType destType = insert.getDestType();
+    RankedTensorType sourceType = insert.getSourceType();
+    if (!destType || !sourceType || !destType.hasStaticShape() || !sourceType.hasStaticShape())
+      return batch.emitOpError("scheduled materialization only supports regular leading-lane graph_compute_batch fragments");
+    if (destType.getRank() != sourceType.getRank() + 1 || destType.getDimSize(0) != batch.getLaneCount()
+        || destType.getElementType() != sourceType.getElementType())
+      return batch.emitOpError("graph_compute_batch result must be a leading physical-slot dimension followed by its fragment");
+    if (!llvm::equal(destType.getShape().drop_front(), sourceType.getShape()))
+      return batch.emitOpError("graph_compute_batch result trailing shape must match its published fragment");
+    if (!insert.hasUnitStride())
+      return batch.emitOpError("scheduled materialization only supports regular leading-lane graph_compute_batch fragments");
+    auto offsets = insert.getMixedOffsets();
+    auto sizes = insert.getMixedSizes();
+    auto strides = insert.getMixedStrides();
+    if (offsets.size() != static_cast<size_t>(destType.getRank()) || sizes.size() != static_cast<size_t>(destType.getRank())
+        || strides.size() != static_cast<size_t>(destType.getRank()))
+      return batch.emitOpError("scheduled materialization only supports regular leading-lane graph_compute_batch fragments");
+    if (!isa<Value>(offsets.front()) || !valueTransitivelyDependsOn(cast<Value>(offsets.front()), *batch.getLaneArgument()))
+      return batch.emitOpError("graph_compute_batch publication must select its physical slot in dimension zero");
+    for (unsigned dim = 1; dim < offsets.size(); ++dim) {
+      auto offset = dyn_cast<Attribute>(offsets[dim]);
+      auto integer = dyn_cast_or_null<IntegerAttr>(offset);
+      if (!integer || integer.getInt() != 0)
+        return batch.emitOpError("graph_compute_batch publication must have zero trailing offsets");
+    }
+    auto staticIndex = [](OpFoldResult value) -> std::optional<int64_t> {
+      auto attr = dyn_cast<Attribute>(value);
+      auto integer = dyn_cast_or_null<IntegerAttr>(attr);
+      return integer ? std::optional<int64_t>(integer.getInt()) : std::nullopt;
+    };
+    if (staticIndex(sizes.front()) != 1)
+      return batch.emitOpError("graph_compute_batch publication sizes must be [1] plus the fragment shape");
+    for (auto [size, dim] : llvm::zip_equal(ArrayRef<OpFoldResult>(sizes).drop_front(), sourceType.getShape()))
+      if (staticIndex(size) != dim)
+        return batch.emitOpError("graph_compute_batch publication sizes must be [1] plus the fragment shape");
+    return BatchFragmentSpec {spatial::getGraphBatchPhysicalResultType(fragmentLaneCount, sourceType), sourceType};
+  }
+
+  return batch.emitOpError("scheduled materialization only supports regular leading-lane graph_compute_batch fragments");
+}
+
+
+static SourceLaneSelector buildSourceLaneSelector(PatternRewriter &rewriter,
+                                                  const ComputeStepTuple &stepTuple,
+                                                  Operation *constantAnchor,
+                                                  std::map<std::vector<uint32_t>, Value> &laneStartTableCache) {
+  if (std::optional<SourceLaneAffineMapping> affineMapping = getSourceLaneAffineMapping(stepTuple)) {
+    SourceLaneSelector selector;
+    selector.kind = SourceLaneSelector::Kind::Affine;
+    selector.affine = *affineMapping;
+    return selector;
+  }
+
+  SmallVector<uint32_t> tableValues = collectSourceLaneStarts(stepTuple);
+  std::vector<uint32_t> cacheKey(tableValues.begin(), tableValues.end());
+  auto cacheIt = laneStartTableCache.find(cacheKey);
+  if (cacheIt != laneStartTableCache.end()) {
+    SourceLaneSelector selector;
+    selector.kind = SourceLaneSelector::Kind::Table;
+    selector.table = cacheIt->second;
+    selector.tableValues = tableValues;
+    return selector;
+  }
+
+  SmallVector<int64_t> tableValuesI64;
+  tableValuesI64.reserve(tableValues.size());
+  for (uint32_t value : tableValues)
+    tableValuesI64.push_back(value);
+  Value table = createI64LookupTableConstant(rewriter, constantAnchor, tableValuesI64);
+  laneStartTableCache.emplace(std::move(cacheKey), table);
+  SourceLaneSelector selector;
+  selector.kind = SourceLaneSelector::Kind::Table;
+  selector.table = table;
+  selector.tableValues = tableValues;
+  return selector;
+}
+
+static FailureOr<Value> buildSourceLaneStartForScheduledLane(OpBuilder &builder,
+                                                             Location loc,
+                                                             Value scheduledLane,
+                                                             const SourceLaneSelector &selector,
+                                                             Operation *constantAnchor) {
+  if (selector.kind == SourceLaneSelector::Kind::Affine) {
+    if (selector.affine.baseLaneStart == 0 && selector.affine.laneCount == 1)
+      return scheduledLane;
+    AffineExpr d0 = builder.getAffineDimExpr(0);
+    AffineExpr expr = d0;
+    if (selector.affine.laneCount != 1)
+      expr = d0 * selector.affine.laneCount;
+    if (selector.affine.baseLaneStart != 0)
+      expr = expr + selector.affine.baseLaneStart;
+    return createOrFoldAffineApply(builder, loc, expr, ValueRange {scheduledLane}, constantAnchor);
+  }
+
+  if (!selector.table)
+    return failure();
+  Value sourceLaneStartI64 =
+    tensor::ExtractOp::create(builder, loc, selector.table, ValueRange {scheduledLane}).getResult();
+  return arith::IndexCastOp::create(builder, loc, builder.getIndexType(), sourceLaneStartI64).getResult();
+}
+
+static LogicalResult verifyPeftClassPlan(Operation *diagnosticAnchor,
+                                         const PeftClassPlan &peftClassPlan,
+                                         const MergeScheduleResult &schedule) {
+  if (peftClassPlan.cpus.empty())
+    return diagnosticAnchor->emitOpError("PEFT materialization class has no CPUs");
+
+  SmallVector<const SmallVector<ComputeInstance> *> schedules;
+  for (size_t cpu : peftClassPlan.cpus) {
+    auto it = peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu.find(cpu);
+    if (it == peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu.end())
+      return diagnosticAnchor->emitOpError("PEFT materialization class is missing a per-CPU schedule");
+    schedules.push_back(&it->second);
+    for (const ComputeInstance &instance : it->second)
+      if (!schedule.computeToCpuSlotMap.count(instance))
+        return diagnosticAnchor->emitOpError("PEFT materialization class references a compute instance without a scheduler position");
+  }
+
+  if (peftClassPlan.cpus.size() == 1)
+    return success();
+
+  auto emitNonIso = [&](size_t stepPosition) -> LogicalResult {
+    std::string cpus;
+    llvm::raw_string_ostream os(cpus);
+    llvm::interleaveComma(peftClassPlan.cpus, os, [&](size_t cpu) { os << cpu; });
+    diagnosticAnchor->emitOpError("PEFT equivalence class has non-isomorphic per-CPU schedules")
+      << " class " << peftClassPlan.canonicalClassId << " cpus [" << os.str() << "] step " << stepPosition;
+    return failure();
+  };
+
+  size_t tupleCount = schedules.front()->size();
+  for (const SmallVector<ComputeInstance> *cpuSchedule : schedules)
+    if (cpuSchedule->size() != tupleCount)
+      return emitNonIso(0);
+
+  for (size_t stepPosition = 0; stepPosition < tupleCount; ++stepPosition) {
+    const ComputeInstance &reference = (*schedules.front())[stepPosition];
+    bool refIsScalar = isa<SpatCompute>(reference.op);
+    for (size_t cpuIndex = 1; cpuIndex < schedules.size(); ++cpuIndex) {
+      const ComputeInstance &instance = (*schedules[cpuIndex])[stepPosition];
+      if (instance.op != reference.op || instance.laneCount != reference.laneCount)
+        return emitNonIso(stepPosition);
+      if (isa<SpatCompute>(instance.op) != refIsScalar)
+        return emitNonIso(stepPosition);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return success();
+}
+
+static LogicalResult collectPeftClassOperandsAndResults(PeftClassPlan &peftClassPlan,
+                                                        const MergeScheduleResult &schedule) {
+  peftClassPlan.weights.clear();
+  peftClassPlan.inputs.clear();
+  peftClassPlan.resultTypes.clear();
+
+  if (peftClassPlan.cpus.size() == 1) {
+    size_t cpu = peftClassPlan.cpus.front();
+    for (const ComputeInstance &instance : peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu.lookup(cpu)) {
+      if (auto compute = dyn_cast<SpatCompute>(instance.op)) {
+        llvm::append_range(peftClassPlan.resultTypes, compute.getResultTypes());
+      } else {
+        auto batch = cast<SpatComputeBatch>(instance.op);
+        for (unsigned resultIndex = 0; resultIndex < batch.getNumResults(); ++resultIndex) {
+          auto spec = getBatchFragmentSpec(batch, resultIndex, instance.laneCount);
+          if (failed(spec))
+            return failure();
+          peftClassPlan.resultTypes.push_back(spec->resultType);
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (Value weight : getComputeInstanceWeights(instance))
+        appendUnique(peftClassPlan.weights, weight);
+      for (Value input : getComputeInstanceInputs(instance))
+        if (!getProducerValueRef(input, &instance) &&
+            !isDeferredFragmentAssemblyInput(input, instance))
+          appendUnique(peftClassPlan.inputs, input);
+    }
