reimplement pool lowering

add pool validation align PIM ops/codegen/parser with the ISA move constant materialization to MLIR rename the PIM verification/materialization passes better folded-constant handling
2026-03-23 19:14:50 +01:00
parent 461bdd808d
commit 661170a9aa
30 changed files with 912 additions and 512 deletions
--- a/backend-simulators/pim/pim-simulator/src/lib/instruction_set/isa.rs
+++ b/backend-simulators/pim/pim-simulator/src/lib/instruction_set/isa.rs
@@ -530,6 +530,7 @@ where
    let r2_val = r2;
    ensure!(r2_val == 1, "Stride different than 1 not supported");
    let rd_val = core.register(rd);
+    ensure!(offset_select == 1, "Offset select cannot be different from 1");
    let r1_val = add_offset_r1(r1_val, offset_select, offset_value);
    let loads = core.reserve_load(r1_val, imm_len)?.execute_load::<F>()?;
    let load1 = loads[0];
--- a/backend-simulators/pim/pim-simulator/src/lib/json_to_instruction/json_isa.rs
+++ b/backend-simulators/pim/pim-simulator/src/lib/json_to_instruction/json_isa.rs
@@ -224,7 +224,21 @@ fn json_to_vvsub(
    inst_data_builder: &mut InstructionDataBuilder,
    json: &Value,
 ) -> Result<()> {
-    todo!("Not present in the compiler");
+    let json = json.as_object().expect("Not an object");
+    assert_eq!("vvsub", json_str!(json, "op"));
+    let rd = json_i64!(json, "rd") as i32;
+    let rs1 = json_i64!(json, "rs1") as i32;
+    let rs2 = json_i64!(json, "rs2") as i32;
+    let len = json_i64!(json, "len") as i32;
+    let (offset_select, offset_value) = json_to_offset(json.get("offset").unwrap());
+    inst_data_builder
+        .set_rd(rd)
+        .set_r1(rs1)
+        .set_r2(rs2)
+        .set_imm_len(len)
+        .set_offset_select(offset_select)
+        .set_offset_value(offset_value);
+    inst_builder.make_inst(vvsub, inst_data_builder.build());
    Ok(())
 }

@@ -256,7 +270,21 @@ fn json_to_vvdmul(
    inst_data_builder: &mut InstructionDataBuilder,
    json: &Value,
 ) -> Result<()> {
-    todo!("Not present in the compiler");
+    let json = json.as_object().expect("Not an object");
+    assert_eq!("vvdmul", json_str!(json, "op"));
+    let rd = json_i64!(json, "rd") as i32;
+    let rs1 = json_i64!(json, "rs1") as i32;
+    let rs2 = json_i64!(json, "rs2") as i32;
+    let len = json_i64!(json, "len") as i32;
+    let (offset_select, offset_value) = json_to_offset(json.get("offset").unwrap());
+    inst_data_builder
+        .set_rd(rd)
+        .set_r1(rs1)
+        .set_r2(rs2)
+        .set_imm_len(len)
+        .set_offset_select(offset_select)
+        .set_offset_value(offset_value);
+    inst_builder.make_inst(vvdmul, inst_data_builder.build());
    Ok(())
 }

@@ -306,7 +334,21 @@ fn json_to_vavg(
    inst_data_builder: &mut InstructionDataBuilder,
    json: &Value,
 ) -> Result<()> {
-    todo!("Not present in the compiler");
+    let json = json.as_object().expect("Not an object");
+    assert_eq!("vavg", json_str!(json, "op"));
+    let rd = json_i64!(json, "rd") as i32;
+    let rs1 = json_i64!(json, "rs1") as i32;
+    let rs2 = json_i64!(json, "rs2") as i32;
+    let len = json_i64!(json, "len") as i32;
+    let (offset_select, offset_value) = json_to_offset(json.get("offset").unwrap());
+    inst_data_builder
+        .set_rd(rd)
+        .set_r1(rs1)
+        .set_r2(rs2)
+        .set_imm_len(len)
+        .set_offset_select(offset_select)
+        .set_offset_value(offset_value);
+    inst_builder.make_inst(vavg, inst_data_builder.build());
    Ok(())
 }

@@ -358,7 +400,7 @@ fn json_to_vsigm(
    json: &Value,
 ) -> Result<()> {
    let json = json.as_object().expect("Not an object");
-    assert_eq!("vsigmoid", json_str!(json, "op"));
+    assert_eq!("vsigm", json_str!(json, "op"));
    let rd = json_i64!(json, "rd") as i32;
    let rs1 = json_i64!(json, "rs1") as i32;
    let len = json_i64!(json, "len") as i32;
--- a/src/PIM/Compiler/PimCodeGen.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Compiler/PimCodeGen.cpp
@@ -237,14 +237,16 @@ void PimCodeGen::codeGenMVMLikeOp(size_t mvmId, MVMTy mvmLikeOp, bool transposeM
  // TODO: save weights somewhere (if transposeMatrix=true, transpose the weight matrix)
 }

-void PimCodeGen::codeGenVAddOp(pim::PimVAddOp vaddOp) const {
-  auto outBufAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vaddOp.getOutBuf());
-  auto aAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vaddOp.getA());
-  auto bAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vaddOp.getB());
-  setupRdRs1Rs2(outBufAddr, 0, aAddr, 0, bAddr, 0);
+static size_t getValueSizeInBytes(mlir::Value value) {
+  auto type = cast<ShapedType>(value.getType());
+  return type.getNumElements() * type.getElementTypeBitWidth() / 8;
+}

-  auto outputType = cast<MemRefType>(vaddOp.getOutBuf().getType());
-  size_t totalBytes = outputType.getNumElements() * vaddOp.getOutRes().getType().getElementTypeBitWidth() / 8;
+void PimCodeGen::codeGenVVAddOp(pim::PimVVAddOp vvaddOp) const {
+  auto outBufAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vvaddOp.getOutBuf());
+  auto aAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vvaddOp.getA());
+  auto bAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vvaddOp.getB());
+  setupRdRs1Rs2(outBufAddr, 0, aAddr, 0, bAddr, 0);

  json::Object json;
  json["op"] = "vvadd";
@@ -252,14 +254,46 @@ void PimCodeGen::codeGenVAddOp(pim::PimVAddOp vaddOp) const {
  json["rs1"] = 1;
  json["rs2"] = 2;
  json["offset"] = createEmptyOffset();
-  json["len"] = totalBytes;
+  json["len"] = getValueSizeInBytes(vvaddOp.getA());
  emitInstruction(std::move(json));
 }

-void PimCodeGen::codeGenVMaxOp(pim::PimVMaxOp vmaxOp) const {
-  auto outBufAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vmaxOp.getOutBuf());
-  auto aAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vmaxOp.getA());
-  auto bAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vmaxOp.getB());
+void PimCodeGen::codeGenVVSubOp(pim::PimVVSubOp vvsubOp) const {
+  auto outBufAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vvsubOp.getOutBuf());
+  auto aAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vvsubOp.getA());
+  auto bAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vvsubOp.getB());
+  setupRdRs1Rs2(outBufAddr, 0, aAddr, 0, bAddr, 0);
+
+  json::Object json;
+  json["op"] = "vvsub";
+  json["rd"] = 0;
+  json["rs1"] = 1;
+  json["rs2"] = 2;
+  json["offset"] = createEmptyOffset();
+  json["len"] = getValueSizeInBytes(vvsubOp.getA());
+  emitInstruction(std::move(json));
+}
+
+void PimCodeGen::codeGenVVMulOp(pim::PimVVMulOp vvmulOp) const {
+  auto outBufAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vvmulOp.getOutBuf());
+  auto aAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vvmulOp.getA());
+  auto bAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vvmulOp.getB());
+  setupRdRs1Rs2(outBufAddr, 0, aAddr, 0, bAddr, 0);
+
+  json::Object json;
+  json["op"] = "vvmul";
+  json["rd"] = 0;
+  json["rs1"] = 1;
+  json["rs2"] = 2;
+  json["offset"] = createEmptyOffset();
+  json["len"] = getValueSizeInBytes(vvmulOp.getA());
+  emitInstruction(std::move(json));
+}
+
+void PimCodeGen::codeGenVVMaxOp(pim::PimVVMaxOp vvmaxOp) const {
+  auto outBufAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vvmaxOp.getOutBuf());
+  auto aAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vvmaxOp.getA());
+  auto bAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vvmaxOp.getB());
  setupRdRs1Rs2(outBufAddr, 0, aAddr, 0, bAddr, 0);

  json::Object json;
@@ -268,6 +302,37 @@ void PimCodeGen::codeGenVMaxOp(pim::PimVMaxOp vmaxOp) const {
  json["rs1"] = 1;
  json["rs2"] = 2;
  json["offset"] = createEmptyOffset();
+  json["len"] = getValueSizeInBytes(vvmaxOp.getA());
+  emitInstruction(std::move(json));
+}
+
+void PimCodeGen::codeGenVVDMulOp(pim::PimVVDMulOp vvdmulOp) const {
+  auto outBufAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vvdmulOp.getOutBuf());
+  auto aAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vvdmulOp.getA());
+  auto bAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vvdmulOp.getB());
+  setupRdRs1Rs2(outBufAddr, 0, aAddr, 0, bAddr, 0);
+
+  json::Object json;
+  json["op"] = "vvdmul";
+  json["rd"] = 0;
+  json["rs1"] = 1;
+  json["rs2"] = 2;
+  json["offset"] = createEmptyOffset();
+  json["len"] = getValueSizeInBytes(vvdmulOp.getA());
+  emitInstruction(std::move(json));
+}
+
+void PimCodeGen::codeGenVAvgOp(pim::PimVAvgOp vavgOp) const {
+  auto outBufAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vavgOp.getOutBuf());
+  auto aAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vavgOp.getA());
+  setupRdRs1(outBufAddr, 0, aAddr, 0);
+
+  json::Object json;
+  json["op"] = "vavg";
+  json["rd"] = 0;
+  json["rs1"] = 1;
+  json["offset"] = createEmptyOffset();
+  json["len"] = getValueSizeInBytes(vavgOp.getA());
  emitInstruction(std::move(json));
 }

@@ -281,6 +346,35 @@ void PimCodeGen::codeGenVReluOp(pim::PimVReluOp vreluOp) const {
  json["rd"] = 0;
  json["rs1"] = 1;
  json["offset"] = createEmptyOffset();
+  json["len"] = getValueSizeInBytes(vreluOp.getA());
+  emitInstruction(std::move(json));
+}
+
+void PimCodeGen::codeGenVTanhOp(pim::PimVTanhOp vtanhOp) const {
+  auto outBufAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vtanhOp.getOutBuf());
+  auto aAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vtanhOp.getA());
+  setupRdRs1(outBufAddr, 0, aAddr, 0);
+
+  json::Object json;
+  json["op"] = "vtanh";
+  json["rd"] = 0;
+  json["rs1"] = 1;
+  json["offset"] = createEmptyOffset();
+  json["len"] = getValueSizeInBytes(vtanhOp.getA());
+  emitInstruction(std::move(json));
+}
+
+void PimCodeGen::codeGenVSigmOp(pim::PimVSigmOp vsigmOp) const {
+  auto outBufAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vsigmOp.getOutBuf());
+  auto aAddr = memory.getValueAddress(vsigmOp.getA());
+  setupRdRs1(outBufAddr, 0, aAddr, 0);
+
+  json::Object json;
+  json["op"] = "vsigm";
+  json["rd"] = 0;
+  json["rs1"] = 1;
+  json["offset"] = createEmptyOffset();
+  json["len"] = getValueSizeInBytes(vsigmOp.getA());
  emitInstruction(std::move(json));
 }