+    return success();
+  }
+
+  for (const ScheduledStepPlan &stepPlan : buildScheduledStepPlans(peftClassPlan)) {
+    const ComputeStepTuple &stepTuple = stepPlan.stepTuple;
+    const ComputeInstance &representative = stepTuple.instances.front();
+    if (auto compute = dyn_cast<SpatCompute>(representative.op)) {
+      for (Type type : compute.getResultTypes()) {
+        auto tensorType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(type);
+        if (!tensorType || !tensorType.hasStaticShape())
+          return compute.emitOpError("scheduled materialization only supports static ranked tensor scalar results");
+        SmallVector<int64_t> shape;
+        shape.push_back(static_cast<int64_t>(peftClassPlan.cpus.size()));
+        llvm::append_range(shape, tensorType.getShape());
+        peftClassPlan.resultTypes.push_back(RankedTensorType::get(shape, tensorType.getElementType()));
+      }
+    } else {
+      auto batch = cast<SpatComputeBatch>(representative.op);
+      uint32_t totalLanes = static_cast<uint32_t>(peftClassPlan.cpus.size()) * representative.laneCount;
+      for (unsigned resultIndex = 0; resultIndex < batch.getNumResults(); ++resultIndex) {
+        auto spec = getBatchFragmentSpec(batch, resultIndex, totalLanes);
+        if (failed(spec))
+          return failure();
+        peftClassPlan.resultTypes.push_back(spec->resultType);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const ComputeInstance &instance : stepTuple.instances) {
+      for (Value weight : getComputeInstanceWeights(instance))
+        appendUnique(peftClassPlan.weights, weight);
+      for (Value input : getComputeInstanceInputs(instance))
+        if (!getProducerValueRef(input, &instance) &&
+            !isDeferredFragmentAssemblyInput(input, instance))
+          appendUnique(peftClassPlan.inputs, input);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return success();
+}
+
+static void cloneComputeBody(OpBuilder &builder, Block &source, IRMapping &mapper,
+                             SmallVectorImpl<Value> &yieldedValues,
+                             const llvm::SmallPtrSetImpl<Operation *> &absorbed) {
+  for (Operation &op : source.without_terminator())
+    if (!absorbed.contains(&op))
+      builder.clone(op, mapper);
+  auto yield = cast<SpatYieldOp>(source.getTerminator());
+  for (Value output : yield.getOutputs())
+    yieldedValues.push_back(mapper.lookup(output));
+}
+
+static LogicalResult materializeResultfulBatchChunkAsScalar(PatternRewriter &rewriter,
+                                                            SpatComputeBatch batch,
+                                                            const ComputeInstance &instance,
+                                                            ValueRange scheduledWeights,
+                                                            ValueRange scheduledInputs,
+                                                            Block &block,
+                                                            const MergeScheduleResult &schedule,
+                                                            SmallVectorImpl<Value> &yieldedValues) {
+  SmallVector<Value> initResults;
+  SmallVector<BatchFragmentSpec> fragmentSpecs;
+  for (unsigned resultIndex = 0; resultIndex < batch.getNumResults(); ++resultIndex) {
+    auto spec = getBatchFragmentSpec(batch, resultIndex, instance.laneCount);
+    if (failed(spec))
+      return failure();
+    fragmentSpecs.push_back(*spec);
+    auto empty = createEmptyTensorForType(rewriter, batch.getLoc(), spec->resultType);
+    if (failed(empty))
+      return batch.emitOpError("scheduled materialization requires a physical graph fragment publication");
+    initResults.push_back(*empty);
+  }
+
+  Value lower = getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, batch.getOperation(), instance.laneStart);
+  Value upper = getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, batch.getOperation(), instance.laneStart + instance.laneCount);
+  Value step = getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, batch.getOperation(), 1);
+  auto loop = buildNormalizedScfFor(
+    rewriter,
+    batch.getLoc(),
+    lower,
+    upper,
+    step,
+    initResults,
+    [&](OpBuilder &builder, Location bodyLoc, Value originalLane, ValueRange iterArgs, SmallVectorImpl<Value> &yielded) -> LogicalResult {
+
+      IRMapping mapper;
+      mapper.map(*batch.getLaneArgument(), originalLane);
+      Value localLane = arith::SubIOp::create(builder,
+                                              bodyLoc,
+                                              originalLane,
+                                              getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, batch.getOperation(), instance.laneStart))
+                          .getResult();
+      for (auto [index, weight] : llvm::enumerate(batch.getWeights()))
+        mapper.map(*batch.getWeightArgument(index), getBlockOperand(block, scheduledWeights, weight));
+      SmallVector<DeferredInputPlan> inputPlans;
+      for (auto [index, input] : llvm::enumerate(batch.getInputs())) {
+        DeferredInputPlan plan;
+        if (failed(prepareSingleCpuInput(builder,
+                                     input.getLoc(),
+                                     input,
+                                     *batch.getInputArgument(index),
+                                     instance,
+                                     schedule,
+                                     scheduledInputs,
+                                     block,
+                                     scheduledWeights.size(),
+                                     ArrayRef<ProducerValueKey> {},
+                                     *batch.getLaneArgument(),
+                                     originalLane,
+                                     plan)))
+          return failure();
+        plan.scalarizedLocalLane = localLane;
+        plan.scalarizedGraphLaneBase = lower;
+        plan.scalarizedLaneCount = instance.laneCount;
+        plan.scalarizedHoistBlock = &block;
+        inputPlans.push_back(std::move(plan));
+      }
+      for (auto [index, outputArg] : llvm::enumerate(batch.getOutputs()))
+        (void)outputArg, mapper.map(*batch.getOutputArgument(index), iterArgs[index]);
+
+      Block &source = batch.getBody().front();
+      llvm::SmallPtrSet<Operation *, 32> absorbed;
+      if (failed(materializeDeferredPayloadDemands(builder, bodyLoc, source, inputPlans, mapper, absorbed)))
+        return failure();
+      for (Operation &op : source.without_terminator())
+        if (!absorbed.contains(&op))
+          builder.clone(op, mapper);
+
+      auto inParallel = dyn_cast<SpatInParallelOp>(source.getTerminator());
+      if (!inParallel)
+          return batch.emitOpError("expected spat.in_parallel in resultful spat.graph_compute_batch"), failure();
+      DenseMap<BlockArgument, size_t> outputIndexByArg;
+      for (size_t index = 0; index < batch.getNumResults(); ++index)
+        outputIndexByArg[*batch.getOutputArgument(index)] = index;
+
+      SmallVector<Value> current(iterArgs.begin(), iterArgs.end());
+      for (Operation &op : inParallel.getRegion().front()) {
+        auto insert = dyn_cast<tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp>(&op);
+        if (!insert)
+          return batch.emitOpError("scheduled materialization requires a physical graph fragment publication");
+        auto oldDest = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(insert.getDest());
+        if (!oldDest || !outputIndexByArg.count(oldDest))
+          return batch.emitOpError("scheduled materialization requires a physical graph fragment publication"), failure();
+        size_t resultIndex = outputIndexByArg.lookup(oldDest);
+        SmallVector<OpFoldResult> offsets = remapMixedOffsets(insert.getMixedOffsets(), mapper);
+        offsets.front() = localLane;
+        current[resultIndex] = tensor::InsertSliceOp::create(builder,
+                                                             insert.getLoc(),
+                                                             mapper.lookup(insert.getSource()),
+                                                             current[resultIndex],
+                                                             offsets,
+                                                             remapMixedOffsets(insert.getMixedSizes(), mapper),
+                                                             remapMixedOffsets(insert.getMixedStrides(), mapper))
+                                 .getResult();
+      }
+      llvm::append_range(yielded, current);
+      return success();
+    });
+  if (failed(loop))
+    return failure();
+  llvm::append_range(yieldedValues, loop->results);
+  return success();
+}
+
+static LogicalResult materializeSingleCpuPeftClass(
+  PatternRewriter &rewriter,
+  SpatScheduledCompute scheduled,
+  const PeftClassPlan &peftClassPlan,
+  const MergeScheduleResult &schedule,
+  DenseMap<GraphComputeBlockKey, Block *> &graphComputeToBlockMap,
+  ScheduledMaterializationRecord &record) {
+  size_t cpu = peftClassPlan.cpus.front();
+  auto instancesIt = peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu.find(cpu);
+  assert(instancesIt != peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu.end() && "missing single-cpu schedule");
+  const SmallVector<ComputeInstance> &instances = instancesIt->second;
+
+  SmallVector<ProducerValueKey> carriedKeys;
+  Block *block = nullptr;
+  for (auto [ordinal, instance] : llvm::enumerate(instances)) {
+    if (!block)
+      block = createScheduledComputeBlock(rewriter, scheduled, carriedKeys, instance.op->getLoc());
+
+    GraphComputeBlockKey key = getGraphComputeBlockKey(instance);
+    graphComputeToBlockMap[key] = block;
+    record.computeKeys.push_back(key);
+    record.blocks.push_back(block);
+
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(block);
+    SmallVector<Value> yieldedValues;
+    if (auto compute = dyn_cast<SpatCompute>(instance.op)) {
+      IRMapping mapper;
+      for (auto [index, weight] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getWeights()))
+        mapper.map(*compute.getWeightArgument(index), getBlockOperand(*block, scheduled.getWeights(), weight));
+      SmallVector<DeferredInputPlan> inputPlans;
+      for (auto [index, input] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getInputs())) {
+        DeferredInputPlan plan;
+        if (failed(prepareSingleCpuInput(rewriter,
+                                     input.getLoc(),
+                                     input,
+                                     *compute.getInputArgument(index),
+                                     instance,
+                                     schedule,
+                                     scheduled.getInputs(),
+                                     *block,
+                                     scheduled.getWeights().size(),
+                                     carriedKeys,
+                                     {},
+                                     {},
+                                     plan)))
+          return failure();
+        inputPlans.push_back(std::move(plan));
+      }
+      llvm::SmallPtrSet<Operation *, 32> absorbed;
+      if (failed(materializeDeferredPayloadDemands(rewriter, compute.getLoc(), compute.getBody().front(), inputPlans, mapper, absorbed)))
+        return failure();
+      cloneComputeBody(rewriter, compute.getBody().front(), mapper, yieldedValues, absorbed);
+    } else {
+      auto batch = cast<SpatComputeBatch>(instance.op);
+      if (failed(materializeResultfulBatchChunkAsScalar(rewriter,
+                                                        batch,
+                                                        instance,
+                                                        scheduled.getWeights(),
+                                                        scheduled.getInputs(),
+                                                        *block,
+                                                        schedule,
+                                                        yieldedValues)))
+        return failure();
+    }
+
+    SmallVector<ProducerValueKey> currentKeys;
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < yieldedValues.size(); ++index)
+      currentKeys.push_back({instance, index});
+    unsigned baseArgCount = getScheduledComputeResultArgBase(scheduled);
+    SmallVector<Value> blockYieldOperands;
+    bool hasNextBlock = ordinal + 1 < instances.size();
+    if (hasNextBlock) {
+      SmallVector<ProducerValueKey> nextCarriedKeys(carriedKeys);
+      llvm::append_range(nextCarriedKeys, currentKeys);
+      Block *nextBlock = createScheduledComputeBlock(rewriter, scheduled, nextCarriedKeys, instance.op->getLoc());
+      appendBlockYieldBaseAndCarriedOperands(*block, baseArgCount, carriedKeys.size(), blockYieldOperands);
+      llvm::append_range(blockYieldOperands, yieldedValues);
+      rewriter.setInsertionPointToEnd(block);
+      createBlockYield(rewriter, instance.op->getLoc(), blockYieldOperands, nextBlock);
+      carriedKeys = std::move(nextCarriedKeys);
+      block = nextBlock;
+    } else {
+      for (ProducerValueKey carried : carriedKeys)
+        blockYieldOperands.push_back(getScheduledComputeOutputArgument(*block,
+                                                                      scheduled.getWeights(),
+                                                                      scheduled.getInputs(),
+                                                                      carriedKeys,
+                                                                      carried));
+      llvm::append_range(blockYieldOperands, yieldedValues);
+      rewriter.setInsertionPointToEnd(block);
+      createBlockYield(rewriter, instance.op->getLoc(), blockYieldOperands);
+    }
+  }
+  return success();
+}
+
+// Builds offsets for inserting one per-CPU local fragment into the
+// scheduled_compute_batch output. The lane offset is in scheduled-output
+// lane space, not local fragment lane space.
+static SmallVector<OpFoldResult> buildScheduledOutputInsertOffsets(OpBuilder &builder,
+                                                                   Location loc,
+                                                                   Value scheduledLane,
+                                                                   int64_t lanesPerScheduledLane,
+                                                                   RankedTensorType localFragmentType,
+                                                                   Operation *constantAnchor) {
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> offsets;
+  Value scheduledOutputLane = scheduledLane;
+  if (lanesPerScheduledLane != 1) {
+    scheduledOutputLane = affineMulConst(
+      builder, loc, scheduledLane, lanesPerScheduledLane, constantAnchor);
+  }
+  offsets.push_back(scheduledOutputLane);
+  offsets.append(localFragmentType.getRank() - 1, OpFoldResult(builder.getIndexAttr(0)));
+  return offsets;
+}
+
+static LogicalResult materializeMultiCpuPeftClass(
+  PatternRewriter &rewriter,
+  SpatScheduledComputeBatch scheduled,
+  const PeftClassPlan &peftClassPlan,
+  const MergeScheduleResult &schedule,
+  DenseMap<GraphComputeBlockKey, Block *> &graphComputeToBlockMap,
+  ScheduledMaterializationRecord &record) {
+  std::map<std::vector<uint32_t>, Value> laneStartTableCache;
+  ArrayRef<ScheduledStepPlan> stepPlans = record.stepPlans;
+  for (const ScheduledStepPlan &stepPlan : stepPlans) {
+    const ComputeStepTuple &stepTuple = stepPlan.stepTuple;
+    SourceLaneSelector sourceLaneSelector =
+      buildSourceLaneSelector(rewriter, stepTuple, scheduled.getOperation(), laneStartTableCache);
+    SmallVector<Type> blockArgTypes {rewriter.getIndexType()};
+    SmallVector<Location> blockArgLocs {scheduled.getLoc()};
+    for (Value weight : scheduled.getWeights()) {
+      blockArgTypes.push_back(weight.getType());
+      blockArgLocs.push_back(weight.getLoc());
+    }
+    for (Value input : scheduled.getInputs()) {
+      blockArgTypes.push_back(input.getType());
+      blockArgLocs.push_back(input.getLoc());
+    }
+    for (Type resultType : scheduled.getResultTypes()) {
+      blockArgTypes.push_back(resultType);
+      blockArgLocs.push_back(scheduled.getLoc());
+    }
+    Block *block = rewriter.createBlock(&scheduled.getBody(), scheduled.getBody().end(), blockArgTypes, blockArgLocs);
+    for (const ComputeInstance &instance : stepTuple.instances) {
+      GraphComputeBlockKey key = getGraphComputeBlockKey(instance);
+      graphComputeToBlockMap[key] = block;
+      record.computeKeys.push_back(key);
+      record.blocks.push_back(block);
+    }
+
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(block);
+    Value scheduledLane = block->getArgument(0);
+    const ComputeInstance &representative = stepTuple.instances.front();
+    SmallVector<Value> finalLocalFragments;
+
+    if (auto compute = dyn_cast<SpatCompute>(representative.op)) {
+      IRMapping mapper;
+      for (auto [index, weight] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getWeights()))
+        mapper.map(*compute.getWeightArgument(index),
+                   getBlockOperand(*block, scheduled.getWeights(), weight, 1));
+      unsigned firstInputArg = 1 + scheduled.getWeights().size();
+      SmallVector<DeferredInputPlan> inputPlans;
+      for (auto [index, input] : llvm::enumerate(compute.getInputs())) {
+        DeferredInputPlan plan;
+        if (failed(prepareMultiCpuTupleInput(rewriter,
+                                         input.getLoc(),
+                                         input,
+                                         *compute.getInputArgument(index),
+                                         stepTuple,
+                                         peftClassPlan,
+                                         schedule,
+                                         scheduled.getInputs(),
+                                         *block,
+                                         firstInputArg,
+                                         {},
+                                         {},
+                                         scheduledLane,
+                                         plan)))
+          return failure();
+        inputPlans.push_back(std::move(plan));
+      }
+      SmallVector<Value> yieldedValues;
+      llvm::SmallPtrSet<Operation *, 32> absorbed;
+      if (failed(materializeDeferredPayloadDemands(rewriter, compute.getLoc(), compute.getBody().front(), inputPlans, mapper, absorbed)))
+        return failure();
+      cloneComputeBody(rewriter, compute.getBody().front(), mapper, yieldedValues, absorbed);
+      for (Value yielded : yieldedValues) {
+        auto tensorType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(yielded.getType());
+        if (!tensorType || !tensorType.hasStaticShape() || tensorType.getRank() == 0)
+          return compute.emitOpError("scheduled materialization only supports static ranked tensor scalar step results");