@@ -338,6 +432,7 @@ void PimCodeGen::codeGenApplyFiltersOp(pim::PimApplyFiltersOp applyFiltersOp) co
        vaddJson["rs1"] = 1;
        vaddJson["rs2"] = 2;
        vaddJson["offset"] = createEmptyOffset();
+        vaddJson["len"] = 32 * outChannels;
        emitInstruction(std::move(vaddJson));
      }
    }
@@ -479,13 +574,25 @@ static int64_t codeGenCoreOps(pim::PimCoreOp coreOp, PimCodeGen& coreCodeGen) {
      coreCodeGen.codeGenApplyFiltersOp(applyFiltersOp);
    else if (auto transposeOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimTransposeOp>(op))
      coreCodeGen.codeGenTransposeOp(transposeOp);
-    else if (auto vaddOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimVAddOp>(op))
-      coreCodeGen.codeGenVAddOp(vaddOp);
-    else if (auto vmaxOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimVMaxOp>(op))
-      coreCodeGen.codeGenVMaxOp(vmaxOp);
+    else if (auto vvaddOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimVVAddOp>(op))
+      coreCodeGen.codeGenVVAddOp(vvaddOp);
+    else if (auto vvsubOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimVVSubOp>(op))
+      coreCodeGen.codeGenVVSubOp(vvsubOp);
+    else if (auto vvmulOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimVVMulOp>(op))
+      coreCodeGen.codeGenVVMulOp(vvmulOp);
+    else if (auto vvmaxOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimVVMaxOp>(op))
+      coreCodeGen.codeGenVVMaxOp(vvmaxOp);
+    else if (auto vvdmulOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimVVDMulOp>(op))
+      coreCodeGen.codeGenVVDMulOp(vvdmulOp);
+    else if (auto vavgOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimVAvgOp>(op))
+      coreCodeGen.codeGenVAvgOp(vavgOp);
    else if (auto vreluOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimVReluOp>(op))
      coreCodeGen.codeGenVReluOp(vreluOp);
-    else if (isa<pim::PimSumOp, pim::PimVSDivOp, pim::PimVExpOp>(op)) {
+    else if (auto vtanhOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimVTanhOp>(op))
+      coreCodeGen.codeGenVTanhOp(vtanhOp);
+    else if (auto vsigmOp = dyn_cast<pim::PimVSigmOp>(op))
+      coreCodeGen.codeGenVSigmOp(vsigmOp);
+    else if (isa<pim::PimSumOp>(op)) {
      // TODO: Implement somehow?
      op.emitWarning("Operation is not yet supported in code generation");
      continue;
--- a/src/PIM/Compiler/PimCodeGen.hpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Compiler/PimCodeGen.hpp
@@ -90,9 +90,15 @@ public:
  template <typename MVMTy>
  void codeGenMVMLikeOp(size_t mvmId, MVMTy mvmLikeOp, bool transposeMatrix);

-  void codeGenVAddOp(pim::PimVAddOp vaddOp) const;
-  void codeGenVMaxOp(pim::PimVMaxOp vmaxOp) const;
+  void codeGenVVAddOp(pim::PimVVAddOp vvaddOp) const;
+  void codeGenVVSubOp(pim::PimVVSubOp vvsubOp) const;
+  void codeGenVVMulOp(pim::PimVVMulOp vvmulOp) const;
+  void codeGenVVMaxOp(pim::PimVVMaxOp vvmaxOp) const;
+  void codeGenVVDMulOp(pim::PimVVDMulOp vvdmulOp) const;
+  void codeGenVAvgOp(pim::PimVAvgOp vavgOp) const;
  void codeGenVReluOp(pim::PimVReluOp vreluOp) const;
+  void codeGenVTanhOp(pim::PimVTanhOp vtanhOp) const;
+  void codeGenVSigmOp(pim::PimVSigmOp vsigmOp) const;
  void codeGenApplyFiltersOp(pim::PimApplyFiltersOp applyFiltersOp) const;
  void codeGenTransposeOp(pim::PimTransposeOp transposeOp) const;
 };
--- a/src/PIM/Compiler/PimCompilerUtils.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Compiler/PimCompilerUtils.cpp
@@ -47,8 +47,9 @@ void addPassesPim(OwningOpRef<ModuleOp>& module,
  if (pimEmissionTarget >= EmitPimCodegen) {
    pm.addPass(createPimConstantFoldingPass());
    pm.addPass(createMessagePass("Pim constants folded"));
-    pm.addPass(createPimHostVerificationPass());
-    pm.addPass(createMessagePass("Pim host verified"));
+    pm.addPass(createPimMaterializeConstantsPass());
+    pm.addPass(createPimVerificationPass());
+    pm.addPass(createMessagePass("Pim verified"));
    pm.addPass(createEmitPimJsonPass());
    // pm.addPass(createCountInstructionPass());
    pm.addPass(createMessagePass("Pim json code emitted"));
--- a/src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ add_pim_library(OMONNXToSpatial
  Patterns/Math/Gemm.cpp
  Patterns/Math/Conv.cpp
  Patterns/Math/MatMul.cpp
-  Patterns/NN/Pooling.cpp
+  Patterns/NN/Pool.cpp
  Patterns/NN/ReduceMean.cpp
  Patterns/Tensor/Concat.cpp
  Patterns/Tensor/Reshape.cpp
--- a/src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/ONNXToSpatialPass.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/ONNXToSpatialPass.cpp
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ void ONNXToSpatialPass::runOnOperation() {
  patterns.add<removeLRNPattern>(ctx);

  populateConvOpPatterns(patterns, ctx);
-  populatePoolingTilingPattern(patterns, ctx);
+  populatePoolTilingPattern(patterns, ctx);
  populateOnnxGemmOpPatterns(patterns, ctx);
  populateReshapeConversionPattern(patterns, ctx);

--- a/src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns.hpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns.hpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ void populateMatMulRewritePatterns(mlir::RewritePatternSet& patterns, mlir::MLIR

 void populateOnnxGemmOpPatterns(mlir::RewritePatternSet& patterns, mlir::MLIRContext* ctx);

-void populatePoolingTilingPattern(mlir::RewritePatternSet& patterns, mlir::MLIRContext* ctx);
+void populatePoolTilingPattern(mlir::RewritePatternSet& patterns, mlir::MLIRContext* ctx);

 void populateONNXConcatToTensorConcatPattern(mlir::RewritePatternSet& patterns, mlir::MLIRContext* ctx);