+        SmallVector<ReassociationIndices> reassociation;
+        reassociation.push_back({0, 1});
+        for (int64_t dim = 1; dim < tensorType.getRank(); ++dim)
+          reassociation.push_back({static_cast<int64_t>(dim + 1)});
+        SmallVector<int64_t> expandedShape {1};
+        llvm::append_range(expandedShape, tensorType.getShape());
+        finalLocalFragments.push_back(tensor::ExpandShapeOp::create(rewriter,
+                                                                    scheduled.getLoc(),
+                                                                    RankedTensorType::get(expandedShape, tensorType.getElementType()),
+                                                                    yielded,
+                                                                    reassociation)
+                                       .getResult());
+      }
+    } else {
+      auto batch = cast<SpatComputeBatch>(representative.op);
+      SmallVector<Value> localFragments;
+      SmallVector<BatchFragmentSpec> fragmentSpecs;
+      for (unsigned resultIndex = 0; resultIndex < batch.getNumResults(); ++resultIndex) {
+        auto spec = getBatchFragmentSpec(batch, resultIndex, representative.laneCount);
+        if (failed(spec))
+          return failure();
+        fragmentSpecs.push_back(*spec);
+        auto empty = createEmptyTensorForType(rewriter, batch.getLoc(), spec->resultType);
+        if (failed(empty))
+          return failure();
+        localFragments.push_back(*empty);
+      }
+
+      Value lower = getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, scheduled.getOperation(), 0);
+      Value upper = getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, scheduled.getOperation(), representative.laneCount);
+      Value step = getOrCreateIndexConstant(rewriter, scheduled.getOperation(), 1);
+      FailureOr<Value> sourceLaneStart =
+        buildSourceLaneStartForScheduledLane(rewriter, batch.getLoc(), scheduledLane, sourceLaneSelector, scheduled.getOperation());
+      if (failed(sourceLaneStart))
+        return failure();
+      auto loop = buildNormalizedScfFor(
+        rewriter,
+        batch.getLoc(),
+        lower,
+        upper,
+        step,
+        localFragments,
+        [&](OpBuilder &builder, Location bodyLoc, Value innerLane, ValueRange iterArgs, SmallVectorImpl<Value> &yielded) -> LogicalResult {
+
+          IRMapping mapper;
+          Value sourceLane = createOrFoldAffineApply(
+            builder,
+            bodyLoc,
+            builder.getAffineDimExpr(0) + builder.getAffineDimExpr(1),
+            ValueRange {*sourceLaneStart, innerLane},
+            scheduled.getOperation());
+          mapper.map(*batch.getLaneArgument(), sourceLane);
+          for (auto [index, weight] : llvm::enumerate(batch.getWeights()))
+            mapper.map(*batch.getWeightArgument(index),
+                       getBlockOperand(*block, scheduled.getWeights(), weight, 1));
+          unsigned firstInputArg = 1 + scheduled.getWeights().size();
+          SmallVector<DeferredInputPlan> inputPlans;
+          for (auto [index, input] : llvm::enumerate(batch.getInputs())) {
+            DeferredInputPlan plan;
+            if (failed(prepareMultiCpuTupleInput(builder,
+                                             input.getLoc(),
+                                             input,
+                                             *batch.getInputArgument(index),
+                                             stepTuple,
+                                             peftClassPlan,
+                                             schedule,
+                                             scheduled.getInputs(),
+                                             *block,
+                                             firstInputArg,
+                                             *batch.getLaneArgument(),
+                                             sourceLane,
+                                             scheduledLane,
+                                             plan)))
+              return failure();
+            plan.scalarizedLocalLane = innerLane;
+            plan.scalarizedGraphLaneBase = *sourceLaneStart;
+            plan.scalarizedLaneCount = representative.laneCount;
+            plan.scalarizedHoistBlock = block;
+            inputPlans.push_back(std::move(plan));
+          }
+          for (unsigned index = 0; index < batch.getNumResults(); ++index)
+            mapper.map(*batch.getOutputArgument(index), iterArgs[index]);
+          llvm::SmallPtrSet<Operation *, 32> absorbed;
+          if (failed(materializeDeferredPayloadDemands(builder, bodyLoc, batch.getBody().front(), inputPlans, mapper, absorbed)))
+            return failure();
+          for (Operation &op : batch.getBody().front().without_terminator())
+            if (!absorbed.contains(&op))
+              builder.clone(op, mapper);
+
+          auto inParallel = dyn_cast<SpatInParallelOp>(batch.getBody().front().getTerminator());
+          if (!inParallel)
+            return batch.emitOpError("expected spat.in_parallel in resultful spat.graph_compute_batch"), failure();
+
+          DenseMap<BlockArgument, size_t> outputIndexByArg;
+          for (size_t index = 0; index < batch.getNumResults(); ++index)
+            outputIndexByArg[*batch.getOutputArgument(index)] = index;
+
+          SmallVector<Value> current(iterArgs.begin(), iterArgs.end());
+          for (Operation &op : inParallel.getRegion().front()) {
+            auto insert = dyn_cast<tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp>(&op);
+            if (!insert)
+              return batch.emitOpError("scheduled materialization requires a physical graph fragment publication");
+            auto oldDest = dyn_cast<BlockArgument>(insert.getDest());
+            if (!oldDest || !outputIndexByArg.count(oldDest))
+              return batch.emitOpError("scheduled materialization requires a physical graph fragment publication"), failure();
+            size_t resultIndex = outputIndexByArg.lookup(oldDest);
+            SmallVector<OpFoldResult> offsets = remapMixedOffsets(insert.getMixedOffsets(), mapper);
+            offsets.front() = innerLane;
+            current[resultIndex] = tensor::InsertSliceOp::create(builder,
+                                                                 insert.getLoc(),
+                                                                 mapper.lookup(insert.getSource()),
+                                                                 current[resultIndex],
+                                                                 offsets,
+                                                                 remapMixedOffsets(insert.getMixedSizes(), mapper),
+                                                                 remapMixedOffsets(insert.getMixedStrides(), mapper))
+                                     .getResult();
+          }
+          llvm::append_range(yielded, current);
+          return success();
+        });
+      if (failed(loop))
+        return failure();
+      finalLocalFragments.assign(loop->results.begin(), loop->results.end());
+    }
+
+    struct Publication {
+      Value fragment;
+      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> offsets;
+      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> sizes;
+      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> strides;
+    };
+    SmallVector<Publication> publications;
+    for (auto [resultIndex, localFragment] : llvm::enumerate(finalLocalFragments)) {
+      auto localFragmentType = cast<RankedTensorType>(localFragment.getType());
+      int64_t lanesPerScheduledLane = isa<SpatCompute>(representative.op) ? 1 : representative.laneCount;
+      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> offsets = buildScheduledOutputInsertOffsets(
+        rewriter,
+        scheduled.getLoc(),
+        scheduledLane,
+        lanesPerScheduledLane,
+        localFragmentType,
+        scheduled.getOperation());
+      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> sizes;
+      SmallVector<OpFoldResult> strides;
+      for (int64_t dim : localFragmentType.getShape()) {
+        sizes.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(dim));
+        strides.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(1));
+      }
+      publications.push_back(
+        {localFragment, std::move(offsets), std::move(sizes),
+         std::move(strides)});
+    }
+    auto inParallel = SpatInParallelOp::create(rewriter, scheduled.getLoc());
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(&inParallel.getRegion().front());
+    for (auto [resultIndex, publication] : llvm::enumerate(publications))
+      tensor::ParallelInsertSliceOp::create(
+        rewriter,
+        scheduled.getLoc(),
+        publication.fragment,
+        block->getArgument(getScheduledBatchResultArgBase(scheduled) + stepPlan.resultOffset + resultIndex),
+        publication.offsets,
+        publication.sizes,
+        publication.strides);
+  }
+  return success();
+}
+
+
+} // namespace
+
+
+FailureOr<ScheduledComputeMaterializationResult>
+materializeScheduledCompute(func::FuncOp funcOp,
+                            const MergeScheduleResult &schedule,
+                            PatternRewriter &rewriter) {
+  DenseMap<Operation *, int64_t> graphIds;
+  int64_t nextGraphId = 0;
+  for (Operation &op : funcOp.getOps())
+    if (isa<SpatGraphCompute, SpatGraphComputeBatch>(op)) {
+      graphIds[&op] = nextGraphId;
+      op.setAttr("scheduled.graph_id", rewriter.getI64IntegerAttr(nextGraphId++));
+    }
+
+  llvm::MapVector<size_t, PeftClassPlan> peftClassPlans;
+  for (const ComputeInstance &instance : schedule.dominanceOrderCompute) {
+    size_t cpu = schedule.computeToCpuMap.lookup(instance);
+    size_t canonicalPeftClassId = getCanonicalPeftClassId(cpu, schedule);
+    auto &peftClassPlan = peftClassPlans[canonicalPeftClassId];
+    peftClassPlan.canonicalClassId = canonicalPeftClassId;
+    if (!llvm::is_contained(peftClassPlan.cpus, cpu))
+      peftClassPlan.cpus.push_back(cpu);
+    peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu[cpu].push_back(instance);
+  }
+  for (auto &entry : peftClassPlans) {
+    PeftClassPlan &peftClassPlan = entry.second;
+    llvm::sort(peftClassPlan.cpus);
+    for (size_t cpu : peftClassPlan.cpus)
+      llvm::sort(peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu[cpu], [&](const ComputeInstance &lhs, const ComputeInstance &rhs) {
+        return std::tie(graphIds.find(lhs.op)->second,
+                        schedule.computeToCpuSlotMap.find(lhs)->second) <
+               std::tie(graphIds.find(rhs.op)->second,
+                        schedule.computeToCpuSlotMap.find(rhs)->second);
+      });
+    if (failed(verifyPeftClassPlan(funcOp.getOperation(), peftClassPlan, schedule)))
+      return failure();
+    if (failed(collectPeftClassOperandsAndResults(peftClassPlan, schedule)))
+      return failure();
+  }
+
+  Operation *insertionPoint = funcOp.getBody().front().getTerminator();
+  DenseMap<GraphComputeBlockKey, Block *> graphComputeToBlockMap;
+  DenseMap<size_t, SpatScheduledCompute> scheduledComputes;
+  DenseMap<size_t, SpatScheduledComputeBatch> scheduledComputeBatches;
+  DenseMap<size_t, size_t> classToRecordIndex;
+  std::vector<ScheduledMaterializationRecord> materializedSchedules;
+
+  for (auto &entry : peftClassPlans) {
+    PeftClassPlan &peftClassPlan = entry.second;
+    rewriter.setInsertionPoint(insertionPoint);
+
+    ScheduledMaterializationRecord record;
+    record.canonicalPeftClassId = peftClassPlan.canonicalClassId;
+    record.cpus = peftClassPlan.cpus;
+    record.stepPlans = buildScheduledStepPlans(peftClassPlan);
+
+    if (peftClassPlan.cpus.size() == 1) {
+      auto scheduled = SpatScheduledCompute::create(
+        rewriter,
+        peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu.lookup(peftClassPlan.cpus.front()).front().op->getLoc(),
+        TypeRange(peftClassPlan.resultTypes),
+        peftClassPlan.weights,
+        peftClassPlan.inputs);
+      scheduled->setAttr(kCoreIdAttrName, rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(peftClassPlan.cpus.front())));
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.peft_cpus", rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(toI64Array(peftClassPlan.cpus)));
+      SmallVector<Attribute> stepSources;
+      SmallVector<Attribute> sourceLaneSelectors;
+      SmallVector<int64_t> stepResultOffsets;
+      SmallVector<int64_t> stepResultCounts;
+      SmallVector<int64_t> sourceLaneStarts;
+      SmallVector<int64_t> sourceLaneCounts;
+      SmallVector<int64_t> stepSourceIds;
+      size_t resultOffset = 0;
+      for (const ComputeInstance &instance : peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu.lookup(peftClassPlan.cpus.front())) {
+        stepSources.push_back(rewriter.getStringAttr(getInstanceName(instance)));
+        stepSourceIds.push_back(graphIds.lookup(instance.op));
+        sourceLaneSelectors.push_back(rewriter.getStringAttr(isa<SpatCompute>(instance.op) ? "scalar" : "affine"));
+        size_t resultCount = getComputeInstanceResultValueCount(instance);
+        stepResultOffsets.push_back(static_cast<int64_t>(resultOffset));
+        stepResultCounts.push_back(static_cast<int64_t>(resultCount));
+        resultOffset += resultCount;
+        if (isa<SpatCompute>(instance.op)) {
+          sourceLaneStarts.push_back(0);
+          sourceLaneCounts.push_back(0);
+        } else {
+          sourceLaneStarts.push_back(instance.laneStart);
+          sourceLaneCounts.push_back(instance.laneCount);
+        }
+      }
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.step_sources", rewriter.getArrayAttr(stepSources));
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.step_source_ids", rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(stepSourceIds));
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.step_result_offsets", rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(stepResultOffsets));
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.step_result_counts", rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(stepResultCounts));
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.source_lane_starts", rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(sourceLaneStarts));
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.source_lane_counts", rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(sourceLaneCounts));
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.source_lane_selector", rewriter.getArrayAttr(sourceLaneSelectors));
+      record.scheduledOp = scheduled.getOperation();
+      scheduledComputes[peftClassPlan.canonicalClassId] = scheduled;
+    } else {
+      auto scheduled = SpatScheduledComputeBatch::create(rewriter,
+                                                         peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu.lookup(peftClassPlan.cpus.front()).front().op->getLoc(),
+                                                         TypeRange(peftClassPlan.resultTypes),
+                                                         rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(peftClassPlan.cpus.size())),
+                                                         peftClassPlan.weights,
+                                                         peftClassPlan.inputs);
+      scheduled->setAttr(kCoreIdsAttrName, rewriter.getDenseI32ArrayAttr(toI32Array(peftClassPlan.cpus)));
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.peft_cpus", rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(toI64Array(peftClassPlan.cpus)));
+      SmallVector<Attribute> stepSources;
+      SmallVector<Attribute> sourceLaneSelectors;
+      SmallVector<int64_t> resultOffsets;
+      SmallVector<int64_t> resultCounts;
+      SmallVector<int64_t> sourceLaneStarts;
+      SmallVector<int64_t> sourceLaneCounts;
+      SmallVector<int64_t> stepSourceIds;
+      for (const ScheduledStepPlan &stepPlan : record.stepPlans) {
+        stepSources.push_back(rewriter.getStringAttr(getInstanceName(stepPlan.stepTuple.instances.front())));
+        stepSourceIds.push_back(graphIds.lookup(stepPlan.stepTuple.instances.front().op));
+        sourceLaneSelectors.push_back(rewriter.getStringAttr(usesAffineSourceLaneMapping(stepPlan.stepTuple) ? "affine" : "table"));
+        resultOffsets.push_back(static_cast<int64_t>(stepPlan.resultOffset));
+        resultCounts.push_back(static_cast<int64_t>(stepPlan.resultCount));
+        for (const ComputeInstance &instance : stepPlan.stepTuple.instances) {
+          sourceLaneStarts.push_back(instance.laneStart);
+          sourceLaneCounts.push_back(instance.laneCount);
+        }
+      }
+      RankedTensorType sourceLaneTableType = RankedTensorType::get(
+        {static_cast<int64_t>(record.stepPlans.size()), static_cast<int64_t>(peftClassPlan.cpus.size())},
+        rewriter.getI64Type());
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.step_sources", rewriter.getArrayAttr(stepSources));
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.step_source_ids", rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(stepSourceIds));
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.step_result_offsets", rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(resultOffsets));
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.step_result_counts", rewriter.getDenseI64ArrayAttr(resultCounts));
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.source_lane_starts", DenseElementsAttr::get(sourceLaneTableType, ArrayRef<int64_t>(sourceLaneStarts)));
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.source_lane_counts", DenseElementsAttr::get(sourceLaneTableType, ArrayRef<int64_t>(sourceLaneCounts)));
+      scheduled->setAttr("scheduled.source_lane_selector", rewriter.getArrayAttr(sourceLaneSelectors));
+      record.scheduledOp = scheduled.getOperation();
+      scheduledComputeBatches[peftClassPlan.canonicalClassId] = scheduled;
+    }
+
+    classToRecordIndex[peftClassPlan.canonicalClassId] = materializedSchedules.size();
+    materializedSchedules.push_back(std::move(record));
+  }
+
+  for (auto &entry : peftClassPlans) {
+    PeftClassPlan &peftClassPlan = entry.second;
+    ScheduledMaterializationRecord &record =
+      materializedSchedules[classToRecordIndex.lookup(peftClassPlan.canonicalClassId)];
+    if (peftClassPlan.cpus.size() == 1) {
+      if (failed(materializeSingleCpuPeftClass(rewriter,
+                                               scheduledComputes.lookup(peftClassPlan.canonicalClassId),
+                                               peftClassPlan,
+                                               schedule,
+                                               graphComputeToBlockMap,
+                                               record)))
+        return failure();
+    } else {
+      if (failed(materializeMultiCpuPeftClass(rewriter,
+                                              scheduledComputeBatches.lookup(peftClassPlan.canonicalClassId),