--- a/src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns/NN/Pool.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns/NN/Pool.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinAttributes.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
+
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <optional>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Compiler/PimCompilerOptions.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
+#include "src/Dialect/ONNX/ONNXOps.hpp"
+
+using namespace mlir;
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+namespace {
+
+template <typename ArrayAttrT>
+static int64_t getI64(ArrayAttrT arrayAttr, size_t index) {
+  return cast<IntegerAttr>(arrayAttr[index]).getInt();
+}
+
+template <typename ArrayAttrT>
+static int64_t getOptionalI64(std::optional<ArrayAttrT> arrayAttr, size_t index, int64_t defaultValue) {
+  return arrayAttr ? getI64(*arrayAttr, index) : defaultValue;
+}
+
+static Value concatAlongAxis(ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, int64_t axis, ArrayRef<Value> values) {
+  assert(!values.empty() && "Expected at least one value to concatenate.");
+  if (values.size() == 1)
+    return values.front();
+  return tensor::ConcatOp::create(rewriter, loc, axis, values);
+}
+
+static Value materializeContiguousTile(ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, Value tile) {
+  auto tileType = cast<RankedTensorType>(tile.getType());
+  Value empty = tensor::EmptyOp::create(rewriter, loc, tileType.getShape(), tileType.getElementType());
+
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> offsets(tileType.getRank(), rewriter.getIndexAttr(0));
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> sizes;
+  sizes.reserve(tileType.getRank());
+  for (int64_t dimSize : tileType.getShape())
+    sizes.push_back(rewriter.getIndexAttr(dimSize));
+  SmallVector<OpFoldResult> strides(tileType.getRank(), rewriter.getIndexAttr(1));
+
+  return tensor::InsertSliceOp::create(rewriter, loc, tile, empty, offsets, sizes, strides);
+}
+
+template <typename ReduceOp>
+static Value reduceWindowValues(ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, ArrayRef<Value> windowValues) {
+  assert(!windowValues.empty() && "Expected at least one pool window value.");
+
+  Value reduced = windowValues.front();
+  for (Value value : windowValues.drop_front())
+    reduced = ReduceOp::create(rewriter, loc, reduced.getType(), reduced, value);
+  return reduced;
+}
+
+static Value
+scaleAverageWindow(ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter, Location loc, Value reducedWindow, int64_t divisor) {
+  assert(divisor > 0 && "AveragePool divisor must be positive.");
+  if (divisor == 1)
+    return reducedWindow;
+
+  auto tileType = cast<RankedTensorType>(reducedWindow.getType());
+  double scale = 1.0 / static_cast<double>(divisor);
+  auto scaleAttr = DenseElementsAttr::get(tileType, rewriter.getFloatAttr(tileType.getElementType(), scale));
+  Value scaleTensor = arith::ConstantOp::create(rewriter, loc, tileType, scaleAttr);
+  return spatial::SpatVMulOp::create(rewriter, loc, tileType, reducedWindow, scaleTensor);
+}
+
+template <typename PoolOp>
+struct PoolToSpatialCompute;
+
+template <typename PoolOp, typename PoolOpAdaptor, typename ReduceOp>
+struct PoolToSpatialComputeBase : public OpConversionPattern<PoolOp> {
+  using OpConversionPattern<PoolOp>::OpConversionPattern;
+
+  LogicalResult matchAndRewrite(PoolOp poolOp, PoolOpAdaptor adaptor, ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter) const final {
+    Location loc = poolOp.getLoc();
+    Value x = adaptor.getX();
+
+    auto xType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(x.getType());
+    auto outType = dyn_cast<RankedTensorType>(poolOp.getResult().getType());
+    if (!xType || !outType || !xType.hasStaticShape() || !outType.hasStaticShape())
+      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(poolOp, "pool lowering requires static ranked tensor types.");
+    if (xType.getRank() != 4 || outType.getRank() != 4)
+      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(poolOp, "only 2D NCHW pool is supported.");
+
+    ArrayAttr kernelAttr = poolOp.getKernelShape();
+    if (!kernelAttr || kernelAttr.size() != 2)
+      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(poolOp, "pool lowering expects a 2D kernel.");
+
+    const int64_t batchSize = xType.getDimSize(0);
+    const int64_t channels = xType.getDimSize(1);
+    const int64_t inputHeight = xType.getDimSize(2);
+    const int64_t inputWidth = xType.getDimSize(3);
+    const int64_t outputHeight = outType.getDimSize(2);
+    const int64_t outputWidth = outType.getDimSize(3);
+    const int64_t kernelHeight = getI64(kernelAttr, 0);
+    const int64_t kernelWidth = getI64(kernelAttr, 1);
+    const int64_t strideHeight = getOptionalI64(poolOp.getStrides(), 0, 1);
+    const int64_t strideWidth = getOptionalI64(poolOp.getStrides(), 1, 1);
+    const int64_t dilationHeight = getOptionalI64(poolOp.getDilations(), 0, 1);
+    const int64_t dilationWidth = getOptionalI64(poolOp.getDilations(), 1, 1);
+
+    int64_t padTop = 0;
+    int64_t padLeft = 0;
+    int64_t padBottom = 0;
+    int64_t padRight = 0;
+
+    if (auto padsAttr = poolOp.getPads()) {
+      if (padsAttr->size() != 4)
+        return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(poolOp, "pads must have four elements.");
+      padTop = getI64(*padsAttr, 0);
+      padLeft = getI64(*padsAttr, 1);
+      padBottom = getI64(*padsAttr, 2);
+      padRight = getI64(*padsAttr, 3);
+    }
+    else {
+      StringRef autoPad = poolOp.getAutoPad();
+      if (autoPad == "SAME_UPPER" || autoPad == "SAME_LOWER") {
+        const int64_t effectiveKernelH = (kernelHeight - 1) * dilationHeight + 1;
+        const int64_t effectiveKernelW = (kernelWidth - 1) * dilationWidth + 1;
+        const int64_t totalPadH =
+          std::max<int64_t>(0, (outputHeight - 1) * strideHeight + effectiveKernelH - inputHeight);
+        const int64_t totalPadW = std::max<int64_t>(0, (outputWidth - 1) * strideWidth + effectiveKernelW - inputWidth);
+
+        if (autoPad == "SAME_UPPER") {
+          padTop = totalPadH / 2;
+          padBottom = totalPadH - padTop;
+          padLeft = totalPadW / 2;
+          padRight = totalPadW - padLeft;
+        }
+        else {
+          padBottom = totalPadH / 2;
+          padTop = totalPadH - padBottom;
+          padRight = totalPadW / 2;
+          padLeft = totalPadW - padRight;
+        }
+      }
+      else if (autoPad != "NOTSET" && autoPad != "VALID") {
+        return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(poolOp, "unsupported auto_pad value.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    (void) padBottom;
+    (void) padRight;
+
+    const int64_t xbarSize = static_cast<int64_t>(crossbarSize.getValue());
+    const int64_t channelTileCount = (channels + xbarSize - 1) / xbarSize;
+    auto computeOp = spatial::SpatWeightedCompute::create(rewriter, loc, outType, SmallVector<Value>(), ValueRange {x});
+
+    auto* computeBlock = new Block();
+    computeBlock->addArgument(xType, loc);
+    computeOp.getBody().push_back(computeBlock);
+    rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(computeBlock);
+
+    Value input = computeBlock->getArgument(0);
+    SmallVector<Value> batchResults;
+    batchResults.reserve(batchSize);
+
+    for (int64_t batch = 0; batch < batchSize; ++batch) {
+      SmallVector<Value> rows;
+      rows.reserve(outputHeight);
+
+      for (int64_t outH = 0; outH < outputHeight; ++outH) {
+        SmallVector<Value> rowPixels;
+        rowPixels.reserve(outputWidth);
+
+        for (int64_t outW = 0; outW < outputWidth; ++outW) {
+          SmallVector<Value> outputChannelTiles;
+          outputChannelTiles.reserve(channelTileCount);
+
+          for (int64_t channelTile = 0; channelTile < channelTileCount; ++channelTile) {
+            const int64_t tileChannels = std::min<int64_t>(xbarSize, channels - channelTile * xbarSize);
+            auto tileType = RankedTensorType::get({1, tileChannels, 1, 1}, outType.getElementType());
+
+            SmallVector<Value> windowValues;
+            windowValues.reserve(kernelHeight * kernelWidth);
+            for (int64_t kernelH = 0; kernelH < kernelHeight; ++kernelH) {
+              const int64_t inH = outH * strideHeight + kernelH * dilationHeight - padTop;
+              if (inH < 0 || inH >= inputHeight)
+                continue;
+
+              for (int64_t kernelW = 0; kernelW < kernelWidth; ++kernelW) {
+                const int64_t inW = outW * strideWidth + kernelW * dilationWidth - padLeft;
+                if (inW < 0 || inW >= inputWidth)
+                  continue;
+
+                SmallVector<OpFoldResult> offsets = {rewriter.getIndexAttr(batch),
+                                                     rewriter.getIndexAttr(channelTile * xbarSize),
+                                                     rewriter.getIndexAttr(inH),
+                                                     rewriter.getIndexAttr(inW)};
+                SmallVector<OpFoldResult> sizes = {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1),
+                                                   rewriter.getIndexAttr(tileChannels),
+                                                   rewriter.getIndexAttr(1),
+                                                   rewriter.getIndexAttr(1)};
+                SmallVector<OpFoldResult> strides = {rewriter.getIndexAttr(1),
+                                                     rewriter.getIndexAttr(1),
+                                                     rewriter.getIndexAttr(1),
+                                                     rewriter.getIndexAttr(1)};
+                Value windowValue =
+                  tensor::ExtractSliceOp::create(rewriter, loc, tileType, input, offsets, sizes, strides);
+                windowValue = materializeContiguousTile(rewriter, loc, windowValue);
+                windowValues.push_back(windowValue);
+              }
+            }
+
+            if (windowValues.empty())
+              return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(poolOp, "pool window resolved to zero valid elements.");
+
+            Value reducedWindow = reduceWindowValues<ReduceOp>(rewriter, loc, windowValues);
+            if constexpr (std::is_same_v<PoolOp, ONNXAveragePoolOp>) {
+              const bool countIncludePad = poolOp.getCountIncludePad() == 1;
+              const int64_t divisor =
+                countIncludePad ? kernelHeight * kernelWidth : static_cast<int64_t>(windowValues.size());
+              reducedWindow = scaleAverageWindow(rewriter, loc, reducedWindow, divisor);
+            }
+
+            outputChannelTiles.push_back(reducedWindow);
+          }
+
+          rowPixels.push_back(concatAlongAxis(rewriter, loc, /*axis=*/1, outputChannelTiles));
+        }
+
+        rows.push_back(concatAlongAxis(rewriter, loc, /*axis=*/3, rowPixels));
+      }
+
+      batchResults.push_back(concatAlongAxis(rewriter, loc, /*axis=*/2, rows));
+    }
+
+    Value pooledOutput = concatAlongAxis(rewriter, loc, /*axis=*/0, batchResults);
+    spatial::SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, loc, pooledOutput);
+
+    rewriter.replaceOp(poolOp, computeOp.getResult(0));
+    return success();
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct PoolToSpatialCompute<ONNXMaxPoolSingleOutOp>
+: public PoolToSpatialComputeBase<ONNXMaxPoolSingleOutOp, ONNXMaxPoolSingleOutOpAdaptor, spatial::SpatVMaxOp> {
+  using PoolToSpatialComputeBase::PoolToSpatialComputeBase;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct PoolToSpatialCompute<ONNXAveragePoolOp>
+: public PoolToSpatialComputeBase<ONNXAveragePoolOp, ONNXAveragePoolOpAdaptor, spatial::SpatVAddOp> {
+  using PoolToSpatialComputeBase::PoolToSpatialComputeBase;
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+void populatePoolTilingPattern(RewritePatternSet& patterns, MLIRContext* ctx) {
+  patterns.insert<PoolToSpatialCompute<ONNXMaxPoolSingleOutOp>>(ctx);
+  patterns.insert<PoolToSpatialCompute<ONNXAveragePoolOp>>(ctx);
+}
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir
--- a/src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns/NN/Pooling.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Patterns/NN/Pooling.cpp
@@ -1,427 +0,0 @@
-#include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
-#include "mlir/Dialect/Tosa/IR/TosaOps.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinAttributes.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypeInterfaces.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/PatternMatch.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/Value.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/ValueRange.h"
-
-#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
-#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
-#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
-
-#include <cassert>
-#include <cmath>
-#include <cstddef>
-
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Compiler/PimCompilerOptions.hpp"
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Common.hpp"
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Conversion/ONNXToSpatial/Utils/SpatialReducer.hpp"
-#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
-#include "src/Dialect/ONNX/ONNXOps.hpp"
-
-using namespace mlir;
-
-namespace onnx_mlir {
-
-Value applyReducePatternNew(SmallVector<Value>& valuesToReduce,
-                            ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter,
-                            std::function<Value(const Value&, const Value&)> reduce,
-                            std::function<Value(const Value&)> preprocess,
-                            std::function<Value(const Value&)> postprocess) {
-  // Simple case: if we have only one input, just return it
-  if (valuesToReduce.size() == 1)
-    return valuesToReduce[0];
-
-  if (preprocess) {
-    for (auto& valToReduce : valuesToReduce) {
-      rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(valToReduce);
-      valToReduce = preprocess(valToReduce);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // It is possible that `valuesToReduce` contains two entries for the same
-  // computeOp. In this case, we need to apply the reduction within-computef
-
-  // Keep a map between a computeOp and the last Value for this reduction
-  std::unordered_map<Operation*, Value> lastValueForCompute;
-  for (auto& valToReduce : valuesToReduce) {
-    Operation* computeOp = valToReduce.getParentBlock()->getParentOp();
-    // if (valToReduce.getDefiningOp()) {
-    //   // If the value is defined by an operation, we take the parent
-    //   operation computeOp = valToReduce.getDefiningOp()->getParentOp();
-    // } else {
-    //   // Otherwise it is a block argument,
-    //   computeOp->getBlock()->getParentOp();
-    // }
-
-    assert(isa<spatial::SpatWeightedCompute>(computeOp) && "Expected a ComputeOp");
-
-    auto it = lastValueForCompute.find(computeOp);
-
-    if (it != lastValueForCompute.end()) {
-      // If we have already seen this computeOp, apply the reduction
-      // within-compute
-      Value lastWithinComputeValue = it->second;
-
-      if (valToReduce.getDefiningOp()->isBeforeInBlock(lastWithinComputeValue.getDefiningOp()))
-        rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(lastWithinComputeValue);
-      else
-        rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(valToReduce);
-      valToReduce = reduce(lastWithinComputeValue, valToReduce);
-      lastValueForCompute[computeOp] = valToReduce;
-    }
-
-    lastValueForCompute[computeOp] = valToReduce;
-  }
-
-  // Now, reconstruct from the map the valuesToReduce list
-  valuesToReduce.clear();
-  valuesToReduce.reserve(lastValueForCompute.size());
-  for (auto& entry : lastValueForCompute)
-    valuesToReduce.push_back(entry.second);
-
-  Location loc = valuesToReduce[0].getLoc();
-  auto channelType = spatial::SpatChannelType::get(rewriter.getContext());
-
-  // Recursive algorithm to reduce the inputs to a single one:
-  // - Take two inputs at a time, and reduce them into a single one, updating
-  // the valuesToReduce list which becomes half the size.
-  // - Repeat until there is only one input left.
-  llvm::OwningArrayRef<Value> valuesToReduceRef(valuesToReduce);
-  while (valuesToReduceRef.size() > 1) {
-    SmallVector<Value> nextValuesToReduce;
-    nextValuesToReduce.reserve(valuesToReduceRef.size() / 2);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < valuesToReduceRef.size() - 1; i += 2) {
-      auto firstValue = valuesToReduceRef[i];
-      auto secondValue = valuesToReduceRef[i + 1];
-
-      auto firstCompute = firstValue.getParentBlock()->getParentOp();
-      auto secondCompute = secondValue.getParentBlock()->getParentOp();
-
-      assert(isa<spatial::SpatWeightedCompute>(firstCompute));
-      assert(isa<spatial::SpatWeightedCompute>(secondCompute));
-
-      if (secondCompute->isBeforeInBlock(firstCompute)) {
-        std::swap(firstValue, secondValue);
-        std::swap(firstCompute, secondCompute);
-      }
-
-      // 1. Add a channel before the first computeOp
-      rewriter.setInsertionPoint(firstCompute);
-      auto channel = spatial::SpatChannelNewOp::create(rewriter, loc, channelType);
-
-      // 2. Add a sendOp after the first value
-      rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(firstValue);
-      spatial::SpatChannelSendOp::create(rewriter, loc, channel, firstValue);
-
-      // 3. Add a receiveOp after the second value
-      rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(secondValue);
-      auto receivedValue = spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp::create(rewriter, loc, secondValue.getType(), channel);
-
-      // 4. Apply reduction between second value and received value
-      rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(receivedValue);
-      Value reduced = reduce(receivedValue, secondValue);
-
-      nextValuesToReduce.push_back(reduced);
-    }
-
-    // If we have an odd number of inputs, we need to add the last one to the
-    // newInputs list.
-    if (valuesToReduceRef.size() % 2 == 1)
-      nextValuesToReduce.push_back(valuesToReduceRef.back());
-
-    // Replace the inputOps list with the new one.
-    valuesToReduceRef = llvm::OwningArrayRef<Value>(std::move(nextValuesToReduce));
-  }
-
-  assert(valuesToReduceRef.size() == 1 && "Internal error: expected a single input at this point.");
-
-  auto finalValue = valuesToReduceRef[0];
-
-  if (postprocess) {
-    rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(finalValue);
-    finalValue = postprocess(finalValue);
-  }
-
-  return finalValue;
-}
-
-template <typename PoolOp>
-bool hasPostProcessPoolingWindow() {
-  return false;
-}
-
-template <>
-bool hasPostProcessPoolingWindow<ONNXAveragePoolOp>() {
-  return true;
-}
-
-template <typename PoolOp>
-Value postProcessPoolingWindow(ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter,
-                               Location loc,
-                               PoolOp poolOp,
-                               Value valueToDivide,
-                               size_t krn_size,
-                               size_t tilesSkippedByPadding) {
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-template <>
-Value postProcessPoolingWindow<ONNXAveragePoolOp>(ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter,
-                                                  Location loc,
-                                                  ONNXAveragePoolOp poolOp,
-                                                  Value valueToDivide,
-                                                  size_t krn_size,
-                                                  size_t tilesSkippedByPadding) {
-  bool countIncludePad = poolOp.getCountIncludePad() == 1;
-
-  size_t divisorNumber = countIncludePad ? krn_size : krn_size - tilesSkippedByPadding;
-
-  RankedTensorType scalarTensor = RankedTensorType::get({1}, rewriter.getF32Type());
-
-  // Put a spat.const before the computeOp, and use its value. We do this to be
-  // compatible with the current code generation, which assumes constant to be
-  // loaded in global memory, which is allocated by adding a spat.const OP
-  // directly under func.func (i.e. alongside ComputeOps)
-  auto computeOp = cast<spatial::SpatWeightedCompute>(valueToDivide.getDefiningOp()->getParentOp());
-  rewriter.setInsertionPoint(computeOp);
-  auto divisorValue = spatial::SpatConstantOp::create(rewriter,
-                                                      loc,
-                                                      scalarTensor,
-                                                      rewriter.getI64IntegerAttr(divisorNumber),
-                                                      /* should_allocate = */ rewriter.getBoolAttr(true));
-
-  rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(valueToDivide);
-  return spatial::SpatVSDivOp::create(rewriter, loc, valueToDivide.getType(), valueToDivide, divisorValue);
-}
-
-template <typename PoolOp, typename PoolOpAdaptor, typename ReduceOp>
-struct PoolingBaseConverter : public OpConversionPattern<PoolOp> {
-  PoolingBaseConverter(MLIRContext* ctx)
-  : OpConversionPattern<PoolOp>(ctx) {}
-
-  LogicalResult matchAndRewrite(PoolOp poolOp, PoolOpAdaptor adaptor, ConversionPatternRewriter& rewriter) const final {
-    Value X = adaptor.getX();
-    ShapedType xShape = mlir::cast<ShapedType>(X.getType());
-    Value Y = poolOp.getResult();
-    ShapedType yShape = mlir::cast<ShapedType>(Y.getType());
-
-    size_t stride_x, stride_y, dilation_x, dilation_y, krn_w, krn_h;
-    unpackOptionalPairVector(adaptor.getStrides(), stride_x, stride_y);
-    unpackOptionalPairVector(adaptor.getDilations(), dilation_x, dilation_y);
-    unpackOptionalPairVector(adaptor.getKernelShape(), krn_w, krn_h);
-
-    if (adaptor.getAutoPad() != "NOTSET")
-      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(poolOp, "auto_pad != NOTSET is deprecated.");
-
-    size_t pad_x, pad_y;
-    auto padUnpackError = unpackOptionalPadsVector(adaptor.getPads(), pad_x, pad_y);
-    if (padUnpackError.has_value())
-      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(poolOp, padUnpackError.value());
-
-    Location loc = poolOp.getLoc();
-
-    size_t input_h = getImageHeight(xShape);
-    size_t input_w = getImageWidth(xShape);
-    size_t output_h = getImageHeight(yShape);
-    size_t output_w = getImageWidth(yShape);
-    size_t channelTileCount = ceilIntegerDivide(getImageChannel(xShape), crossbarSize.getValue());
-    size_t channelTileRest = getImageChannel(xShape) % crossbarSize;
-
-    // 1: Tile the input tensor
-    // Input tiles need to be indexed by:
-    //    a. Channel Tile
-    //    b. Pixel `x` position
-    //    c. Pixel `y` position
-    // For example: inputTiles[channelTile][x][y]
-    // Example complete input tensor: tensor<1x3x12x12xf32> (NxCxWxH)
-    // Suppose that the input tensor is produced by concatenating the results of
-    // many ComputeOps. Get the result tiles from these ComputeOps.
-    SmallVector<SmallVector<SmallVector<Value>>> inputTiles(
-      channelTileCount, SmallVector<SmallVector<Value>>(input_w, SmallVector<Value>(input_h)));
-
-    auto resolveErrorOpt =
-      resolveImgInputTiles(X, inputTiles, channelTileCount, channelTileRest, input_w, input_h, rewriter);
-    if (resolveErrorOpt.has_value())
-      return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(poolOp, *resolveErrorOpt);
-
-    // TODO: This requires a core for each input tile, which is not ideal. We
-    // can do better.
-    // If some input tiles come from the func.func operands, load
-    // them into a computeOp and yield them
-    for (size_t t = 0; t < channelTileCount; t++) {
-      for (size_t x = 0; x < input_w; x++) {
-        for (size_t y = 0; y < input_h; y++) {
-          if (auto extractSliceOp = inputTiles[t][x][y].getDefiningOp<tensor::ExtractSliceOp>()) {
-            Location tileLoc = extractSliceOp.getLoc();
-
-            auto tempComputeOp = spatial::SpatWeightedCompute::create(rewriter,
-                                                                      tileLoc,
-                                                                      extractSliceOp.getResultType(),
-                                                                      /* xbarWeights =*/ValueRange(),
-                                                                      extractSliceOp.getResult());
-
-            Block* tempComputeOpBlock = new Block();
-            tempComputeOp.getBody().push_back(tempComputeOpBlock);
-            auto tempComputeOpBlockArg = tempComputeOpBlock->addArgument(extractSliceOp.getType(), tileLoc);
-
-            rewriter.setInsertionPointToStart(tempComputeOpBlock);
-            spatial::SpatYieldOp::create(rewriter, tileLoc, tempComputeOpBlockArg);
-            rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(tempComputeOp);
-            inputTiles[t][x][y] = tempComputeOp.getResult(0);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // 2: Tile the output tensor
-    // Output tiles need to be indexed by:
-    //  a. Channel Tile
-    //  b. Pixel `x` position
-    //  c. Pixel `y` position
-    // For example: outputTiles[channelTile][x][y]
-    // Example complete output tensor: tensor<1x3x6x6xf32> (NxCxWxH)
-    SmallVector<SmallVector<SmallVector<Value>>> outputTiles(
-      channelTileCount, SmallVector<SmallVector<Value>>(output_w, SmallVector<Value>(output_h, nullptr)));
-
-    // List of values to pool for each output pixel
-    SmallVector<Value> valuesToPool;
-
-    // Iterate each output tile
-    for (size_t outTile = 0; outTile < channelTileCount; outTile++) {
-      // Iterate each output pixel
-      for (size_t outX = 0; outX < output_w; outX++) {
-        for (size_t outY = 0; outY < output_h; outY++) {
-
-          // Each output pixel tile is computed by pooling a window of input
-          // pixel tiles
-          valuesToPool.clear();
-          size_t tilesSkippedByPadding = 0;
-
-          auto [start_x, end_x] = kernel_get_start_and_end(outX, input_w, krn_w, stride_x, dilation_x, pad_x);
-          auto [start_y, end_y] = kernel_get_start_and_end(outY, input_h, krn_h, stride_y, dilation_y, pad_y);
-
-          for (size_t inX = start_x; inX < end_x; inX += dilation_x) {
-            for (size_t inY = start_y; inY < end_y; inY += dilation_y) {
-              if (failed(verifyWithinBoundsAndPaddings(input_w, input_h, inX, inY, pad_x, pad_y))) {
-                tilesSkippedByPadding++;
-                continue;
-              }
-
-              Value inputTile = inputTiles[outTile][inX][inY];
-
-              Value valueToPool;
-              if (auto computeProducer = inputTile.getDefiningOp<spatial::SpatWeightedCompute>()) {
-
-                int resultNumber = getResultIndex(computeProducer, inputTile);
-
-                auto yieldInComputeOp = cast<spatial::SpatYieldOp>(computeProducer.getBody().front().getTerminator());
-                valueToPool = yieldInComputeOp.getOperand(resultNumber);
-              }
-              else if (auto receiveProducer = inputTile.getDefiningOp<spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp>()) {
-                auto sendOpOpt = getOtherEndOfChannel(receiveProducer, true, rewriter);
-                if (failed(sendOpOpt)) {
-                  return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(poolOp,
-                                                     "ChannelReceiveOp does not have a matching "
-                                                     "ChannelSendOp.");
-                }
-                auto sendOp = cast<spatial::SpatChannelSendOp>(*sendOpOpt);
-
-                valueToPool = sendOp.getData();
-              }
-              else {
-                return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(poolOp,
-                                                   "Input tile for Pooling is not produced by a "
-                                                   "WeightedComputeOp nor a receiveOp");
-              }
-
-              valuesToPool.push_back(valueToPool);
-            }
-          }
-
-          assert(valuesToPool.size() != 0 && "Pooling computed on zero tiles make no sense.");
-          // assert(computeOpsForPooling.size() != 1 &&
-          //        "Pooling computed on one tiles make no sense??? Or maybe
-          //        this " "should have been simplified earlier???");
-
-          std::function<Value(const Value&)> postProcessFn = nullptr;
-          if (hasPostProcessPoolingWindow<PoolOp>()) {
-            postProcessFn = [&](const Value prevFinalRes) {
-              return postProcessPoolingWindow(
-                rewriter, loc, poolOp, prevFinalRes, krn_h * krn_w, tilesSkippedByPadding);
-            };
-          }
-
-          Value reducedWithinCompute = applyReducePatternNew(
-            valuesToPool,
-            rewriter,
-            [&](const Value lhs, const Value rhs) { return ReduceOp::create(rewriter, loc, lhs.getType(), lhs, rhs); },
-            nullptr,
-            postProcessFn);
-
-          // Send this value through a channel, and receive it in the
-          // `func.func`. During lowering, we will need to "move it" into the
-          // users computeOps
-          auto computeOpOfReduced =
-            cast<spatial::SpatWeightedCompute>(reducedWithinCompute.getDefiningOp()->getParentOp());
-
-          // Create a new channel before the computeOp
-          rewriter.setInsertionPoint(computeOpOfReduced);
-          auto reduceChannel =
-            spatial::SpatChannelNewOp::create(rewriter, loc, spatial::SpatChannelType::get(rewriter.getContext()));
-
-          // Send value through the channel
-          rewriter.setInsertionPointAfterValue(reducedWithinCompute);
-          spatial::SpatChannelSendOp::create(rewriter, loc, reduceChannel, reducedWithinCompute);
-
-          // Receive after the computeOp
-          rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(computeOpOfReduced);
-          auto receivedValue =
-            spatial::SpatChannelReceiveOp::create(rewriter, loc, reducedWithinCompute.getType(), reduceChannel);
-
-          outputTiles[outTile][outX][outY] = receivedValue;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // TODO: outputTiles are not the results of the computeOps! We need to add
-    // them!
-
-    std::unordered_map<Operation*, SmallVector<std::tuple<size_t, size_t, size_t, Value>>> computeOpNeedingResults;
-
-    // Iterate each output tile
-    for (size_t outTile = 0; outTile < channelTileCount; outTile++) {
-      // Iterate each output pixel
-      for (size_t outX = 0; outX < output_w; outX++) {
-        for (size_t outY = 0; outY < output_h; outY++) {
-          auto outputTile = outputTiles[outTile][outX][outY];
-          auto outputTileProducer = outputTile.getDefiningOp()->getParentOp();
-          if (!outputTileProducer) {
-            return rewriter.notifyMatchFailure(poolOp,
-                                               "Output tile for Pooling is not produced by a "
-                                               "WeightedComputeOp.");
-          }
-
-          computeOpNeedingResults[outputTileProducer].push_back(std::make_tuple(outTile, outX, outY, outputTile));
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    Value outputImage = createImgConcatOp(outputTiles, rewriter, loc, poolOp.getType());
-
-    rewriter.replaceOp(poolOp, outputImage);
-
-    return success();
-  }
-};
-
-void populatePoolingTilingPattern(RewritePatternSet& patterns, MLIRContext* ctx) {
-  patterns.insert<PoolingBaseConverter<ONNXMaxPoolSingleOutOp, ONNXMaxPoolSingleOutOpAdaptor, spatial::SpatVMaxOp>>(
-    ctx);
-  patterns.insert<PoolingBaseConverter<ONNXAveragePoolOp, ONNXAveragePoolOpAdaptor, spatial::SpatVAddOp>>(ctx);
-}
-
-} // namespace onnx_mlir
--- a/src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/SpatialToPim.td
+++ b/src/PIM/Conversion/SpatialToPim/SpatialToPim.td
@@ -27,9 +27,21 @@ def spatToPimMVMOp : Pat<
    (NativeCodeCall<"onnx_mlir::getBestOutputTensorFromOperandsOrAllocate($_builder, $0.getDefiningOp())"> $srcOpRes))
 >;