+                                              peftClassPlan,
+                                              schedule,
+                                              graphComputeToBlockMap,
+                                              record)))
+        return failure();
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ScheduledComputeMaterializationResult {std::move(peftClassPlans), std::move(materializedSchedules), std::move(graphComputeToBlockMap)};
+}
+
+
+} // namespace spatial
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/ScheduledComputeMaterialization.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ScheduledComputePlan.hpp"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+namespace spatial {
+
+struct ScheduledComputeMaterializationResult {
+  llvm::MapVector<size_t, PeftClassPlan> peftClassPlans;
+  std::vector<ScheduledMaterializationRecord> materializedSchedules;
+  DenseMap<GraphComputeBlockKey, Block *> graphComputeToBlockMap;
+};
+
+FailureOr<ScheduledComputeMaterializationResult>
+materializeScheduledCompute(func::FuncOp funcOp,
+                            const MergeScheduleResult &schedule,
+                            PatternRewriter &rewriter);
+
+} // namespace spatial
+} // namespace onnx_mlir

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/ScheduledComputePlan.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/AsmState.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/IRMapping.h"
+
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseSet.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/MapVector.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/TypeSwitch.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/FormatVariadic.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "Scheduling/ComputeInstanceUtils.hpp"
+#include "Scheduling/MergeSchedulingAnalysis.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/IR/ConstantUtils.hpp"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+namespace spatial {
+
+using namespace mlir;
+
+struct ProducerValueKey {
+  ComputeInstance instance;
+  size_t resultIndex = 0;
+
+  bool operator==(const ProducerValueKey &other) const {
+    return instance == other.instance && resultIndex == other.resultIndex;
+  }
+};
+
+struct GraphComputeBlockKey {
+  Operation *op = nullptr;
+  uint32_t laneStart = 0;
+  uint32_t laneCount = 1;
+
+  bool operator==(const GraphComputeBlockKey &other) const {
+    return op == other.op && laneStart == other.laneStart && laneCount == other.laneCount;
+  }
+};
+
+struct PeftClassPlan {
+  size_t canonicalClassId = 0;
+  SmallVector<size_t> cpus;
+  llvm::MapVector<size_t, SmallVector<ComputeInstance>> instancesByCpu;
+
+  SmallVector<Value> weights;
+  SmallVector<Value> inputs;
+  SmallVector<Type> resultTypes;
+};
+
+struct ComputeStepTuple {
+  SmallVector<ComputeInstance> instances;
+};
+
+struct ScheduledStepPlan {
+  ComputeStepTuple stepTuple;
+  size_t stepIndex = 0;
+  size_t resultOffset = 0;
+  size_t resultCount = 0;
+};
+
+struct SourceLaneAffineMapping {
+  uint32_t baseLaneStart = 0;
+  uint32_t laneCount = 1;
+};
+
+struct SourceLaneSelector {
+  enum class Kind { Affine, Table } kind = Kind::Affine;
+  SourceLaneAffineMapping affine;
+  Value table;
+  SmallVector<uint32_t> tableValues;
+};
+
+struct ScheduledMaterializationRecord {
+  Operation *scheduledOp = nullptr;
+  size_t canonicalPeftClassId = 0;
+  SmallVector<size_t> cpus;
+  SmallVector<ScheduledStepPlan> stepPlans;
+  SmallVector<GraphComputeBlockKey> computeKeys;
+  SmallVector<Block *> blocks;
+};
+
+struct ScheduledComputePrintContext {
+  mlir::AsmState asmState;
+  explicit ScheduledComputePrintContext(ModuleOp module, const OpPrintingFlags &flags = OpPrintingFlags())
+    : asmState(module.getOperation(), flags) {}
+};
+
+inline GraphComputeBlockKey getGraphComputeBlockKey(const ComputeInstance &instance) {
+  return {instance.op, instance.laneStart, instance.laneCount};
+}
+
+inline SmallVector<size_t> getPeftClassCpus(size_t cpu, const MergeScheduleResult &schedule) {
+  llvm::SmallDenseSet<size_t, 8> seen;
+  SmallVector<size_t> cpus;
+  auto append = [&](size_t value) {
+    if (seen.insert(value).second)
+      cpus.push_back(value);
+  };
+  append(cpu);
+  if (auto it = schedule.equivalentClass.find(cpu); it != schedule.equivalentClass.end())
+    for (size_t equivalentCpu : it->second)
+      append(equivalentCpu);
+  llvm::sort(cpus);
+  return cpus;
+}
+
+inline size_t getCanonicalPeftClassId(size_t cpu, const MergeScheduleResult &schedule) {
+  SmallVector<size_t> cpus = getPeftClassCpus(cpu, schedule);
+  return cpus.empty() ? cpu : cpus.front();
+}
+
+inline size_t getScheduledCpuForComputeInstance(const ComputeInstance &instance, const MergeScheduleResult &schedule) {
+  if (auto it = schedule.computeToCpuMap.find(instance); it != schedule.computeToCpuMap.end())
+    return it->second;
+
+  auto batch = dyn_cast<SpatComputeBatch>(instance.op);
+  assert(batch && instance.laneCount != 0 && "missing scheduled CPU for non-batch compute instance");
+  assert(instance.laneStart < static_cast<uint32_t>(batch.getLaneCount()) && "batch lane start out of range");
+  ComputeInstance chunk = getBatchChunkForLane(batch, instance.laneStart);
+  auto it = schedule.computeToCpuMap.find(chunk);
+  assert(it != schedule.computeToCpuMap.end() && "missing scheduled CPU for batch chunk");
+  return it->second;
+}
+
+inline std::string getInstanceName(const ComputeInstance &instance) {
+  return llvm::formatv("{0}[lanes={1}:{2}]",
+                       instance.op->getName().getStringRef(),
+                       instance.laneStart,
+                       instance.laneStart + instance.laneCount)
+    .str();
+}
+
+inline SmallVector<int64_t> toI64Array(ArrayRef<size_t> values) {
+  SmallVector<int64_t> converted;
+  converted.reserve(values.size());
+  for (size_t value : values)
+    converted.push_back(static_cast<int64_t>(value));
+  return converted;
+}
+
+inline SmallVector<int32_t> toI32Array(ArrayRef<size_t> values) {
+  SmallVector<int32_t> converted;
+  converted.reserve(values.size());
+  for (size_t value : values)
+    converted.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(value));
+  return converted;
+}
+
+inline unsigned getScheduledBatchResultArgBase(SpatScheduledComputeBatch scheduled) {
+  unsigned weightArgBase = 1;
+  unsigned inputArgBase = weightArgBase + scheduled.getWeights().size();
+  return inputArgBase + scheduled.getInputs().size();
+}
+
+inline SmallVector<GraphComputeBlockKey> collectExpectedGraphComputeBlockKeys(func::FuncOp funcOp) {
+  SmallVector<GraphComputeBlockKey> keys;
+  for (Operation &op : funcOp.getOps()) {
+    if (auto compute = dyn_cast<SpatGraphCompute>(&op))
+      keys.push_back(getGraphComputeBlockKey({compute.getOperation(), 0, 1}));
+    else if (auto batch = dyn_cast<SpatGraphComputeBatch>(&op))
+      for (ComputeInstance chunk : getBatchChunksForRange(batch, 0, static_cast<uint32_t>(batch.getLaneCount())))
+        keys.push_back(getGraphComputeBlockKey(chunk));
+  }
+  return keys;
+}
+
+inline size_t countPeftEquivalenceClasses(const MergeScheduleResult &schedule) {
+  llvm::SmallDenseSet<size_t, 16> classes;
+  for (const ComputeInstance &instance : schedule.dominanceOrderCompute) {
+    auto cpuIt = schedule.computeToCpuMap.find(instance);
+    if (cpuIt == schedule.computeToCpuMap.end())
+      continue;
+    classes.insert(getCanonicalPeftClassId(cpuIt->second, schedule));
+  }
+  return classes.size();
+}
+
+inline SmallVector<ComputeStepTuple> buildComputeStepTuples(const PeftClassPlan &peftClassPlan) {
+  SmallVector<ComputeStepTuple> stepTuples;
+  if (peftClassPlan.cpus.empty())
+    return stepTuples;
+  size_t stepCount = peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu.lookup(peftClassPlan.cpus.front()).size();
+  stepTuples.resize(stepCount);
+  for (size_t stepIndex = 0; stepIndex < stepCount; ++stepIndex)
+    for (size_t cpu : peftClassPlan.cpus)
+      stepTuples[stepIndex].instances.push_back(peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu.lookup(cpu)[stepIndex]);
+  return stepTuples;
+}
+
+inline size_t getComputeInstanceResultValueCount(const ComputeInstance &instance) {
+  return TypeSwitch<Operation *, size_t>(instance.op)
+    .Case<SpatCompute>([](SpatCompute compute) { return compute.getNumResults(); })
+    .Case<SpatComputeBatch>([](SpatComputeBatch batch) { return batch.getNumResults(); })
+    .Default([](Operation *) -> size_t {
+      llvm_unreachable("expected graph compute or graph compute batch");
+    });
+}
+
+inline SmallVector<ScheduledStepPlan> buildScheduledStepPlans(const PeftClassPlan &peftClassPlan) {
+  SmallVector<ScheduledStepPlan> stepPlans;
+  size_t resultOffset = 0;
+  for (auto [stepIndex, stepTuple] : llvm::enumerate(buildComputeStepTuples(peftClassPlan))) {
+    assert(!stepTuple.instances.empty() && "expected non-empty step tuple");
+    size_t resultCount = getComputeInstanceResultValueCount(stepTuple.instances.front());
+    stepPlans.push_back(ScheduledStepPlan {stepTuple, stepIndex, resultOffset, resultCount});
+    resultOffset += resultCount;
+  }
+  return stepPlans;
+}
+
+inline bool valueTransitivelyDependsOn(Value value, Value dependency) {
+  SmallVector<Value> worklist {value};
+  DenseSet<Value> visited;
+  while (!worklist.empty()) {
+    Value current = worklist.pop_back_val();
+    if (!visited.insert(current).second)
+      continue;
+    if (current == dependency)
+      return true;