-def spatToPimVAddOp : Pat<
+def spatToPimVVAddOp : Pat<
  (SpatVAddOp:$srcOpRes $a, $b),
-  (PimVAddOp $a, $b,
+  (PimVVAddOp $a, $b,
+    (NativeCodeCall<"onnx_mlir::getBestOutputTensorFromOperandsOrAllocate($_builder, $0.getDefiningOp())"> $srcOpRes))
+>;
+
+def spatToPimVVMulOp : Pat<
+  (SpatVMulOp:$srcOpRes $a, $b),
+  (PimVVMulOp $a, $b,
+    (NativeCodeCall<"onnx_mlir::getBestOutputTensorFromOperandsOrAllocate($_builder, $0.getDefiningOp())"> $srcOpRes))
+>;
+
+def spatToPimVVMaxOp : Pat<
+  (SpatVMaxOp:$srcOpRes $a, $b),
+  (PimVVMaxOp $a, $b,
    (NativeCodeCall<"onnx_mlir::getBestOutputTensorFromOperandsOrAllocate($_builder, $0.getDefiningOp())"> $srcOpRes))
 >;

--- a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Pim.td
+++ b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Pim.td
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ def PimMVMOp: PimOp<"mvm", [DestinationStyleOpInterface]> {
  }];
 }

-def PimVAddOp: PimOp<"vadd", [DestinationStyleOpInterface]> {
+def PimVVAddOp: PimOp<"vvadd", [DestinationStyleOpInterface]> {
  let description = [{
    Element-wise addition: c = a + b
  }];
@@ -277,7 +277,59 @@ def PimVAddOp: PimOp<"vadd", [DestinationStyleOpInterface]> {
  }];
 }

-def PimVMaxOp: PimOp<"vmax", [DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<BufferViewFlowOpInterface>]> {
+def PimVVSubOp: PimOp<"vvsub", [DestinationStyleOpInterface]> {
+  let description = [{
+    Element-wise subtraction: c = a - b
+  }];
+
+  let arguments = (ins
+    PimTensor: $a,
+    PimTensor: $b,
+    PimTensor: $outBuf
+  );
+
+  let results = (outs
+    PimTensor: $outRes
+  );
+
+  let extraClassDeclaration = [{
+    mlir::MutableOperandRange getDpsInitsMutable() {
+      return getOutBufMutable();
+    }
+  }];
+
+  let assemblyFormat = [{
+    `(` $a `,` $b `,` $outBuf `)` attr-dict `:` `(` type($a) `,` type($b) `,` type($outBuf) `)` `->` type($outRes)
+  }];
+}
+
+def PimVVMulOp: PimOp<"vvmul", [DestinationStyleOpInterface]> {
+  let description = [{
+    Element-wise multiplication: c = a * b
+  }];
+
+  let arguments = (ins
+    PimTensor: $a,
+    PimTensor: $b,
+    PimTensor: $outBuf
+  );
+
+  let results = (outs
+    PimTensor: $outRes
+  );
+
+  let extraClassDeclaration = [{
+    mlir::MutableOperandRange getDpsInitsMutable() {
+      return getOutBufMutable();
+    }
+  }];
+
+  let assemblyFormat = [{
+    `(` $a `,` $b `,` $outBuf `)` attr-dict `:` `(` type($a) `,` type($b) `,` type($outBuf) `)` `->` type($outRes)
+  }];
+}
+
+def PimVVMaxOp: PimOp<"vvmax", [DestinationStyleOpInterface]> {
  let description = [{
    Element-wise max: c = max(a, b)
  }];
@@ -291,6 +343,32 @@ def PimVMaxOp: PimOp<"vmax", [DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<BufferViewFlowOpInterfac
  let results = (outs
    PimTensor: $outRes
  );
+
+  let extraClassDeclaration = [{
+    mlir::MutableOperandRange getDpsInitsMutable() {
+      return getOutBufMutable();
+    }
+  }];
+
+  let assemblyFormat = [{
+    `(` $a `,` $b `,` $outBuf `)` attr-dict `:` `(` type($a) `,` type($b) `,` type($outBuf) `)` `->` type($outRes)
+  }];
+}
+
+def PimVVDMulOp: PimOp<"vvdmul", [DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<BufferViewFlowOpInterface>]> {
+  let description = [{
+    Dot product: c = dot(a, b)
+  }];
+
+  let arguments = (ins
+    PimTensor: $a,
+    PimTensor: $b,
+    PimTensor: $outBuf
+  );
+
+  let results = (outs
+    PimTensor: $outRes
+  );
 }

 def PimApplyFiltersOp: PimOp<"apply_filters", [DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<BufferViewFlowOpInterface>]> {
@@ -332,14 +410,13 @@ def PimSumOp: PimOp<"sum", [DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<BufferViewFlowOpInterface>
  );
 }

-def PimVSDivOp: PimOp<"vsdiv", [DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<BufferViewFlowOpInterface>]> {
+def PimVAvgOp: PimOp<"vavg", [DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<BufferViewFlowOpInterface>]> {
  let description = [{
-    Element-wise division between each element of a vector, and a scalar (wrapped in a tensor for convenience)
+    Average all elements into a single one
  }];

  let arguments = (ins
-    PimTensor: $dividend,
-    PimTensor: $divisor,
+    PimTensor: $a,
    PimTensor: $outBuf
  );

@@ -363,9 +440,24 @@ def PimVReluOp: PimOp<"vrelu", [DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<BufferViewFlowOpInterf
  );
 }