+    Operation *def = current.getDefiningOp();
+    if (!def)
+      continue;
+    for (Value operand : def->getOperands())
+      worklist.push_back(operand);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+inline std::optional<SourceLaneAffineMapping> getSourceLaneAffineMapping(const ComputeStepTuple &stepTuple) {
+  if (stepTuple.instances.empty())
+    return std::nullopt;
+  const ComputeInstance &reference = stepTuple.instances.front();
+  for (const ComputeInstance &instance : stepTuple.instances) {
+    if (instance.op != reference.op || instance.laneCount != reference.laneCount)
+      return std::nullopt;
+  }
+
+  for (size_t index = 0; index < stepTuple.instances.size(); ++index) {
+    uint32_t expectedLaneStart = reference.laneStart + static_cast<uint32_t>(index) * reference.laneCount;
+    if (stepTuple.instances[index].laneStart != expectedLaneStart)
+      return std::nullopt;
+  }
+
+  return SourceLaneAffineMapping {reference.laneStart, reference.laneCount};
+}
+
+inline bool usesAffineSourceLaneMapping(const ComputeStepTuple &stepTuple) {
+  return getSourceLaneAffineMapping(stepTuple).has_value();
+}
+
+inline SmallVector<uint32_t> collectSourceLaneStarts(const ComputeStepTuple &stepTuple) {
+  SmallVector<uint32_t> sourceLaneStarts;
+  sourceLaneStarts.reserve(stepTuple.instances.size());
+  for (const ComputeInstance &instance : stepTuple.instances)
+    sourceLaneStarts.push_back(instance.laneStart);
+  return sourceLaneStarts;
+}
+
+inline Value createI64LookupTableConstant(OpBuilder &builder, Operation *constantAnchor, ArrayRef<int64_t> values) {
+  RankedTensorType tableType = RankedTensorType::get({static_cast<int64_t>(values.size())}, builder.getI64Type());
+  DenseElementsAttr tableAttr = DenseElementsAttr::get(tableType, values);
+  return getOrCreateConstant(builder, constantAnchor, tableAttr, tableType);
+}
+
+inline FailureOr<Value> createEmptyTensorForType(OpBuilder &builder, Location loc, Type type) {
+  auto tensorType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(type);
+  if (!tensorType || !tensorType.hasStaticShape())
+    return failure();
+  return tensor::EmptyOp::create(builder, loc, tensorType.getShape(), tensorType.getElementType()).getResult();
+}
+
+} // namespace spatial
+} // namespace onnx_mlir
+
+namespace llvm {
+template <>
+struct DenseMapInfo<onnx_mlir::spatial::ProducerValueKey> {
+  static onnx_mlir::spatial::ProducerValueKey getEmptyKey() {
+    return {DenseMapInfo<onnx_mlir::spatial::ComputeInstance>::getEmptyKey(), std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()};
+  }
+  static onnx_mlir::spatial::ProducerValueKey getTombstoneKey() {
+    return {DenseMapInfo<onnx_mlir::spatial::ComputeInstance>::getTombstoneKey(), std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()};
+  }
+  static unsigned getHashValue(const onnx_mlir::spatial::ProducerValueKey &key) {
+    return hash_combine(DenseMapInfo<onnx_mlir::spatial::ComputeInstance>::getHashValue(key.instance), key.resultIndex);
+  }
+  static bool isEqual(const onnx_mlir::spatial::ProducerValueKey &lhs,
+                      const onnx_mlir::spatial::ProducerValueKey &rhs) {
+    return lhs == rhs;
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct DenseMapInfo<onnx_mlir::spatial::GraphComputeBlockKey> {
+  static onnx_mlir::spatial::GraphComputeBlockKey getEmptyKey() {
+    return {DenseMapInfo<mlir::Operation *>::getEmptyKey(), UINT32_MAX, UINT32_MAX};
+  }
+  static onnx_mlir::spatial::GraphComputeBlockKey getTombstoneKey() {
+    return {DenseMapInfo<mlir::Operation *>::getTombstoneKey(), UINT32_MAX, UINT32_MAX - 1};
+  }
+  static unsigned getHashValue(const onnx_mlir::spatial::GraphComputeBlockKey &key) {
+    return hash_combine(key.op, key.laneStart, key.laneCount);
+  }
+  static bool isEqual(const onnx_mlir::spatial::GraphComputeBlockKey &lhs,
+                      const onnx_mlir::spatial::GraphComputeBlockKey &rhs) {
+    return lhs == rhs;
+  }
+};
+} // namespace llvm

src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/MergeComputeNodes/ScheduledComputeReport.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+#include "ScheduledComputeReport.hpp"
+
+#include "llvm/Support/raw_os_ostream.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/DebugDump.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/Support/Diagnostics.hpp"
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+namespace spatial {
+
+using namespace mlir;
+namespace {
+
+static std::string formatValueLabel(Value value, AsmState &asmState) {
+  std::string storage;
+  llvm::raw_string_ostream os(storage);
+  value.printAsOperand(os, asmState);
+  return storage;
+}
+
+static std::string formatOperationLabel(Operation *op, AsmState &asmState) {
+  if (op->getNumResults() == 0)
+    return op->getName().getStringRef().str();
+  std::string storage;
+  llvm::raw_string_ostream os(storage);
+  llvm::interleaveComma(op->getResults(), os, [&](Value result) { os << formatValueLabel(result, asmState); });
+  return os.str();
+}
+
+static std::string formatGraphComputeBlockKey(const GraphComputeBlockKey &key, AsmState &asmState) {
+  return llvm::formatv("{0} {1}", formatOperationLabel(key.op, asmState), key.op->getName().getStringRef()).str();
+}
+
+static std::string formatComputeInstanceForReport(const ComputeInstance &instance, AsmState &asmState) {
+  std::string opLabel = formatGraphComputeBlockKey(getGraphComputeBlockKey(instance), asmState);
+  if (isa<SpatCompute>(instance.op))
+    return opLabel;
+  return llvm::formatv("{0} sourceLanes [{1}:{2}]",
+                       opLabel,
+                       instance.laneStart,
+                       instance.laneStart + instance.laneCount)
+    .str();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static void printIndexedList(raw_ostream &os, ArrayRef<T> values) {
+  os << "[";
+  llvm::interleaveComma(llvm::enumerate(values), os, [&](auto indexedValue) {
+    os << indexedValue.index() << ":" << indexedValue.value();
+  });
+  os << "]";
+}
+
+struct PeftMaterializationReportSummary {
+  size_t scalarGraphCompute = 0;
+  size_t graphComputeBatchOps = 0;
+  size_t scalarGraphComputeInstances = 0;
+  size_t graphComputeBatchInstances = 0;
+  size_t peftClasses = 0;
+  size_t singleCpuClasses = 0;
+  size_t multiCpuClasses = 0;
+  size_t scheduledCompute = 0;
+  size_t scheduledComputeBatch = 0;
+  size_t deferredCommunication = 0;
+  size_t deferredCommunicationMultiSourcePayloads = 0;
+};
+
+static PeftMaterializationReportSummary buildPeftMaterializationReportSummary(
+  func::FuncOp funcOp,
+  const MergeScheduleResult &schedule,
+  const llvm::MapVector<size_t, PeftClassPlan> &peftClassPlans,
+  ArrayRef<ScheduledMaterializationRecord> materializedSchedules) {
+  PeftMaterializationReportSummary summary;
+  for (Operation &op : funcOp.getOps()) {
+    if (isa<SpatGraphCompute>(op))
+      summary.scalarGraphCompute++;
+    else if (isa<SpatGraphComputeBatch>(op)) {
+      summary.graphComputeBatchOps++;
+    }
+  }
+  for (const ComputeInstance &instance : schedule.dominanceOrderCompute)
+    (isa<SpatCompute>(instance.op) ? summary.scalarGraphComputeInstances : summary.graphComputeBatchInstances)++;
+  summary.peftClasses = peftClassPlans.size();
+  for (const auto &entry : peftClassPlans)
+    (entry.second.cpus.size() == 1 ? summary.singleCpuClasses : summary.multiCpuClasses)++;
+  for (const ScheduledMaterializationRecord &record : materializedSchedules) {
+    if (isa<SpatScheduledCompute>(record.scheduledOp))
+      summary.scheduledCompute++;
+    else
+      summary.scheduledComputeBatch++;
+  }
+  funcOp.walk([&](SpatDeferredCommunicationOp transfer) {
+    summary.deferredCommunication++;
+    if (transfer.getSources().size() > 1)
+      summary.deferredCommunicationMultiSourcePayloads++;
+  });
+  return summary;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+LogicalResult verifyPeftMaterializationReportSummary(func::FuncOp funcOp,
+                                                            const MergeScheduleResult &schedule,
+                                                            const llvm::MapVector<size_t, PeftClassPlan> &peftClassPlans,
+                                                            ArrayRef<ScheduledMaterializationRecord> materializedSchedules) {
+  PeftMaterializationReportSummary summary =
+    buildPeftMaterializationReportSummary(funcOp, schedule, peftClassPlans, materializedSchedules);
+  pim::CappedDiagnosticReporter diagnostics;
+  if (summary.peftClasses != peftClassPlans.size())
+    diagnostics.report(funcOp.getOperation(), [&](Operation *illegalOp) {
+      illegalOp->emitOpError() << "phase-check report PEFT total " << summary.peftClasses
+                               << " does not match classes.size() " << peftClassPlans.size();
+    });
+  if (summary.scalarGraphComputeInstances + summary.graphComputeBatchInstances != schedule.dominanceOrderCompute.size())
+    diagnostics.report(funcOp.getOperation(), [&](Operation *illegalOp) {
+      illegalOp->emitOpError() << "phase-check report total compute instances "
+                               << (summary.scalarGraphComputeInstances + summary.graphComputeBatchInstances)
+                               << " does not match schedule size " << schedule.dominanceOrderCompute.size();
+    });
+  if (summary.scheduledCompute + summary.scheduledComputeBatch != materializedSchedules.size())
+    diagnostics.report(funcOp.getOperation(), [&](Operation *illegalOp) {
+      illegalOp->emitOpError() << "phase-check report scheduled total "