-def PimVExpOp: PimOp<"vexp", [DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<BufferViewFlowOpInterface>]> {
+def PimVTanhOp: PimOp<"vtanh", [DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<BufferViewFlowOpInterface>]> {
  let description = [{
-    Element-wise exp: c = exp(a)
+    Element-wise tanh activation
+  }];
+
+  let arguments = (ins
+    PimTensor: $a,
+    PimTensor: $outBuf
+  );
+
+  let results = (outs
+    PimTensor: $outRes
+  );
+}
+
+def PimVSigmOp: PimOp<"vsigm", [DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<BufferViewFlowOpInterface>]> {
+  let description = [{
+    Element-wise sigmoid activation
  }];

  let arguments = (ins
@@ -388,4 +480,4 @@ def PimHaltOp: PimOp<"halt", [Terminator]> {
  }];
 }

-#endif // PIM_DIALECT_H
+#endif // PIM_DIALECT_H
--- a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.cpp
@@ -30,12 +30,13 @@ void PimDialect::initialize() {
    registerDependenciesFn(this->getOutBuf(), this->getResult());                                    \
  }

-POPULATE_DEPENDENCIES(PimVMaxOp)
+POPULATE_DEPENDENCIES(PimVVDMulOp)
 POPULATE_DEPENDENCIES(PimApplyFiltersOp)
 POPULATE_DEPENDENCIES(PimSumOp)
-POPULATE_DEPENDENCIES(PimVSDivOp)
+POPULATE_DEPENDENCIES(PimVAvgOp)
 POPULATE_DEPENDENCIES(PimVReluOp)
-POPULATE_DEPENDENCIES(PimVExpOp)
+POPULATE_DEPENDENCIES(PimVTanhOp)
+POPULATE_DEPENDENCIES(PimVSigmOp)

 } // namespace pim
 } // namespace onnx_mlir
--- a/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/OpBufferizationInterfaces.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Dialect/Pim/Transforms/Bufferization/OpBufferizationInterfaces.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"

 #include "OpBufferizationInterfaces.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.hpp"

 using namespace mlir;
@@ -12,6 +13,26 @@ using namespace bufferization;
 namespace onnx_mlir {
 namespace pim {

+static Value materializeContiguousMemRef(Value memrefValue, Location loc, RewriterBase& rewriter) {
+  if (succeeded(resolveContiguousAddress(memrefValue)))
+    return memrefValue;
+
+  auto shapedType = cast<ShapedType>(memrefValue.getType());
+  auto contiguousType = MemRefType::get(shapedType.getShape(), shapedType.getElementType());
+  Value contiguousBuffer = memref::AllocOp::create(rewriter, loc, contiguousType);
+  auto sizeInBytes = shapedType.getNumElements() * shapedType.getElementTypeBitWidth() / 8;
+
+  return PimMemCopyOp::create(rewriter,
+                              loc,
+                              contiguousType,
+                              contiguousBuffer,
+                              memrefValue,
+                              rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(0),
+                              rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(0),
+                              rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(sizeInBytes))
+    .getDstOut();
+}
+
 struct MemCopyHostToDevOpInterface
 : DstBufferizableOpInterfaceExternalModel<MemCopyHostToDevOpInterface, PimMemCopyHostToDevOp> {
  LogicalResult bufferize(Operation* op,
@@ -164,7 +185,8 @@ struct MVMOpBufferizeInterface : DstBufferizableOpInterfaceExternalModel<MVMOpBu
  }
 };

-struct VAddOpBufferizeInterface : DstBufferizableOpInterfaceExternalModel<VAddOpBufferizeInterface, PimVAddOp> {
+template <typename OpTy>
+struct BinaryDstOpBufferizeInterface : DstBufferizableOpInterfaceExternalModel<BinaryDstOpBufferizeInterface<OpTy>, OpTy> {
  bool bufferizesToMemoryRead(Operation* op, OpOperand& opOperand, const AnalysisState& state) const {
    return !cast<DestinationStyleOpInterface>(op).isDpsInit(&opOperand);
  }
@@ -179,21 +201,24 @@ struct VAddOpBufferizeInterface : DstBufferizableOpInterfaceExternalModel<VAddOp
                          RewriterBase& rewriter,
                          const BufferizationOptions& options,
                          BufferizationState& state) const {
-    auto vaddOp = cast<PimVAddOp>(op);
+    auto binaryOp = cast<OpTy>(op);

-    auto aOpt = getBuffer(rewriter, vaddOp.getA(), options, state);
+    auto aOpt = getBuffer(rewriter, binaryOp.getA(), options, state);
    if (failed(aOpt))
      return failure();

-    auto bOpt = getBuffer(rewriter, vaddOp.getB(), options, state);
+    auto bOpt = getBuffer(rewriter, binaryOp.getB(), options, state);
    if (failed(bOpt))
      return failure();

-    auto outBufOpt = getBuffer(rewriter, vaddOp.getOutBuf(), options, state);
+    auto outBufOpt = getBuffer(rewriter, binaryOp.getOutBuf(), options, state);
    if (failed(outBufOpt))
      return failure();

-    replaceOpWithNewBufferizedOp<PimVAddOp>(rewriter, op, outBufOpt->getType(), *aOpt, *bOpt, *outBufOpt);
+    Value contiguousA = materializeContiguousMemRef(*aOpt, op->getLoc(), rewriter);
+    Value contiguousB = materializeContiguousMemRef(*bOpt, op->getLoc(), rewriter);
+
+    replaceOpWithNewBufferizedOp<OpTy>(rewriter, op, outBufOpt->getType(), contiguousA, contiguousB, *outBufOpt);
    return success();
  }
 };
@@ -205,7 +230,10 @@ void registerOpBufferizationInterfaces(DialectRegistry& registry) {
    PimTransposeOp::attachInterface<TransposeOpBufferizeInterface>(*ctx);
    PimVMMOp::attachInterface<VMMOpBufferizeInterface>(*ctx);
    PimMVMOp::attachInterface<MVMOpBufferizeInterface>(*ctx);
-    PimVAddOp::attachInterface<VAddOpBufferizeInterface>(*ctx);
+    PimVVAddOp::attachInterface<BinaryDstOpBufferizeInterface<PimVVAddOp>>(*ctx);
+    PimVVSubOp::attachInterface<BinaryDstOpBufferizeInterface<PimVVSubOp>>(*ctx);
+    PimVVMulOp::attachInterface<BinaryDstOpBufferizeInterface<PimVVMulOp>>(*ctx);
+    PimVVMaxOp::attachInterface<BinaryDstOpBufferizeInterface<PimVVMaxOp>>(*ctx);
  });
 }

--- a/src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/SpatialBufferizableOpInterface.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/SpatialBufferizableOpInterface.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@

 #include <cstdint>

+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/SpatialOps.hpp"
 #include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Spatial/Transforms/SpatialBufferizableOpInterface.hpp"
@@ -36,6 +37,25 @@ memref::AllocOp createEmptyFromType(Type resultType, Location loc, RewriterBase&
  return memref::AllocOp::create(rewriter, loc, memrefResultType);
 }

+Value materializeContiguousMemRef(Value memrefValue, Location loc, RewriterBase& rewriter) {
+  if (succeeded(resolveContiguousAddress(memrefValue)))
+    return memrefValue;
+
+  auto shapedType = cast<ShapedType>(memrefValue.getType());
+  auto contiguousBuffer = createEmptyFromType(memrefValue.getType(), loc, rewriter);
+  auto sizeInBytes = shapedType.getNumElements() * shapedType.getElementTypeBitWidth() / 8;
+
+  return pim::PimMemCopyOp::create(rewriter,
+                                   loc,
+                                   contiguousBuffer.getType(),
+                                   contiguousBuffer,
+                                   memrefValue,
+                                   rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(0),
+                                   rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(0),
+                                   rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(sizeInBytes))
+    .getDstOut();
+}
+
 const llvm::StringRef PRECOMPUTED_OTHER_CORE_ID_ATTR_NAME("precomp_other_core_id");

 static FailureOr<Operation*> getOtherEndOfChannel(Operation* op, bool opIsReceive) {
@@ -167,7 +187,7 @@ struct VariadicArgumentElementWiseOpInterface : BufferizableOpInterface::Externa
      auto memref = getBuffer(rewriter, operand, options, state);
      if (failed(memref))
        return failure();
-      memrefOperands.push_back(*memref);
+      memrefOperands.push_back(materializeContiguousMemRef(*memref, op->getLoc(), rewriter));
    }

    // TODO: Support addiction with more than 2 operands
@@ -460,7 +480,7 @@ struct ChannelBroadcastSendOpInterface
 };

 struct VAddOpInterfaceFromTemplate
-: VariadicArgumentElementWiseOpInterface<VAddOpInterfaceFromTemplate, SpatVAddOp, pim::PimVAddOp> {};
+: VariadicArgumentElementWiseOpInterface<VAddOpInterfaceFromTemplate, SpatVAddOp, pim::PimVVAddOp> {};

 struct WVMMOpInterface : WeightedMultiplicationsOpInterface<WVMMOpInterface, SpatWeightedVMMOp, pim::PimVMMOp> {};

@@ -468,9 +488,7 @@ struct WMVMOpInterface : WeightedMultiplicationsOpInterface<WMVMOpInterface, Spa

 struct SumOpInterface : VariadicArgumentElementWiseOpInterface<SumOpInterface, SpatSumOp, pim::PimSumOp> {};

-struct VSDivOpInterface : VariadicArgumentElementWiseOpInterface<VSDivOpInterface, SpatVSDivOp, pim::PimVSDivOp> {};
-
-struct VMaxOpInterface : VariadicArgumentElementWiseOpInterface<VMaxOpInterface, SpatVMaxOp, pim::PimVMaxOp> {};
+struct VMaxOpInterface : VariadicArgumentElementWiseOpInterface<VMaxOpInterface, SpatVMaxOp, pim::PimVVMaxOp> {};

 // Create a new bufferizable op interface for the apply filters operation.
 struct ApplyFiltersOpInterface : BufferizableOpInterface::ExternalModel<ApplyFiltersOpInterface, SpatApplyFiltersOp> {
@@ -557,7 +575,6 @@ void registerBufferizableOpInterfaceExternalModels(DialectRegistry& registry) {
    SpatWeightedVMMOp::attachInterface<WVMMOpInterface>(*ctx);
    SpatWeightedMVMOp::attachInterface<WMVMOpInterface>(*ctx);
    SpatSumOp::attachInterface<SumOpInterface>(*ctx);
-    SpatVSDivOp::attachInterface<VSDivOpInterface>(*ctx);
    SpatVMaxOp::attachInterface<VMaxOpInterface>(*ctx);
    SpatChannelReceiveOp::attachInterface<ChannelReceiveOpInterface>(*ctx);
    SpatChannelSendOp::attachInterface<ChannelSendOpInterface>(*ctx);
@@ -569,12 +586,16 @@ void registerBufferizableOpInterfaceExternalModels(DialectRegistry& registry) {

 struct ONNXReluInterface : VariadicArgumentElementWiseOpInterface<ONNXReluInterface, ONNXReluOp, pim::PimVReluOp> {};