+                               << (summary.scheduledCompute + summary.scheduledComputeBatch)
+                               << " does not match materialized scheduled ops " << materializedSchedules.size();
+    });
+  diagnostics.emitSuppressedSummary(funcOp, "scheduled Spatial report verification failed");
+  return success(!diagnostics.hasFailure());
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+static std::string formatStepResultRange(size_t resultOffset, size_t resultCount) {
+  if (resultCount == 1)
+    return llvm::formatv("result[{0}]", resultOffset).str();
+  return llvm::formatv("result[{0}:{1}]", resultOffset, resultOffset + resultCount).str();
+}
+
+static void printMultiSourceDeferredInputs(raw_ostream &os, Block &block) {
+  unsigned deferredInputIndex = 0;
+  for (Operation &op : block.getOperations()) {
+    auto transfer = dyn_cast<SpatDeferredCommunicationOp>(&op);
+    if (!transfer)
+      continue;
+    auto multiSourcePayload = transfer->getAttrOfType<BoolAttr>("multi_source_payload");
+    auto sourceOperandForScheduledLane =
+      transfer->getAttrOfType<DenseI64ArrayAttr>("source_operand_for_scheduled_lane");
+    if (multiSourcePayload && multiSourcePayload.getValue() && sourceOperandForScheduledLane) {
+      SmallVector<size_t> sourceOperandIndexes;
+      for (int64_t sourceOperandIndex : sourceOperandForScheduledLane.asArrayRef())
+        sourceOperandIndexes.push_back(static_cast<size_t>(sourceOperandIndex));
+      os << "    deferred input " << deferredInputIndex << ": multi-source uniqueSources="
+         << transfer.getSources().size() << " sourceOperandForScheduledLane=";
+      printIndexedList(os, ArrayRef<size_t>(sourceOperandIndexes));
+      os << "\n";
+    }
+    deferredInputIndex++;
+  }
+}
+
+static void dumpPeftMaterializationReport(ModuleOp moduleOp,
+                                          func::FuncOp funcOp,
+                                          const MergeScheduleResult &schedule,
+                                          const llvm::MapVector<size_t, PeftClassPlan> &peftClassPlans,
+                                          ArrayRef<ScheduledMaterializationRecord> materializedSchedules,
+                                          ScheduledComputePrintContext &printContext) {
+  std::fstream file = openDialectDumpFileWithExtension("spatial2_scheduled_no_comm", "/reports", "txt");
+  if (!file.is_open())
+    return;
+
+  llvm::raw_os_ostream os(file);
+  AsmState &asmState = printContext.asmState;
+  PeftMaterializationReportSummary summary =
+    buildPeftMaterializationReportSummary(funcOp, schedule, peftClassPlans, materializedSchedules);
+
+  os << "Summary\n";
+  os << "=======\n";
+  os << "Graph computes:\n";
+  os << "  total: " << (summary.scalarGraphCompute + summary.graphComputeBatchOps) << "\n";
+  os << "  scalar graph_compute: " << summary.scalarGraphCompute << "\n";
+  os << "  graph_compute_batch: " << summary.graphComputeBatchOps << "\n";
+  os << "Compute instances:\n";
+  os << "  total: " << (summary.scalarGraphComputeInstances + summary.graphComputeBatchInstances) << "\n";
+  os << "  scalar graph_compute instances: " << summary.scalarGraphComputeInstances << "\n";
+  os << "  graph_compute_batch instances: " << summary.graphComputeBatchInstances << "\n";
+  os << "PEFT classes:\n";
+  os << "  total: " << summary.peftClasses << "\n";
+  os << "  single-cpu: " << summary.singleCpuClasses << "\n";
+  os << "  multi-cpu: " << summary.multiCpuClasses << "\n";
+  os << "Scheduled ops:\n";
+  os << "  total: " << (summary.scheduledCompute + summary.scheduledComputeBatch) << "\n";
+  os << "  scheduled_compute: " << summary.scheduledCompute << "\n";
+  os << "  scheduled_compute_batch: " << summary.scheduledComputeBatch << "\n";
+  os << "Deferred communications:\n";
+  os << "  total: " << summary.deferredCommunication << "\n";
+  os << "  multi-source payloads: " << summary.deferredCommunicationMultiSourcePayloads << "\n\n";
+
+  os << "PEFT Classes\n";
+  os << "============\n";
+  for (const auto &entry : peftClassPlans) {
+    const PeftClassPlan &peftClassPlan = entry.second;
+    os << "C" << peftClassPlan.canonicalClassId << " "
+       << (peftClassPlan.cpus.size() == 1 ? "single-cpu" : "multi-cpu") << " PEFT class\n";
+    if (peftClassPlan.cpus.size() == 1) {
+      size_t cpu = peftClassPlan.cpus.front();
+      os << "  cpu: " << cpu << "\n";
+      os << "  steps: " << peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu.lookup(cpu).size() << "\n";
+      for (auto [stepIndex, instance] : llvm::enumerate(peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu.lookup(cpu)))
+        os << "  step " << stepIndex << ": " << formatComputeInstanceForReport(instance, asmState) << "\n";
+    } else {
+      os << "  scheduled lanes: " << peftClassPlan.cpus.size() << "\n";
+      os << "  steps: " << peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu.lookup(peftClassPlan.cpus.front()).size() << "\n";
+      os << "  cpus by scheduled lane:\n";
+      os << "    ";
+      printIndexedList(os, ArrayRef<size_t>(peftClassPlan.cpus));
+      os << "\n";
+      os << "  step sources:\n";
+      for (auto [stepIndex, stepTuple] : llvm::enumerate(buildComputeStepTuples(peftClassPlan)))
+        os << "    step " << stepIndex << ": "
+           << formatGraphComputeBlockKey(getGraphComputeBlockKey(stepTuple.instances.front()), asmState) << "\n";
+    }
+    os << "\n";
+  }
+
+  os << "Materialized Scheduled Ops\n";
+  os << "=========================\n";
+  for (const ScheduledMaterializationRecord &record : materializedSchedules) {
+    os << "C" << record.canonicalPeftClassId << " -> " << formatOperationLabel(record.scheduledOp, asmState) << " "
+       << record.scheduledOp->getName().getStringRef() << "\n";
+    os << "  kind: "
+       << (isa<SpatScheduledCompute>(record.scheduledOp) ? "single-cpu scheduled_compute"
+                                                         : "multi-cpu scheduled_compute_batch")
+       << "\n";
+    if (isa<SpatScheduledCompute>(record.scheduledOp))
+      os << "  cpu: " << record.cpus.front() << "\n";
+    else
+      os << "  scheduled lanes: " << record.cpus.size() << "\n";
+    os << "  results: " << record.scheduledOp->getNumResults() << "\n";
+    os << "  steps: "
+       << (isa<SpatScheduledCompute>(record.scheduledOp)
+             ? peftClassPlans.lookup(record.canonicalPeftClassId).instancesByCpu.lookup(record.cpus.front()).size()
+             : record.stepPlans.size())
+       << "\n";
+    if (isa<SpatScheduledComputeBatch>(record.scheduledOp)) {
+      os << "  cpus by scheduled lane:\n";
+      os << "    ";
+      printIndexedList(os, ArrayRef<size_t>(record.cpus));
+      os << "\n\n";
+    }
+    if (isa<SpatScheduledCompute>(record.scheduledOp)) {
+      const PeftClassPlan &peftClassPlan = peftClassPlans.lookup(record.canonicalPeftClassId);
+      size_t cpu = peftClassPlan.cpus.front();
+      size_t resultOffset = 0;
+      for (auto [stepIndex, instance] : llvm::enumerate(peftClassPlan.instancesByCpu.lookup(cpu))) {
+        size_t resultCount = getComputeInstanceResultValueCount(instance);
+        os << "  step " << stepIndex << " " << formatStepResultRange(resultOffset, resultCount) << " "
+           << formatComputeInstanceForReport(instance, asmState) << "\n";
+        resultOffset += resultCount;
+      }
+    } else {
+      auto scheduledBatch = cast<SpatScheduledComputeBatch>(record.scheduledOp);
+      for (auto [stepIndex, stepPlan] : llvm::enumerate(record.stepPlans)) {
+        const ComputeInstance &representative = stepPlan.stepTuple.instances.front();
+        SmallVector<uint32_t> sourceLaneStarts = collectSourceLaneStarts(stepPlan.stepTuple);
+        os << "  step " << stepIndex << " " << formatStepResultRange(stepPlan.resultOffset, stepPlan.resultCount) << " "
+           << formatGraphComputeBlockKey(getGraphComputeBlockKey(representative), asmState)
+           << " lanesPerScheduledLane=" << representative.laneCount << " sourceLaneSelector="
+           << (usesAffineSourceLaneMapping(stepPlan.stepTuple) ? "affine" : "table") << "\n";
+        os << "    source lanes by scheduled lane:\n";
+        os << "      ";
+        printIndexedList(os, ArrayRef<uint32_t>(sourceLaneStarts));
+        os << "\n";
+        Block &stepBlock = *std::next(scheduledBatch.getBody().begin(), stepIndex);
+        printMultiSourceDeferredInputs(os, stepBlock);
+      }
+    }
+    os << "\n";
+  }
+}
+
+
+} // namespace
+
+void dumpScheduledComputeReportAndModule(ModuleOp moduleOp,
+                                         func::FuncOp funcOp,
+                                         const MergeScheduleResult &schedule,
+                                         const llvm::MapVector<size_t, PeftClassPlan> &peftClassPlans,
+                                         ArrayRef<ScheduledMaterializationRecord> materializedSchedules) {
+  OpPrintingFlags flags;
+  flags.elideLargeElementsAttrs().enableDebugInfo(false, false).assumeVerified();
+  ScheduledComputePrintContext printContext(moduleOp, flags);
+  dumpPeftMaterializationReport(moduleOp, funcOp, schedule, peftClassPlans, materializedSchedules, printContext);
+
+  std::fstream file = openDialectDumpFileWithExtension("spatial2_scheduled_no_comm", "/dialects", "mlir");
+  if (!file.is_open())
+    return;
+  llvm::raw_os_ostream os(file);
+  moduleOp.getOperation()->print(os, printContext.asmState);
+  os.flush();
+}
+
+} // namespace spatial
+} // namespace onnx_mlir