-struct ONNXExpOpInterface : VariadicArgumentElementWiseOpInterface<ONNXExpOpInterface, ONNXExpOp, pim::PimVExpOp> {};
+struct ONNXTanhInterface : VariadicArgumentElementWiseOpInterface<ONNXTanhInterface, ONNXTanhOp, pim::PimVTanhOp> {};
+
+struct ONNXSigmoidInterface
+: VariadicArgumentElementWiseOpInterface<ONNXSigmoidInterface, ONNXSigmoidOp, pim::PimVSigmOp> {};

 void registerONNXBufferizableOpInterfaceExternalModels(DialectRegistry& registry) {
  registry.addExtension(+[](MLIRContext* ctx, ONNXDialect* dialect) {
    ONNXReluOp::attachInterface<ONNXReluInterface>(*ctx);
-    ONNXExpOp::attachInterface<ONNXExpOpInterface>(*ctx);
+    ONNXTanhOp::attachInterface<ONNXTanhInterface>(*ctx);
+    ONNXSigmoidOp::attachInterface<ONNXSigmoidInterface>(*ctx);
  });
 }

--- a/src/PIM/Pass/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/PIM/Pass/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ add_pim_library(OMPimPasses
  PimConstantFolding/Patterns/Constant.cpp
  PimConstantFolding/PimConstantFoldingPass.cpp
  PimConstantFolding/Patterns/Subview.cpp
-  PimHostVerificationPass.cpp
+  PimMaterializeConstantsPass.cpp
+  PimVerificationPass.cpp

  EXCLUDE_FROM_OM_LIBS

--- a/src/PIM/Pass/PimConstantFolding/Patterns/Constant.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Pass/PimConstantFolding/Patterns/Constant.cpp
@@ -120,20 +120,8 @@ struct FoldConstantCoreMapPattern final : OpRewritePattern<linalg::MapOp> {
    rewriter.setInsertionPoint(coreOp);
    auto getGlobalOp = memref::GetGlobalOp::create(rewriter, mapOp.getLoc(), initType, globalOp.getName());

-    size_t elementByteWidth = initType.getElementTypeBitWidth() / 8;
-    if (elementByteWidth == 0)
-      return failure();
-    size_t totalBytes = initType.getNumElements() * elementByteWidth;
-
    rewriter.setInsertionPoint(mapOp);
-    pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(rewriter,
-                                       mapOp.getLoc(),
-                                       initType,
-                                       mapOp.getInit(),
-                                       getGlobalOp.getResult(),
-                                       rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(0),
-                                       rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(0),
-                                       rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(static_cast<int32_t>(totalBytes)));
+    rewriter.replaceAllUsesExcept(mapOp.getInit(), getGlobalOp.getResult(), mapOp);
    rewriter.eraseOp(mapOp);
    return success();
  }
--- a/src/PIM/Pass/PimMaterializeConstantsPass.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Pass/PimMaterializeConstantsPass.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
+#include "mlir/Dialect/MemRef/IR/MemRef.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/Builders.h"
+#include "mlir/Pass/Pass.h"
+
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h"
+
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Common/PimCommon.hpp"
+#include "src/Accelerators/PIM/Dialect/Pim/PimOps.hpp"
+
+using namespace mlir;
+
+namespace onnx_mlir {
+
+namespace {
+
+static bool isExplicitHostOperand(Operation* op, unsigned operandIndex) {
+  if (isa<pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp>(op))
+    return operandIndex == 1;
+  if (isa<pim::PimMemCopyDevToHostOp>(op))
+    return operandIndex == 0;
+  return false;
+}
+
+static int64_t getValueSizeInBytes(Value value) {
+  auto type = dyn_cast<ShapedType>(value.getType());
+  if (!type || !type.hasStaticShape())
+    return -1;
+  return type.getNumElements() * type.getElementTypeBitWidth() / 8;
+}
+
+struct PimMaterializeConstantsPass
+  : PassWrapper<PimMaterializeConstantsPass, OperationPass<ModuleOp>> {
+  MLIR_DEFINE_EXPLICIT_INTERNAL_INLINE_TYPE_ID(PimMaterializeConstantsPass)
+
+  StringRef getArgument() const override { return "materialize-pim-constants"; }
+  StringRef getDescription() const override {
+    return "Materialize explicit host-to-device copies for constant globals used by PIM runtime ops";
+  }
+
+  void runOnOperation() override {
+    ModuleOp moduleOp = getOperation();
+    OpBuilder rewriter(moduleOp.getContext());
+    bool hasFailure = false;
+
+    for (func::FuncOp funcOp : moduleOp.getOps<func::FuncOp>()) {
+      if (funcOp.isExternal())
+        continue;
+
+      for (pim::PimCoreOp coreOp : funcOp.getOps<pim::PimCoreOp>()) {
+        DenseMap<Value, DenseMap<int64_t, DenseMap<Type, Value>>> materializedValues;
+
+        for (Operation& op : llvm::make_early_inc_range(coreOp.getBody().front())) {
+          if (isa<pim::PimHaltOp>(op))
+            continue;
+
+          for (OpOperand& operand : op.getOpOperands()) {
+            Value originalValue = operand.get();
+            if (!isa<BaseMemRefType>(originalValue.getType()) || isExplicitHostOperand(&op, operand.getOperandNumber()))
+              continue;
+
+            auto resolvedAddress = resolveContiguousAddress(originalValue);
+            if (failed(resolvedAddress))
+              continue;
+
+            auto getGlobalOp = dyn_cast_or_null<memref::GetGlobalOp>(resolvedAddress->base.getDefiningOp());
+            if (!getGlobalOp)
+              continue;
+
+            auto originalType = dyn_cast<MemRefType>(originalValue.getType());
+            if (!originalType || !originalType.hasStaticShape()) {
+              op.emitOpError("host constant materialization requires a static memref operand");
+              hasFailure = true;
+              continue;
+            }
+
+            auto& cachedByOffset = materializedValues[resolvedAddress->base];
+            auto& cachedByType = cachedByOffset[resolvedAddress->byteOffset];
+            auto cachedValue = cachedByType.find(originalType);
+            if (cachedValue != cachedByType.end()) {
+              operand.set(cachedValue->second);
+              continue;
+            }
+
+            int64_t totalBytes = getValueSizeInBytes(originalValue);
+            if (totalBytes < 0 || !llvm::isInt<32>(totalBytes) || !llvm::isInt<32>(resolvedAddress->byteOffset)) {
+              op.emitOpError("host constant materialization requires 32-bit copy sizes and offsets");
+              hasFailure = true;
+              continue;
+            }
+
+            auto contiguousType = MemRefType::get(originalType.getShape(), originalType.getElementType());
+
+            rewriter.setInsertionPoint(&op);
+            Value localAlloc = memref::AllocOp::create(rewriter, op.getLoc(), contiguousType);
+            Value deviceDst = localAlloc;
+            if (contiguousType != originalType)
+              deviceDst = memref::CastOp::create(rewriter, op.getLoc(), originalType, localAlloc);
+
+            auto hostToDevCopy = pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp::create(rewriter,
+                                                                    op.getLoc(),
+                                                                    originalType,
+                                                                    deviceDst,
+                                                                    getGlobalOp.getResult(),
+                                                                    rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(0),
+                                                                    rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(
+                                                                      static_cast<int32_t>(resolvedAddress->byteOffset)),
+                                                                    rewriter.getI32IntegerAttr(
+                                                                      static_cast<int32_t>(totalBytes)));
+
+            cachedByType[originalType] = hostToDevCopy.getResult();
+            operand.set(hostToDevCopy.getResult());
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (hasFailure) {
+      signalPassFailure();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    dumpModule(moduleOp, "pim3_materialized");
+  }
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+std::unique_ptr<Pass> createPimMaterializeConstantsPass() {
+  return std::make_unique<PimMaterializeConstantsPass>();
+}
+
+} // namespace onnx_mlir
--- a/src/PIM/Pass/PimPasses.hpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Pass/PimPasses.hpp
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ std::unique_ptr<mlir::Pass> createBufferizePimPass();

 std::unique_ptr<mlir::Pass> createPimConstantFoldingPass();

-std::unique_ptr<mlir::Pass> createPimHostVerificationPass();
+std::unique_ptr<mlir::Pass> createPimMaterializeConstantsPass();
+
+std::unique_ptr<mlir::Pass> createPimVerificationPass();

 std::unique_ptr<mlir::Pass> createEmitPimJsonPass();

--- a/src/PIM/Pass/PimHostVerificationPass.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/Pass/PimHostVerificationPass.cpp
@@ -35,16 +35,24 @@ static bool isCodegenAddressableValue(Value value) {
      || isa<memref::AllocOp, memref::GetGlobalOp>(resolvedAddress->base.getDefiningOp());
 }

-struct PimHostVerificationPass : PassWrapper<PimHostVerificationPass, OperationPass<ModuleOp>> {
-  MLIR_DEFINE_EXPLICIT_INTERNAL_INLINE_TYPE_ID(PimHostVerificationPass)
+static bool isExplicitHostOperand(Operation* op, unsigned operandIndex) {
+  if (isa<pim::PimMemCopyHostToDevOp>(op))
+    return operandIndex == 1;
+  if (isa<pim::PimMemCopyDevToHostOp>(op))
+    return operandIndex == 0;
+  return false;
+}

-  StringRef getArgument() const override { return "verify-pim-host-pass"; }
+struct PimVerificationPass : PassWrapper<PimVerificationPass, OperationPass<ModuleOp>> {
+  MLIR_DEFINE_EXPLICIT_INTERNAL_INLINE_TYPE_ID(PimVerificationPass)
+
+  StringRef getArgument() const override { return "verify-pim-pass"; }
  StringRef getDescription() const override {
-    return "Verify that no runtime host-side code remains in bufferized PIM IR";
+    return "Verify that bufferized PIM IR contains only explicit host/device transfers";
  }

-  PimHostVerificationPass() {}
-  PimHostVerificationPass(const PimHostVerificationPass& pass) {}
+  PimVerificationPass() {}
+  PimVerificationPass(const PimVerificationPass& pass) {}

  void runOnOperation() override {
    ModuleOp moduleOp = getOperation();
@@ -132,11 +140,27 @@ private:
      for (auto [operandIndex, operand] : llvm::enumerate(op.getOperands())) {
        if (!isa<BaseMemRefType>(operand.getType()))
          continue;
-        if (succeeded(resolveContiguousAddress(operand)))
-          continue;

-        op.emitOpError() << "operand #" << operandIndex << " is not backed by contiguous addressable storage";
-        hasFailure = true;
+        auto resolvedAddress = resolveContiguousAddress(operand);
+        if (failed(resolvedAddress)) {
+          op.emitOpError() << "operand #" << operandIndex << " is not backed by contiguous addressable storage";
+          hasFailure = true;
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (isExplicitHostOperand(&op, operandIndex)) {
+          if (!isCodegenAddressableValue(operand)) {
+            op.emitOpError() << "host operand #" << operandIndex << " is not backed by contiguous addressable storage";
+            hasFailure = true;
+          }
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!isa<memref::AllocOp>(resolvedAddress->base.getDefiningOp())) {
+          op.emitOpError() << "operand #" << operandIndex
+                           << " must be backed by device-local memory; materialize host values with pim.memcp_hd";
+          hasFailure = true;
+        }
      }
    }
    return success(!hasFailure);
@@ -165,6 +189,6 @@ private:

 } // namespace

-std::unique_ptr<Pass> createPimHostVerificationPass() { return std::make_unique<PimHostVerificationPass>(); }
+std::unique_ptr<Pass> createPimVerificationPass() { return std::make_unique<PimVerificationPass>(); }

 } // namespace onnx_mlir
--- a/src/PIM/PimAccelerator.cpp
+++ b/src/PIM/PimAccelerator.cpp
@@ -74,7 +74,8 @@ void PimAccelerator::registerPasses(int optLevel) const {
  registerPass(createSpatialToPimPass);
  registerPass(createBufferizePimPass);
  registerPass(createPimConstantFoldingPass);
-  registerPass(createPimHostVerificationPass);
+  registerPass(createPimMaterializeConstantsPass);
+  registerPass(createPimVerificationPass);
  registerPass(createEmitPimJsonPass);
 }

--- a/validation/operations/README.md
+++ b/validation/operations/README.md
@@ -23,6 +23,18 @@ python3 validation/operations/gen_tests.py
 | With bias 3x3 | `conv/with_bias_3x3` | [1,3,5,5] | [1,2,3,3] | 3x3 | 1 | none | yes | Multi-channel with bias |
 | Large spatial | `conv/large_spatial` | [1,1,8,8] | [1,1,6,6] | 3x3 | 1 | none | no | Larger spatial input |

+## Pool
+
+| Test | Directory | Input | Output | Kernel | Stride | Padding | Notes |
+|------|-----------|-------|--------|--------|--------|---------|-------|
+| Max basic | `pool/max_basic` | [1,1,4,4] | [1,1,3,3] | 2x2 | 1 | none | Basic max pooling |
+| Max stride 2 multi-channel | `pool/max_stride2_multichannel` | [1,5,6,6] | [1,5,3,3] | 2x2 | 2 | none | Channel-preserving max pool |
+| Max SAME_UPPER | `pool/max_same_upper` | [1,1,5,5] | [1,1,3,3] | 3x3 | 2 | SAME_UPPER | Deprecated auto_pad path |
+| Avg basic | `pool/avg_basic` | [1,3,4,4] | [1,3,3,3] | 2x2 | 1 | none | Basic average pooling |
+| Avg explicit padding | `pool/avg_explicit_padding` | [1,2,4,4] | [1,2,2,2] | 3x3 | 2 | [1,1,1,1] | `count_include_pad=0` |
+| Avg include pad | `pool/avg_include_pad` | [1,2,4,4] | [1,2,2,2] | 3x3 | 2 | [1,1,1,1] | `count_include_pad=1` |
+| Max after Conv | `pool/max_after_conv` | [1,3,6,6] | [1,4,2,2] | Conv 3x3 then Pool 2x2 | 2 | none | Regression for `pool(conv(...))` |
+
 ## Gemm

 | Test | Directory | A (input) | W (weight) | Output | transB | alpha | beta | Bias | Notes |
--- a/validation/operations/gen_tests.py
+++ b/validation/operations/gen_tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""Generate ONNX test models for validating GEMM and Conv implementations."""
+"""Generate ONNX test models for validating GEMM, Conv, and Pooling implementations."""

 import numpy as np
 import onnx
@@ -248,6 +248,85 @@ def conv_large_spatial():
    save_model(model, "conv/large_spatial", "conv_large_spatial.onnx")


+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Pooling tests
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def maxpool_basic():
+    """MaxPool 2x2 with stride 1."""
+    X = helper.make_tensor_value_info("X", TensorProto.FLOAT, [1, 1, 4, 4])
+    Y = helper.make_tensor_value_info("Y", TensorProto.FLOAT, [1, 1, 3, 3])
+    node = helper.make_node("MaxPool", ["X"], ["Y"], kernel_shape=[2, 2], strides=[1, 1], pads=[0, 0, 0, 0])
+    graph = helper.make_graph([node], "maxpool_basic", [X], [Y])
+    model = helper.make_model(graph, opset_imports=[helper.make_opsetid("", 13)])
+    save_model(model, "pool/max_basic", "maxpool_basic.onnx")
+
+
+def maxpool_stride2_multichannel():
+    """MaxPool 2x2 with stride 2 on multiple channels."""
+    X = helper.make_tensor_value_info("X", TensorProto.FLOAT, [1, 5, 6, 6])
+    Y = helper.make_tensor_value_info("Y", TensorProto.FLOAT, [1, 5, 3, 3])
+    node = helper.make_node("MaxPool", ["X"], ["Y"], kernel_shape=[2, 2], strides=[2, 2], pads=[0, 0, 0, 0])
+    graph = helper.make_graph([node], "maxpool_stride2_multichannel", [X], [Y])
+    model = helper.make_model(graph, opset_imports=[helper.make_opsetid("", 13)])
+    save_model(model, "pool/max_stride2_multichannel", "maxpool_stride2_multichannel.onnx")
+
+
+def maxpool_same_upper():
+    """MaxPool 3x3 with SAME_UPPER padding."""
+    X = helper.make_tensor_value_info("X", TensorProto.FLOAT, [1, 1, 5, 5])
+    Y = helper.make_tensor_value_info("Y", TensorProto.FLOAT, [1, 1, 3, 3])
+    node = helper.make_node("MaxPool", ["X"], ["Y"], kernel_shape=[3, 3], strides=[2, 2], auto_pad="SAME_UPPER")
+    graph = helper.make_graph([node], "maxpool_same_upper", [X], [Y])
+    model = helper.make_model(graph, opset_imports=[helper.make_opsetid("", 13)])
+    save_model(model, "pool/max_same_upper", "maxpool_same_upper.onnx")
+
+
+def avgpool_basic():
+    """AveragePool 2x2 with stride 1."""
+    X = helper.make_tensor_value_info("X", TensorProto.FLOAT, [1, 3, 4, 4])
+    Y = helper.make_tensor_value_info("Y", TensorProto.FLOAT, [1, 3, 3, 3])
+    node = helper.make_node("AveragePool", ["X"], ["Y"], kernel_shape=[2, 2], strides=[1, 1], pads=[0, 0, 0, 0])
+    graph = helper.make_graph([node], "avgpool_basic", [X], [Y])
+    model = helper.make_model(graph, opset_imports=[helper.make_opsetid("", 13)])
+    save_model(model, "pool/avg_basic", "avgpool_basic.onnx")
+
+
+def avgpool_explicit_padding():
+    """AveragePool 3x3 with explicit padding, excluding pad from the divisor."""
+    X = helper.make_tensor_value_info("X", TensorProto.FLOAT, [1, 2, 4, 4])
+    Y = helper.make_tensor_value_info("Y", TensorProto.FLOAT, [1, 2, 2, 2])
+    node = helper.make_node("AveragePool", ["X"], ["Y"],
+                            kernel_shape=[3, 3], strides=[2, 2], pads=[1, 1, 1, 1], count_include_pad=0)
+    graph = helper.make_graph([node], "avgpool_explicit_padding", [X], [Y])
+    model = helper.make_model(graph, opset_imports=[helper.make_opsetid("", 13)])
+    save_model(model, "pool/avg_explicit_padding", "avgpool_explicit_padding.onnx")
+
+
+def avgpool_include_pad():
+    """AveragePool 3x3 with explicit padding, including pad in the divisor."""
+    X = helper.make_tensor_value_info("X", TensorProto.FLOAT, [1, 2, 4, 4])
+    Y = helper.make_tensor_value_info("Y", TensorProto.FLOAT, [1, 2, 2, 2])
+    node = helper.make_node("AveragePool", ["X"], ["Y"],
+                            kernel_shape=[3, 3], strides=[2, 2], pads=[1, 1, 1, 1], count_include_pad=1)
+    graph = helper.make_graph([node], "avgpool_include_pad", [X], [Y])
+    model = helper.make_model(graph, opset_imports=[helper.make_opsetid("", 13)])
+    save_model(model, "pool/avg_include_pad", "avgpool_include_pad.onnx")
+
+
+def maxpool_after_conv():
+    """Conv followed by MaxPool to validate pooling on lowered conv results."""
+    rng = np.random.default_rng(59)
+    X = helper.make_tensor_value_info("X", TensorProto.FLOAT, [1, 3, 6, 6])
+    Y = helper.make_tensor_value_info("Y", TensorProto.FLOAT, [1, 4, 2, 2])
+    W = numpy_helper.from_array(rng.uniform(-1, 1, (4, 3, 3, 3)).astype(np.float32), name="W")
+    conv = helper.make_node("Conv", ["X", "W"], ["C"], kernel_shape=[3, 3], strides=[1, 1], pads=[0, 0, 0, 0])
+    pool = helper.make_node("MaxPool", ["C"], ["Y"], kernel_shape=[2, 2], strides=[2, 2], pads=[0, 0, 0, 0])
+    graph = helper.make_graph([conv, pool], "maxpool_after_conv", [X], [Y], initializer=[W])
+    model = helper.make_model(graph, opset_imports=[helper.make_opsetid("", 13)])
+    save_model(model, "pool/max_after_conv", "maxpool_after_conv.onnx")
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Main
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -273,4 +352,13 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
    conv_batch_2()
    conv_large_spatial()

+    print("\nGenerating Pooling tests:")
+    maxpool_basic()
+    maxpool_stride2_multichannel()
+    maxpool_same_upper()
+    avgpool_basic()
+    avgpool_explicit_padding()
+    avgpool_include_pad()
+    maxpool_after_conv()
+
    print("\nDone.")
--- a/validation/operations/pool/avg_basic/avgpool_basic.onnx
+++ b/validation/operations/pool/avg_basic/avgpool_basic.onnx
--- a/validation/operations/pool/avg_explicit_padding/avgpool_explicit_padding.onnx
+++ b/validation/operations/pool/avg_explicit_padding/avgpool_explicit_padding.onnx
--- a/validation/operations/pool/avg_include_pad/avgpool_include_pad.onnx
+++ b/validation/operations/pool/avg_include_pad/avgpool_include_pad.onnx
--- a/validation/operations/pool/max_after_conv/maxpool_after_conv.onnx
+++ b/validation/operations/pool/max_after_conv/maxpool_after_conv.onnx
--- a/validation/operations/pool/max_basic/maxpool_basic.onnx
+++ b/validation/operations/pool/max_basic/maxpool_basic.onnx
--- a/validation/operations/pool/max_same_upper/maxpool_same_upper.onnx
+++ b/validation/operations/pool/max_same_upper/maxpool_same_upper.onnx
--- a/validation/operations/pool/max_stride2_multichannel/maxpool_stride2_multichannel.onnx
+++ b/validation/operations/pool/max_stride2_multichannel/maxpool_stride2_multichannel.onnx